柴油机相继增压系统仿真研究

随着增压压力的提高,柴油机低工况运行时的性能越来越差,相继增压系统用于改善高增压柴油机低工况性能.在Matlab/Simulink仿真软件环境中,应用计算机仿真方法,建立了相继增压柴油机的"准稳态"数学模型,主要对相继增压系统的动态切换过程进行了模拟,通过仿真计算分析了相继增压系统动态切换过程的影响因素及其对柴油机的影响.     

阀门动态特性对相继增压瞬态切换过程影响分析

以某大型高功率密度船用柴油机为研究对象,搭建柴油机1D热力学模型,并基于台架试验数据进行模型标定.考虑阀门启闭响应时间的影响,基于标定后的1D瞬态热力学模型分析不同阀门启闭响应时间对受控增压器切入和切出过程,以及急加载过程中柴油机各主要参数的影响.分析结果表明:阀门的启闭响应时间从O s延长至1.5 s后,柴油机和增压器的转速变化及恢复稳定运行的时刻推后,但达到最终稳定运行状态的时刻基本相同,瞬态性能未见明显恶化趋势,且柴油机转速跌落幅值减小;当同一型号不同柴油机的阀门动态响应存在较小差异时,无须调整空气阀相对燃气阀的延迟时间.     

柴油机大小涡轮相继增压系统瞬态切换策略

针对大小涡轮相继增压系统的两条切换转速线进行了外特性工况的瞬态切换试验,试验结果显示控制阀门同时开闭会出现压气机喘振和发动机进气波动大等问题,通过分析切换过程中相关性能参数的变化情况,总结出了外特性工况瞬态切换过程中阀门的最佳开闭规律:由小增压器(TC)切换至大TC时,以阀门2的开启时刻为基准,阀门1滞后1.1s开启,阀门3滞后1.3s关闭;由大TC切换至小TC时,以阀门4开启时刻为基准,阀门3滞后0.9s开启,阀门1滞后1s关闭;由大TC切换至大小2TC时,阀门3比阀门4滞后0.3s开启;而由2TC切换至大TC时,阀门3比阀门4滞后0.3s关闭。最后,通过进一步试验确定了不同负荷下的阀门切换规律。     

船用相继增压柴油机1TC_2TC切换过程仿真分析

相继增压技术是改善船用柴油机低负荷性能的主要手段之一.1TC/2TC切换时机与切换过程对相继增压柴油机的瞬态性能有较大影响.建立了船用相继增压柴油机的准稳态数学模型,对典型船用相继增压16PA6STC柴油机1TC/2TC切换过程的动态性能进行了仿真分析.研究结果表明,对相继增压柴油机1TC/2TC切换过程而言,比较合适的切换时机是在打开受控增压器的燃气阀后,待受控增压器的转速略超过基本增压器时即打开受控增压器的空气阀.16PA6STC柴油机1TC/2TC的切换延迟时间选择2.7 s比较合适.     

船用柴油机相继增压系统性能研究

柴油机高增压会带来严重的部分工况问题,主要有部分工况热负荷较高和容易造成压气机的喘振．柴油机相继增压有效地解决了高增压柴油机低工况问题：改善了低工况燃油经济性,降低了热负荷、减少了喘振可能性等．     

相继增压柴油机燃气阀性能试验研究

针对某型相继增压柴油设计了一种新型的燃气阀。新型燃气阀采用了挡板蝶阀,密封材料采用石墨材料。在柴油机上新型燃气阀与原用燃气阀进行了性能对比试验,测量和对比了相继增压柴油机在不同负荷,不同增压器数下的油耗、涡轮前温度以及增压器的工作状态的一致性。结果表明,采用所设计的燃气阀后油耗最高降低了2 410mg/(kW·h),涡轮前温度降低10K以上,同时基本增压器和受控增压器的工作状态一致性得到了大幅度的改善,最大的转速差仅为600r/min。验证了新型燃气阀对柴油机性能有明显的改善。     

车用柴油机与相继增压系统的匹配仿真研究

主要使用GT-power软件,根据设计要求对柴油机新选用的相继增压系统进行模拟仿真计算,通过使用相继增压系统的方法来提高柴油机在低工况下的动力性能,并使经济性能得到改善。增压系统提高功率后,采用优化燃烧的方法有效地解决缸内燃烧压力和温度偏高的问题。     

喷气对相继增压柴油机切换过程碳烟排放的影响

为解决相继增压柴油机在切换过程中碳烟排放急剧增加的问题,在TBD234型柴油机上建立了基于数据实时采集的压缩空气辅助试验系统,对采用喷气方法降低切换过程中碳烟排放进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:在燃气阀打开时开始喷气,喷气持续期为3s是最佳喷气策略;喷气始点提前或延长喷气持续期不能明显改善碳烟排放;喷气始点延后或者缩短喷气持续期会减弱喷气效果;与原机相比,采用最佳喷气策略可以提高切换过程中的空燃比,改善缸内燃烧过程,使烟度值降低50.5%。     

柴油机相继增压系统的理论与试验研究

在一台6缸中速船用柴油机上进行了相继增压系统的研究。试验结果表明,配有两台不同尺寸增压器的相继增压系统能显著改善柴油机的低转速性能。本研究设计加工的两个相继增压切换阀由微机根据运行工况自动控制,运作良好。一个经改善的“特征线法”程序被用以模拟计算所研究的相继增压排气管系,所得计算结果与实测相当吻合。     

柴油机相继增压系统设计及性能模拟

随着增压压力的提高，高增压柴油机低负荷问题日益突出。作为有效的解决方案之一本文对相继增压系统进行了模拟研究，同时对该系统设计上的一些问题进行了讨论。     

12V280ZJ型柴油机相继增压系统的试验研究

通过在一台12V280ZJ型柴油机上进行的相继增压系统的开发和试验研究,初步掌握了相继增压系统的设计技术,确定了合适的运行切换点及增压器切换过程中的时间控制参数,对相继增压系统对柴油机的性能影响有了更进一步的了解。     

基于缸压的船用柴油机燃烧闭环控制策略研究

针对柴油机全寿命过程中动力性下降及各缸工作不均匀的问题,以MAN 6L16/24型船用柴油机为研究对象,模拟因各缸喷油器老化而引起柴油机动力性下降和各缸工作不均匀,对比分析开环、转速闭环和燃烧闭环等不同控制策略改善柴油机动力性、工作均匀性的效果及动态控制性能,针对燃烧闭环控制转速滞后较大的问题,提出转速-燃烧闭环协同控制策略,分析了该控制策略对轨压波动和进气流道阻塞干扰因素的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,协同控制策略可有效改善柴油机各缸工作不均匀现象,提升转速响应速度。     

A cycle simulation model for predicting the performance of a diesel engine fuelled by diesel and biodiesel blends

Among the alternative fuels, biodiesel and its blends are considered suitable and the most promising fuel for diesel engine. The properties of biodiesel are found similar to that of diesel. Many researchers have experimentally evaluated the performance characteristics of conventional diesel engines fuelled by biodiesel and its blends. However, experiments require enormous effort, money and time. Hence, a cycle simulation model incorporating a thermodynamic based single zone combustion model is developed to predict the performance of diesel engine. The effect of engine speed and compression ratio on brake power and brake thermal efficiency is analysed through the model. The fuel considered for the analysis are diesel, 20%, 40%, 60% blending of diesel and biodiesel derived from Karanja oil (Pongamia Glabra). The model predicts similar performance with diesel, 20% and 40% blending. However, with 60% blending, it reveals better performance in terms of brake power and brake thermal efficiency.     

Large-scale diesel engine emission control parameters

Emission tests were carried out on a large-scale medium-speed supercharged diesel engine (∼1 MW per cylinder) with control parameters compression ratio, start of ignition (SOI) and fuel type (light and heavy fuel oil, LFO and HFO). Emissions of NO_x, CO, hydrocarbons (HC), smoke (FSN) and particulate matter (PM) were measured and are discussed in relation to the control parameters. Regarding turbocharger influence on emissions the control parameters by-pass and waste-gate are also briefly addressed.     

Performance, emissions and heat release characteristics of direct injection diesel engine operating on diesel oil emulsion

Emulsions of diesel and water are often promoted as being able to overcome the difficulty of simultaneously reducing emissions of both oxidises of nitrogen (NO_x) and particulate matter from diesel engines. In this paper we present measurements of the performance and NO_x and hydrocarbon emissions of a diesel engine operating on a typical diesel oil emulsion and examine through the use of heat release analysis differences found during its combustion relative to standard diesel in the same engine. While producing similar or greater thermal efficiency and improved NO_x and hydrocarbon emission outcomes, use of the emulsion also results in an increase in brake specific fuel consumption. Use of the emulsion is also shown to result in a retarded fuel injection, but smaller ignition delay for the same engine timing. As a result of these changes, cylinder pressures and temperatures are lower.     

Hydrogen effects on the diesel engine performance and emissions

In this research, effects of hydrogen addition on a diesel engine were investigated in terms of engine performance and emissions for four cylinders, water cooled diesel engine. Hydrogen was added through the intake port of the diesel engine. Hydrogen effects on the diesel engine were investigated with different amount (0.20, 0.40, 0.60 and 0.80 lpm) at different engine load (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% load) and the constant speed, 1800 rpm. When hydrogen amount is increased for all engine loads, it is observed an increase in brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency due to mixture formation and higher flame speed of hydrogen gas according to the results. For the 0.80 lpm hydrogen addition, exhaust temperature and NOx increased at higher loads. CO, UHC and SOOT emissions significantly decreased for hydrogen gas as additional fuel at all loads. In this study, higher decrease on SOOT emissions (up to 0.80lpm) was obtained. In addition, for 0.80 lpm hydrogen addition, the dramatic increase in NOx emissions was observed.     

A coupling dynamics and thermodynamics study of diesel pilot-ignition injection effect on hydrogen combustion of a linear engine

Linear hydrogen engine is a new type of energy conversion device to supports variable compression ratio operation for clean emission. However, the new hydrogen engine using conventional spark ignition shows slow combustion speed and low thermal efficiency. This study makes a preliminary assessment to discuss the application of diesel pilot-ignition technology in linear hydrogen engine aiming to accelerate combustion and improve efficiency. A new coupling model between dynamics and thermodynamics is proposed and then iteratively calculated to give insight the interrelationship of combustion and motion in a diesel pilot-ignited linear hydrogen engine, while the effect of injection position on the hydrogen engine combustion is also investigated to make clear the feasibility of combustion optimization. The results indicate that the linear hydrogen engine is speeded by properly advancing the injection to promote combustion, and it has a positive effect on in-cylinder gas temperature, pressure and pressure rise rate, unless the injection is too early which results in higher NO emissions and aggravate the working intensity of the engine. In addition, the closer the fuel injection is to the top dead center, the incomplete combustion of hydrogen and diesel in the cylinder, the decrease of engine fuel economy and the increase of soot emissions. There is an optimal thermal efficiency of 40.7% for the LHE when it operates in the 0.8 mm injection position condition.     

Performance of direct-injection off-road diesel engine on rapeseed oil

This article presents the comparative bench testing results of a naturally aspirated, four stroke, four cylinder, water cooled, direct injection Diesel engine operating on Diesel fuel and cold pressed rapeseed oil. The purpose of this research is to study rapeseed oil flow through the fuelling system, the effect of oil as renewable fuel on a high speed Diesel engine performance efficiency and injector coking under various loading conditions.Test results show that when fuelling a fully loaded engine with rapeseed oil, the brake specific fuel consumption at the maximum torque and rated power is correspondingly higher by 12.2 and 12.8% than that for Diesel fuel. However, the brake thermal efficiency of both fuels does not differ greatly and its maximum values remain equal to 0.37–0.38 for Diesel fuel and 0.38–0.39 for rapeseed oil. The smoke opacity at a fully opened throttle for rapeseed oil is lower by about 27–35%, however, at the easy loads its characteristics can be affected by white coloured vapours.Oil heating to the temperature of 60 °C diminishes its viscosity to 19.5 mm² s⁻¹ ensuring a smooth oil flow through the fuel filter and reducing the brake specific energy consumption at light loads by 11.7–7.4%. Further heating to the temperature of 90 °C offers no advantages in terms of performance. Special tests conducted with modified fuel injection pump revealed that coking of the injector nozzles depends on the engine performance mode. The first and second injector nozzles that operated on pure oil were more coated by carbonaceous deposits than control injector nozzles that operated simultaneously on Diesel fuel.     

Performance of a diesel engine fueled by waste cooking oil biodiesel

A direct injection diesel engine fueled by a diesel/biodiesel blend from waste cooking oil up to B100 (a blend of 100% biodiesel content) indicated a combustion efficiency rise by 1.8% at full load. The soot peak volume fraction was reduced by 15.2%, while CO and HC concentrations respectively decreased by 20 and 28.5%. The physical and chemical delay periods respectively diminished by 1.2 and 15.8% for engine noise to pronounce 6.5% reduction. Injection retarding by 5° reduced NO_x to those original levels of B0 (a blend of zero biodiesel content) and combined respective reduction magnitudes of 10 and 7% in CO and HC at 75% load. Increasing the speed reduced CO and HC respectively by 26 and 42% at 2.36 times the droplet average strain rate. By coupling the turbulence model to the spray break-up and chemical kinetics models, increasing the injection pressure simultaneously reduced CO, HC and NO_x at 17% exhaust gas recirculation ratio.