面向次同步振荡分析的直驱风电机群建模

针对低运行工况下直驱风电机群并网出现的次同步振荡（SSO）问题,基于图形化分块建模,在建立风力机、集电线路及电网等独立元件的模型基础上,构造不同集电线路拓扑结构下直驱风电机群的线性化模型。利用特征值分析法和阻抗分析法识别系统中存在的振荡模式,并分析运行工况、电流内环控制参数和风力机数量等因素对SSO频率和阻尼的影响。研究结果表明：d轴电流内环控制参数设置不合理是诱发直驱风电机群SSO的根本原因。在EMTDC/PSCAD中搭建直驱风电机群并网的时域仿真模型,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

用于次同步振荡分析的直驱风电场等值模型

实际风电场具有风电场数量多、运行工况呈分散性等特点,对风电场进行恰当的等值建模具有实际工程意义.针对由电流内环主导的直驱风电场次同步振荡的等值建模问题,参考同步发电机组建模研究工作,结合K-means分群方法与相似变换原理建立多机并联直驱风电场主导振荡特性保持的等值模型.通过改变电流内环控制参数,对比分析详细模型(考虑...     

弱交流系统下直驱风电场次同步振荡特性分析

针对弱交流系统下直驱风电场发生次同步振荡问题,建立了直驱永磁风机风电场的电磁暂态等值模型,分析了接入交流系统的强度、风机并网台数、风机控制参数以及静止无功发生器的控制方式对次同步振荡特性的影响。分析结果表明:随着交流系统强度的降低和风机台数增加,次同步振荡频率逐渐向低频段转移,且振荡幅值增大;一定范围内,随着d轴电流内环比例参数增大,系统不易发生次同步振荡,而积分参数增大,次同步振荡频率减小,幅值增大;静止无功发生器(SVG)采用并网点电压幅值控制,比恒定的无功功率控制更容易使直驱风电场发生次同步振荡;最后,搭建三机并联的直驱风电场仿真模型,分析比较了不同运行工况、控制参数下和单机等值模型的差异性。     

含SVG直驱风电场降阶模型与宽频振荡抑制措施研究

在直驱风电机组状态空间模型、SVG状态空间模型的基础上,建立了含SVG直驱风电场并网系统降阶状态空间模型;分析发现直驱风电场内SVG可能引起宽频振荡.为了抑制含SVG直驱风电场内宽频振荡,提出了含SVG直驱风电场宽频振荡阻尼控制器设计方法.基于降阶状态空间模型,以目标振荡模式的阻尼比为目标函数,通过优化算法整定控制器参...     

基于滑模控制的直驱风电场次同步振荡抑制策略

当直驱风电场（DDWF）并入弱交流系统中发生次同步振荡（SSO）时，网侧变流器（GSC）电流内环的PI控制器会放大DDWF并网电流中所含的次同步电流分量，进而形成由交流系统、GSC及其控制系统构成的次同步电流助增正反馈回路，最终导致系统SSO失稳。针对这一问题，该文提出一种基于GSC电流内环滑模控制（SMC）的直驱风电场SSO抑制策略。首先，建立DDWF并入弱交流系统的动态模型，推导由PI控制器主导的DDWF并入弱交流系统SSO的形成机理。然后，为了切断系统的次同步电流助增正反馈回路，设计基于指数趋近律的SMC控制器，并以SMC控制器替换原GSC电流内环中的PI控制器，通过理论推导证明GSC电流内环SMC控制器能有效抑制系统SSO。最后，在PSCAD/EMTDC中，以DDWF并入弱交流系统作为算例，验证所提SSO抑制策略的有效性。     

基于模糊控制的双馈风电机组次同步振荡自适应抑制策略

双馈感应发电机与输电线路串联电容补偿之间的次同步控制相互作用(SSCI)是引发双馈风电交流并网系统次同步振荡(SSO)的主要原因。该文通过建立双馈风电交流并网系统的阻抗模型,分析风电机组不同控制参数对系统SSO的影响程度,提出一种可等效电流环控制参数调整且兼顾基频控制性能的附加阻尼控制方法。为提升对振荡模态迁徙的适应性和鲁棒性,进一步将实时测频与模糊控制相结合,形成一种可根据振荡频率自动调整附加阻尼控制参数的SSO自适应抑制策略。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台,验证该文所提出的SSO自适应抑制策略的正确性与有效性。     

基于正序阻抗的直驱风电机组次/超同步振荡影响因素分析

为深入研究直驱风电机组与交流电网的交互作用引发的次/超同步振荡问题,首先,利用谐波线性化方法建立直驱风电机组正序阻抗模型,并给出了次/超同步振荡的稳定性判据;其次,通过频率扫描法验证了模型的合理性;利用波特图,揭示电流环和锁相环控制参数对直驱风电机组次/超同步振荡特性的影响规律;最后,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建直驱风电机组并网系统进行时域仿真,并与频域分析比较,验证了阻抗特性分析的合理性。     

直驱风电机组与SVG交互作用引发次/超同步振荡的机理与特性研究

为深入研究直驱风电机组与无功补偿装置交互作用引发的次/超同步振荡问题,首先,利用谐波线性化方法建立直驱风电机组与SVG交互作用的正序阻抗模型,并在此模型的基础上,给出了基于阻抗的稳定性判据;然后,通过波特图分析了SVG控制参数对直驱风电机组阻抗特性的影响,揭示锁相环和电流环控制参数对直驱风电机组与SVG交互作用的次/超同步振荡特性的作用规律;最后,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建了直驱风电机组并网系统进行时域仿真,并与频域分析加以比较,验证了阻抗特性分析的合理性。     

适用于次同步振荡研究的直驱风电场等值建模

针对当前直驱风电场次同步振荡研究缺乏合适的等值模型这一问题,首先对单台直驱风机并网系统进行小信号建模及参与因子分析,得到了影响直驱风机次同步振荡的主导参量;接着将这些主导参量作为直驱风电场等值建模的聚类指标,利用SOM神经网络聚类算法对风电机组进行聚类,并借鉴同调等值法原理整定了风电机群的运行状态。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC上建立了风电场等值模型,通过比较等值模型对实际风电场的等值效果,验证了直驱风电场等值建模方法的合理性。     

弱电网下锁相环对大型光伏电站振荡模式的影响

建立含锁相环的大型光伏电站并网系统小信号模型,采用特征值法分析电网强弱和锁相环参数对各振荡模式的影响规律,然后在频域下分析锁相环参数和并网点短路比对其振荡回路稳定性的影响。结果表明:系统主要存在高频下的LCL振荡模式、次同步频率下的电流振荡模式和锁相环振荡模式;电网变弱或锁相环参数变化时,3个振荡模式中电流振荡模式的阻尼最先由正变负,是导致系统失稳的主要原因;适当增大锁相环的比例系数、减小积分系数,有助于提高系统阻尼,增强系统稳定性。时域仿真验证理论分析的准确性。     

Comparison of oscillation damping capability in three power control strategies for PMSG‐based WECS

With the aid of small signal analysis and digital simulations, this paper compares the mechanical and power oscillation damping performances of three power control strategies for the multi‐pole permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based direct driven wind energy conversion system (WECS). Maximal power point tracking (MPPT) control implemented in the generator side has inherent abilities on the oscillation damping. For the smoothed or constant power requirements, power oscillations are hard to damp, and additional active damping controller is required. Active damping can be achieved with power control on the generator or grid side and DC link voltage control on the generator side. With additional compensator in the power or DC link voltage control loop, a damping torque is produced to suppress the oscillations. An improved control structure, which has inherent oscillation damping capability, is proposed for the power control of WECS. Combined with different power control strategies, this structure can be applied to achieve different power outputs. The validation of the proposed control structure is verified by the simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

短路故障清除时刻直驱风电机组机端暂态过电压研究

大规模风电汇集地区的配套火电机组少,属于交流弱电网,故障后暂态过电压问题严重。2011年至今,中国西北、东北、华北等多个区域电网已经发生了数十起风电暂态过电压脱网事件,且事故中,故障恢复过电压引发脱网的风力机占比很高,其过电压程度直接影响风电场的开机容量。针对该问题,该文基于典型低电压穿越策略建立永磁直驱风电机组（PMSG）并网模型,研究弱电网条件下送出线路短路故障清除时刻PMSG机端暂态过电压的影响因素。结果表明,PMSG暂态过电压与风电机组容量、电压跌落程度及锁相环动态特性等因素有关,根据某实际直驱风场搭建仿真系统模型验证了该结论。     

宽范围电网下并网逆变器延时小信号建模及不连续稳定区间分析

该文以光伏并网逆变器为例,借助pade近似方法,建立考虑控制延时环节的光伏并网逆变器状态空间小信号模型,利用特征值分析方法研究宽范围电网强度下考虑控制延时的光伏并网逆变器稳定性问题。算例仿真分析结果表明:在考虑控制延时的光伏并网逆变器系统中,当电网强度在较宽范围内变化时,系统存在不连续稳定区间;考虑控制延时的系统小信号模型要更加精确,对控制器参数的变化更加敏感;在极弱电网(短路比SCR≤1.6)下,锁相环和电流环相关振荡模式之间会发生交互作用和"借"阻尼现象,并引起系统不稳定。最后通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真和验证实验证明了理论分析的正确性。     

弱电网条件下STATCOM对风电场电压稳定性的影响

为研究静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)对连接到弱电网风电场电压稳定性的影响,基于双馈型风机和STATCOM数学模型,通过数学分析研究了不同电网强度下连接到弱电网风电场的电压静态稳定问题,通过系统仿真研究了STATCOM对风电场静态和动态行为的影响。结果表明,弱电网条件下风电场的电压静态稳定极限和功率传输极限会随着电网强度的减弱而降低;STATCOM的应用减小了弱电网条件下风电场电压的波动幅度,提高了电压稳定极限和功率传输能力,且有利于实现风机的故障穿越。     

基于双重约束的光伏逆变器直接前馈阻尼控制研究

针对高比例光伏发电系统网侧变弱潜在的高频谐振问题,提出一种基于输出电流直接前馈的新型阻尼控制方案,并对环路谐振抑制参数整定的全局-局部运行双重约束进行研究。首先,建立光伏多机并网系统数学模型,利用阻抗比判断潜在的高频谐振。其次,对逆变器串电阻环路变换构建等效的输出电流直接前馈控制环路,通过分析不同谐振抑制参数下系统全局高频谐振治理效果及单台逆变器局部运行状态,以全局-局部稳定为双重约束确定了谐振抑制参数可行域,并分析电气参数随运行状态变化下所提方案的抗扰能力。最后,搭建光伏多机并网系统的仿真实验平台验证上述研究的有效性。     

Multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbines' grid support capability in uninterrupted operation during grid faults

Emphasis in this paper is on the fault ride-through and grid support capabilities of multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines with a full-scale frequency converter. These wind turbines are announced to be very attractive, especially for large offshore wind farms. A control strategy is presented, which enhances the fault ride-through and voltage support capability of such wind turbines during grid faults. Its design has special focus on power converters' protection and voltage control aspects. The performance of the presented control strategy is assessed and discussed by means of simulations with the use of a transmission power system generic model developed and delivered by the Danish Transmission System Operator Energinet.dk. The simulation results show how a PMSG wind farm equipped with an additional voltage control can help a nearby active stall wind farm to ride through a grid fault, without implementation of any additional ride-through control strategy in the active stall wind farm.     

Coordinated Reactive Power Control of a Large Wind Farm and a STATCOM Using Heuristic Dynamic Programming

A novel interface neurocontroller (INC) is proposed for the coordinated reactive power control between a large wind farm equipped with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) and a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) technique and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are used to design this INC. It effectively reduces the level of voltage sags as well as the over-currents in the DFIG rotor circuit during grid faults, and therefore, significantly enhances the fault ride-through capability of the wind farm. The INC also acts as a coordinated external damping controller for the wind farm and the STATCOM, and therefore, improves power oscillation damping of the system after grid faults. Simulation studies are carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC and the results are presented to verify the proposed INC.      

A novel sensorless current shaping control approach for SVPWM inverter with voltage disturbance rejection in a dc grid–based wind power generation system

A novel sensorless current shaping (CS) control strategy is proposed to avail better power quality (PQ) of a dc grid–based wind power generation system (WPGS) used on a poultry farm by generating an appropriate reference current for space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter. The proposed CS strategy also offers adequate control for parallel operation of multiple generators and inverter applications, without requiring voltage and frequency synchronization. Further, to control the poultry farm–based WPGS, a two‐stage control loop is implemented such as energy flow control loop (EFCL) and harmonic control loop (HCL). The first loop is used to regulate the power flow, and the second loop is used to compensate harmonics. A mathematical current decomposition technique is suggested for an appropriate resistance emulation to realize a better power flow, higher harmonic rejection, and better inverter operation. In this planned approach for attaining constant wind speed, an electric ventilation fan in the poultry farm is used. A combined hybrid dc and ac grid approaches are suggested for facilitating variable load integration in a poultry farm–based microgrid system. Moreover, for achieving better power management during the islanded mode of operation, the battery energy storage (BES) device is integrated with the dc grid through a bidirectional converter. The proposed WPGS design and control approach has been simulated through MATLAB/Simulink software under various test conditions, to demonstrate the operational capability, to achieve better PQ, and to increase the flexibility and reliability in the microgrid operation.