线性唯象传热定律下不可逆四热源制冷循环最优性能

在恒温热源内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环的基础上，考虑环境热源到制冷空间的热漏、工质的内部耗散以及工质与外部热源问的热阻损失，建立传热服从线性唯象定律的不可逆吸收式制冷循环的模型，导出循环的制冷率和制冷系数的基本优化关系、最大制冷系数及相应的制冷率和最大制冷率及相应的制冷系数，给出了最佳换热面积，并通过数值计算分析了设计参数对循环的制冷率、制冷系数的影响。所得结果对实际吸收式制冷机的设计和运行有一定的指导意义。     

内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环的热经济性能优化

应用内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环模型，分析吸收式制冷机受传热不可逆性影响时的热经济性能。在牛顿传热定律下，导出了循环的最佳热经济性目标和制冷系数的基本优化关系和最大热经济性目标及相应的制冷系数与比制冷率；通过数值算例，得出循环参数对循环的热经济性目标、制冷系数和比制冷率的影响关系。     

q∝△(T-1)的不可逆吸收式制冷系统的优化

以内可逆吸收式制冷循环模型为基础，建立一个不可逆吸收式制冷循环的模型，该模型的热传导规律为q∝△（T^-1），包括低温热源到制冷空间的热漏及工质内部耗散，工质与外部热源间的有限热传导率的不可逆性，并用于导出制冷系数与制冷率的关系及在优质状态下的传热面积的分配关系。确定了在q∝△（T^-1）规律不可逆吸式制冷系统的主要参数的实际优选范围。     

不可逆吸收式热泵循环的基本优化关系及性能分析

在恒温热源内可逆四热源吸收式热泵循环的基础上，建立了线性(牛顿)传热定律下考虑泵热空间到环境热源的热漏、工质的内部耗散以及工质与外部热源间的热阻损失的不可逆吸收式热泵循环模型。导出了总换热面积一定的条件下循环的泵热率和泵热系数的基本优化关系、最大泵热率和相应的泵热系数、最大泵热系数和相应的泵热率、以及循环中最佳工质工作温度和最佳换热面积分配关系；并通过数值算例分析了循环参数对循环最优性能的影响规律。     

热阻、热漏和内不可逆性对两级吸收式制冷循环性能的影响

建立考虑工质与外部热源间的传热损失、内不可逆性损失及外部热源热漏损失的不可逆两级吸收式制冷循环模型,给出制冷系数和制冷率的一般关系。在6个换热器总热导率一定时,对循环性能进行优化,导出循环制冷率和制冷系数的基本优化关系,并得到制冷率和制冷系数的极值。通过数值算例,分析热阻、热漏和内不可逆性损失对循环性能的影响规律。     

内可逆四热源吸收式制冷机生态学最优性能

基于能量分析的观点,建立了反映四热源吸收式制冷机制冷率与熵产率之间最佳折中的生态学准则,分析了线性(牛顿)传热定律下内可逆四热源吸收式制冷机的生态学最优性能.导出了生态学目标与制冷系数的优化关系和最大生态学目标值及其相对应的制冷系数、制冷率和熵产率,确定了循环主要参数的生态学优化选择范围.数值算例分析了制冷率目标和生态学目标的相互关系,计算表明生态学准则对吸收式制冷机优化设计是一种具有长期效应的可选优化目标.     

不可逆半导体固态热离子制冷器性能分析和优化

建立了考虑外部有限速率传热过程和热源间热漏的不可逆半导体固态热离子制冷器模型,基于非平衡热力学和有限时间热力学理论导出了热离子制冷器的制冷率和制冷系数的表达式;对比分析了不可逆热离子制冷器与可逆热离子制冷器的发射电流密度特性、电极温度特性以及制冷系数特性;研究了不可逆系统的制冷率与制冷系数最优性能,得到了制冷率和制冷系数的最优运行区间;通过数值计算,详细讨论了外部传热以及内部导热、热源间热漏损失、热源温度、外加电压、半导体材料势垒等设计参数对热离子装置性能的影响。在总传热面积一定的条件下,进一步优化了高、低温侧换热器的面积分配以获得最佳的制冷率和制冷系数特性。结果表明,由于存在内部和外部的不可逆性,热离子装置的发射电流密度及制冷系数都会明显降低;不可逆半导体固态热离子制冷器的制冷率与制冷系数特性呈扭叶型;合理地选外加电压、势垒等参数,可以使制冷器设计于最大制冷率或最大制冷系数的状态。     

吸附式制冷循环的回热研究

以吸附式制冷循环的热力过程为依据，对比分析了多种吸附式制冷循环的回热利用，详细阐述了回热过程中各部分热量的分配，给出了连续回热型循环，理想热波循环和双效复叠式循环的回热率公式，导出了双效复叠式制冷循环总制冷系数和一、二级循环制冷系数的关系式，并计算了几种循环的制冷系数和回热率。研究表明：热波循环和双效复叠式循环具有较好的应用前景。     

开式简单布雷顿制冷循环热力学优化 2.性能优化

为对开式简单布雷顿制冷循环的热力学性能进行优化,根据本文第一部分建立的热力学模型,采用数值计算的方法,分别给出了空气制冷循环制冷率分析和优化结果,在输入功率、装置总的流通面积和总的热导率约束条件下制冷系数分析和优化的数值计算结果。研究结果表明,存在最佳的压缩机入口压降使制冷循环时的制冷率最大;当给定循环输入功率和装置总尺寸时,存在压缩机最佳入口压降使制冷循环时的制冷系数(制冷率)最大,存在最佳的高低温侧换热器热导率分配使制冷系数最大;最大制冷系数(制冷率)对压缩机压比有最大值。     

新型太阳能吸收式制冷循环的性能分析

在两级溴化锂吸收式制冷循环的基础上,提出了一种由太阳能驱动的新型吸收式制冷循环,并对其进行性能分析。通过大量计算,分析结果表明,在现有太阳能集热器所能提供的热水温度范围内,新型太阳能吸收式制冷循环有较高的热力系数。该循环系统的中间压力、中间浓度对系统的热力系数和热源可利用温差有较大影响。     

Performance optimization of an irreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption refrigerator

On the basis of an endoreversible absorption refrigeration cycle model with linear phenomenological heat transfer law of Q∝Δ(T⁻¹), an irreversible four-heat-reservoir cycle model is built by taking account of the heat resistance, heat leak and irreversibilities due to the internal dissipation of the working fluid. The fundamental optimal relation between the coefficient of performance (COP) and the cooling load, the maximum COP and the corresponding cooling load, as well as the maximum cooling load and the corresponding COP of the cycle coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs are derived by using finite-time thermodynamics. The optimal distribution relation of the heat-transfer surface areas is also obtained. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the COP and the cooling load of the cycle are studied by detailed numerical examples. The results obtained herein are of importance to the optimal design and performance improvement of real absorption refrigerators.     

The influence of heat resistance and heat leak on the performance of a four-heat-reservoir absorption refrigerator with heat transfer law of Q∝Δ(T)

On the basis of an endoreversible absorption refrigeration cycle model with Newton's heat transfer law, an irreversible four-heat-reservoir cycle model with another linear heat transfer law of Q∝Δ(T⁻¹) is built by taking account the heat leak and heat resistance losses. The fundamental optimal relation between the coefficient of performance (COP) and the cooling load, the maximum COP and the corresponding cooling load, as well as the maximum cooling load and the corresponding COP of the cycle with another linear heat transfer law coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs are derived by using finite-time thermodynamics. The optimal distribution relation of the heat-transfer surface areas is also obtained. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the COP and the cooling load of the cycle are studied by detailed numerical examples. The results obtained herein are of importance to the optimal design and performance improvement of a four-heat-reservoir absorption refrigeration cycle.     

Irreversible four-temperature-level absorption refrigerator

A refrigeration cycle is modeled as a demonstration of an irreversible absorption refrigeration cycle. This four-temperature-level model takes into account the heat resistance, heat leakage, and irreversibilities due to internal dissipation of the working fluid. The fundamental optimal relationships between: (1) the coefficient of performance (COP) and the cooling load; (2) the maximum COP and the corresponding cooling load; and (3) the maximum cooling load and the corresponding COP of the cycle, all coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs, are derived by using finite-time thermodynamics. The optimal distribution relationships of the heat-transfer surface areas are also presented. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the COP and the cooling load of the cycle are studied by detailed numerical examples. The results obtained herein are useful for optimal design and performance improvement of absorption refrigeration cycles.     

Performance characteristics of a magnetic Stirling cooler

The quantum mechanics model of a magnetic Stirling cooler is established. The optimal relation between the cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) is obtained. The maximum cooling load and corresponding COP as well as the maximum COP and the corresponding cooling load are derived. The optimization criteria for a magnetic Stirling cooler are determined. The results obtained here will be useful for the further understanding and the selection of the optimal operating conditions for a magnetic Stirling cooler. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of unequal finite piston speeds on the optimal performances of endoreversible Carnot refrigeration and heat pump cycles

The performances of endoreversible Carnot refrigeration and heat pump cycles with loss of heat resistance and finite piston speeds are analysed and optimized by using the combination of finite time thermodynamics, finite speed thermodynamics and direct method. The unequal finite piston speed model on four branches is adopted. Expressions of cooling load of endoreversible Carnot refrigeration cycle and of heating load of endoreversible Carnot heat pump cycle are derived with a fixed cycle period and unequal finite piston speeds on the four branches. Numerical examples show that there exist optimal expansion ratios, which lead to maximum cooling load and maximum heating load for the fixed coefficient of performance (COP), respectively. The maximum cooling load, maximum heating load, optimal ratios of finite piston speeds and optimal hot- and cold-side working fluid temperatures versus COP characteristics for the endoreversible Carnot refrigeration and heat pump cycles are obtained. Moreover, the effects of design parameters on the performances of the two cycles are discussed.     

Performance Optimization for an Irreversible Quantum Stirling Cooler

The purpose of this paper is to study the optimal performance for an irreversible quantum Stirling cooler with heat leak and other irreversible losses. The relationship between the optimal cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) for the quantum Stirling cooler is derived. The maximum cooling load and the corresponding COP, as well as the maximum coefficient of performance and the corresponding cooling load are obtained. The experimental observation for the optimal region is provided.     

Thermo-economic optimization of an endoreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption-refrigerator

Based on an endoreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption-refrigeration-cycle model, the optimal thermo-economic performance of an absorption-refrigerator is analyzed and optimized assuming a linear (Newtonian) heat-transfer law applies. The optimal relation between the thermo-economic criterion and the coefficient of performance (COP), the maximum thermo-economic criterion, and the COP and specific cooling load for the maximum thermo-economic criterion of the cycle are derived using finite-time thermodynamics. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the thermo-economic performance of the cycle are studied by numerical examples.     

Irreversible absorption heat-pump and its optimal performance

On the basis of an endoreversible absorption heat-pump cycle, a generalized irreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption heat-pump cycle model is established by taking account of the heat resistances, heat leak and irreversibilities due to the internal dissipation of the working substance. The heat transfer between the heat reservoir and the working substance is assumed to obey the linear (Newtonian) heat-transfer law, and the overall heat-transfer surface area of the four heat-exchangers is assumed to be constant. The fundamental optimal relations between the coefficient of performance (COP) and the heating-load, the maximum COP and the corresponding heating-load, the maximum heating load and the corresponding COP, as well as the optimal temperatures of the working substance and the optimal heat-transfer surface areas of the four heat-exchangers are derived by using finite-time thermodynamics. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the characteristics of the cycle are studied by numerical examples.     

Ecological optimization of an irreversible Ericsson cryogenic refrigerator cycle

The ecological optimization and parametric study of an irreversible Ericsson cryogenic refrigerator cycle with finite heat capacities of external reservoirs is studied. The ecological function is defined as the cooling load minus the loss of the cooling load (the irreversibility) due to the entropy generation rate. The ecological function is optimized with respect to working fluid temperatures and the values of the cooling load, power input, the loss rate of the cooling load and COP are calculated for a typical set of operating parameters. The effects of different operating parameters on the ecological function, cooling load, the loss rate of the cooling load and COP are studied. The loss rate of the cooling load and the power input are found to be increasing functions of the cycle temperature ratio and decreasing functions of COP while the COP is found to be a decreasing function of the cycle temperature ratio. On the other hand, there exist the optimal values of the cycle temperature ratio and COP at which the ecological function and cooling load attain their maximum values. Also the ecological function and the cooling load are found to be increasing functions of the sink‐side heat capacitance rate and the effectiveness on the source‐, sink‐, and regenerative‐side heat exchangers while the decreasing functions of the source‐side heat capacitance rate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

传热规律、热漏和内不可逆性对吸收式热泵循环性能的影响

建立了考虑泵热空间到环境热源的热漏、工质循环的内部不可逆性以及工质与热源之间传热Q∝△(T^a)服从传热规律时的不可逆四热源吸收式热泵循环模型，导出了循环泵热率和泵热系数的一般关系；并导出了线性唯象传热定律时循环泵热率和泵热系数的基本优化关系、性能极值、循环中工质的最佳工作温度和换热器传热面积的最佳分配关系；通过数值耸例分析了传热规律、热漏和内不可逆性对循环性能的影响规律，比较了传热面积最优分配前后循环的最优性能。