舰载燃气轮机间冷器内部流动的三维数值模拟

板翅式换热器是舰载燃气轮机首选换热器形式。针对平直型翅片的矩形通道的结构特点,建立了流动换热分析的耦合计算模型,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法对间冷器的通道流场进行了数值模拟。给出并分析了计算区域内多个截面的温度、压力、速度、局部传热系数等参数的分布图形和变化趋势,并考察了不同工况下间冷器的工作能力。     

精确数学控制下多股流换热器的运行优化

本文在多股流换热器精确数学控制的基础上,针对板翅式平行流多股流换热器,从最小能耗的角度确定辅助流体间的最佳调节组合建立优化目标函数,对其进行了运行优化的研究.即当目标流体入口参数发生工况变动后,为了确保其出口的工艺条件,通过调节不同的辅助流体及不同辅助流体间的调节组合来寻求能量投入量最小,同时引入优化算法,可以快速的求解出最小能耗下辅助流体间的最佳调节组合.     

基于燃气轮机的板翅式换热器特性分析及结构优化

针对微型燃气轮机板翅式换热器结构参数与燃气轮机性能之间的耦合关系,建立了板翅式换热器多目标分析和优化模型。在此基础上,分析了2种设计条件(定燃烧室吸热量和定涡轮出功)下板翅式换热器关键参数对板翅式换热器和燃气轮机性能的影响。结果表明:影响燃烧室吸热量和涡轮出功的主要因素为换热器压损而并非换热器效能,2种设计条件下各参数的变化趋势一致(除燃烧室吸热量和涡轮出功外);在对翅片结构进行优化后,涡轮出功增大了6.8%,燃烧室吸热量减少了5.1%;相对于基本参数,优化后翅片厚度、翅片间距和波纹角减小,翅片高度增加,保证了板翅式换热器具有较小的压损;采用■耗散最小和采用熵产最小为优化目标时无明显区别。     

板翅式换热器翅片及隔板动态特性分析

基于板翅式换热器翅片的非稳态导热方程，计算分析了翅片的动态特性，认为翅片的不稳定传热过程相对于换热器其它过程特征时间无限小，因此可以不考虑翅片的动态特性，从而简化了板翅式换热器动态模型，通过分析换热器动态过渡过程表明：隔板的热容对板翅式换热器的动态特性的影响是不容忽略的。     

一种多股流换热器综合性能优化设计方法

在综合考虑了体积、重量和阻力等因素的基础上,对多股流换热器进行通道排列和优化设计,并运用无量纲分析法,自定义了syn因子、syn线等用以评价换热器综合性能的指标。详细分析了应用syn因子综合优化翅片结构的过程,与实际的设计结果比较表明：该方法适用于多股流换热器的综合性能优化设计。     

百叶窗板翅式换热器换热与阻力性能数值模拟研究

为了解决百叶窗板翅式换热器的内部性能优化问题,通过对层流稳态下换热器燃气侧的典型流动换热单元进行建模及流动换热分析,得到了单元体内部速度、流线及温度的分布特性,并通过对换热系数、科尔本传热因子、进出口单位压降、范宁摩擦系数的比较,获得了不同燃气入口速度下翅片间距及翅片角度对换热器换热性能及流动阻力的影响。结果表明:在百叶窗翅片角度及其他尺寸参数不变时,当百叶窗间距为0. 7 mm时其换热性能最优,阻力随间距增大而减小;在翅片间距等参数不变而角度变化时,换热性能与阻力均随角度增大而增大,当百叶窗角度从15°增加至30°时,换热性能的增加幅度较为明显。     

多股流换热器动态过程场协同分析

建立了多股流板翅式换热器动态数学模型,通过换热器入口温度及流量阶跃的改变,模拟过渡过程中温度场的动态响应,利用温差场均匀性因子对多股流换热器过渡过程动态特性进行了评价,通过分析内部温度场与速度场的协同关系,揭示温差场在动态过程中的变化特征.将温差场均匀性因子与过渡时间结合,建立了自组织能力系数,并对多股流换热器控制品质进行了分析.多股流换热器在流量阶跃时,温差场均匀性因子平缓迁移,而温度阶跃时变化剧烈且存有极值.多股流换热器自组织系数越大,越易达到新的热平衡.     

扁平翅片管数值模拟及其结构优化

蛇形扁平管换热器在空冷电站的应用上取得了很好的效果,为进一步提高空冷电站凝汽器的冷凝效率,优化扁平管翅片的物理结构,建立了蛇形翅片扁平管换热器及直翅片和带扰流孔直翅片扁平管换热器通道的三维物理数学模型,利用FLUENT软件进行数值计算.通过对对流换热系数、流动损失、散热量的对比分析,结果表明:蛇形翅片扁平管翅片的物理结构存在进一步的优化空间的可能性,直翅片扁平管具有更优越的冷凝效率,模拟结果为直接空冷凝汽器的设计和优化改造提供了科学依据.     

逆流板翅式换热器动态性能的建模与仿真

对间冷回热燃气轮机关键部件逆流板翅式换热器进行了动态性能的仿真研究。在考虑气体工质压缩性的基础上，根据换热器内部冷、热流体的压力、流量和温度的变化和冷热流道间隔板的热平衡，建立了逆流板翅式换热器的动态数学模型，在EASY5平台上搭建了逆流板翅式换热器的分布参数模型，并进行了动态的仿真试验计算。分析结果表明该逆流板翅式换热器模型较好地实现了对换热器内部流体流动和换热的模拟，可以作为部件模块，用来时间冷回热燃气轮机系统性能的仿真研究。     

低雷诺数流动错位翅片传热和压降特性的实验研究

通过对油水板翅式换热器进行的性能试验，得到了低雷诺数流动下板翅式换热器翅片侧传热与阻力特性的数据，在此基础上获得了错位翅片传热因子与摩擦系数的准则关系式，传热因子和摩擦系数的最大计算误差分别为0．62％和1．44％。根据这些准则关系式提出了一个衡量翅片质量的经济系数。     

Experimental study of thermal performance improvement in a cross-flow heat exchanger by using copper foam

In this study, copper foam was used as a porous medium in place of traditional aluminum fins. A comparison between the two heat exchangers—one with fins and the other with copper foam—was conducted under various conditions. The air inlet velocity ranged from 0.9 to 9.3 m/s, and the water inlet temperature ranged from 10°C to 18°C. Different water flow rates were tested. A comparison was made between the performance of copper foam and aluminum fins by calculating several parameters, including thermal resistance, heat exchanger effectiveness, Colburn factor, Nusselt number, friction factor, and area goodness factor (AG). The experimental results showed that at low air velocities, the heat transfer coefficient for both types of heat exchangers was almost equal. However, at high air velocities, the copper foam exhibited a higher heat transfer coefficient. The Colburn factor was higher for the heat exchanger with copper foam than in the conventional fins, where it was equal to 0.1959 for the copper foam and 0.1186 for the fins. On the other hand, the AG was higher in the case of fins than in the heat exchanger with copper foam.     

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In this study, fully developed laminar flow and convective heat transfer in an internally finned tube heat exchanger are investigated numerically. The flow is assumed to be both hydrodynamically and thermally developed with uniform outside wall temperature. Parameters of the thickness, length, and number of fins and thermal conductivity ratio between fin and working fluid are varied to obtain the friction factor as well as Nusselt number. The results show that the heat transfer improves significantly if more fins are used; however, the pressure drop turns out to be large in this heat exchanger. In addition, it is found that the emergence of closed-loop isotherms between the areas of two neighboring fins leads to heat transfer enhancement in the internally finned tube. When the fin number is smaller than 14, there appears a maximum Nusselt number at about 0.8 of the dimensionless fin length. Finally, an experiment is conducted to verify the numerical results.     

Heat transfer enhancement of finned-tube heat exchanger using nozzle- and diffuser-shaped fins instead of straight fins

In this paper, a new method has been used to improve the heat transfer rate in the finned-tube heat exchanger with nozzle- and diffuser-shaped arrangement. For this study, the effect of several parameters was studied numerically. For the computational fluid dynamics simulation, the continuity, momentum, and energy equations were solved by the finite volume method using the standard k–ԑ model. The rate of heat transfer increases with the decreasing of fin bend radius (15 < R_fb < 20) for both nozzle-shaped fin and diffuser-shaped fin. By increasing of side temperature (600 < T_side < 900) and side Reynolds number (2000 < Re_side < 5000) the heat transfer rate increased for both nozzle- and diffuser-shaped fins. Results showed that a nozzle-shaped fin with a fin bend radius of 15 mm under the condition of Re_in = 20,000, T_side = 900 K, and Re_side = 3400 has a higher effect on heat transfer in comparison with the other types of fins. The maximum heat transfer rate was almost 39% and 35% for the nozzle-shaped fin with a bend radius of 15 mm and diffuser-shaped fin with a bend radius of 15 mm compared with the simple tube, respectively. Finally, correlational equations have been suggested to forecast the average Nu number as functions of various parameters of the tube equipped with different types of outer fins involving nozzle- and diffuser-shaped.     

Optimal design analysis of a tubular heat exchanger network with extended surfaces using multi-objective constructal optimization

The present work aims to investigate the influence of extended surfaces (fins) on the multi-objective optimization of a tubular heat exchanger network (THEN). An increase in the heat transfer area using various extended surfaces (fins) to enhance the performance of the heat exchanger was used while considering the effectiveness and total heat transfer area as two objective functions. In addition to the simulation of simple fins, a new set of fins, called constructal fins, was designed based on the constructal theory. Tubular heat exchanger network design parameters were chosen as optimization variables, and optimization results were achieved in such a way as to enhance the effectiveness and decrease the total heat transfer area. The results show the importance of constructal fins in improving the objective functions of heat exchangers. For instance, the simple fins case enhances the effectiveness by up to 5.3% compared to that without fins (usual heat exchanger) while using constructal fins, in addition to the 7% increment of effectiveness, reduces the total heat transfer area by 9.47%. In order to optimize the heat exchanger, the heat transfer rate and cold fluid temperature must increase, and at the same time, the hot exiting fluid temperature should decrease at the same constant total heat transfer area, which is higher in the constructal fins case. Finally, optimized design variables were studied for different cases, and the effects of various fins were reported.     

Heat transfer enhancement in annular fins using functionally graded material

This study presents a new approach on the heat transfer enhancement of annular fins with constant thickness using functionally graded materials. The thermal conductivity of the annular fin is assumed to be graded along the fin radius as a power‐law function. The resulting fin equation is solved by an approximate analytical method using the mean value theorem. The variable coefficients of second and third terms in the second‐order differential equation of the fin are replaced with their mean values along the fin radius. Several different graphs regarding the computed temperature profile, fin tip temperature, and fin efficiency are plotted with respect to the radii ratio thermo‐geometric parameter, and inhomogeneity parameter. It is demonstrated that the inhomogeneity parameter plays an important role on the heat transfer enhancement of the annular fin. However, for large radii ratios the effect of the inhomogeneity parameter decreases. Finally, it is stated that application of the functionally graded material in the annular fins, enhances the heat transfer rate between the fin and surrounding fluid resulting from the higher fin efficiency in comparison to the homogeneous annular fin. It is hoped that the results obtained from this study arouse interest among thermal designers and heat exchanger industries. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 42(7): 603–617, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21053     

百叶窗翅片的传热和阻力性能试验研究

风洞试验台上对8种不同结构参数的百叶窗翅片进行传热和流动阻力的性能试验。分析比较了翅片长度、翅片间距、翅片高度对其传热和阻力性能的影响，其中翅片长度和翅片间距对无量纲传热j因子和摩擦阻力f因子影响较大，翅片高度影响较小。同时采用3√j/f因子综合评价了8种翅片的强化传热效果。结果表明，翅片长度对强化传热影响最为显著。     

相变贮热管管内强化传热的数值研究

以管壳式相变换热器为例,研究了肋片对增强贮热管管内传热的影响。建立了内部设置肋片的贮热管放热过程的数理模型,分析比较了不同的肋片参数,如肋片布置密度、长度及厚度等因素对贮热管放热效果的影响,并通过瞬态传热过程的计算,确定了与多种肋片布置方式所对应的相变贮热管的有效导热系数。     

空气横掠矩形翅片椭圆管束换热规律的数值研究

采用Fluent软件对矩形翅片椭圆管束空气侧的对流换热情况进行了三维数值模拟，获得了不同流速下翅片表面温度分布，分析了迎面风速与换热系数之间的关系，随着速度的增大，空气侧的换热系数增加，并拟合了换热计算公式。同时分析了不同翅片间距对换热的影响因素，随着翅片间距的增大，空气侧换热系数增加，而且随着Rg数的增加，换热的强化更加明显。