基于改进AWNN的风电功率超短期多步预测

为提高风电功率超短期多步预测精度,针对梯度修正学习算法采用随机初始化网络参数训练自适应小波神经网络(AWNN)易陷入局部最优的缺点,将粒子群(PSO)算法和差分进化(DE)算法相结合,提出利用IPSO-DE算法优化AWNN的初始化网络参数,得到改进AWNN模型(IAWNN)并将其用于风电功率超短期多步预测。仿真结果表明:IPSO-DE算法优化AWNN初始化网络参数的性能优于IPSO算法、DE算法和梯度修正学习算法,所提改进模型的多步预测性能优于AWNN模型、持续法(PM)模型和BP神经网络(BPNN)模型。     

基于最优匹配机制的微电网P2P交易策略研究

针对用户参加P2P市场的积极性不高问题,提出了一种心理动机模型,制定针对不同场景的电价定价策略和用户优先级策略,提高用户P2P交易的参与度.针对交易市场存在的能源失衡问题,提出了一种智能配电系统中微电网最优联盟匹配机制,确定微网间的最优联盟;设计一种层次联盟形成机制,形成微电网用户联盟.最后通过仿真分析验证了所提交易策...     

电力配电网络节能调度模型的仿真

摘要： 为了应对越来越严峻的能源和环境形势,我国颁布并实施了电力配电网络节能调度方法,但该方法只提供了基本调度原则,缺少符合政策的节能调度模型。为了解决上述问题,在分析现有节能调度模型不足的基础上,提出一种综合考虑能耗和排放的电力配电网络节能调度模型,给出了综合考虑能耗和排放的电力配电网络节能调度目标函数,综合分析了SO2排放量与脱硫效率,针对提出的目标函数,介绍了其机组排序约束、常规机组特性约束、机组正负旋转备用约束,机组的最大最小出力约束、机组爬坡约束及线路潮流约束,在此基础上,采用粒子群算法对目标函数进行求解。在标准粒子群算法的基础上引入惯性权重因子,以优化粒子群算法的收敛性,从而实现电力配电网络节能调度模型的建立。仿真实验结果表明,所提模型具有很高的节能性能,且收敛速度快。     

主动配电网分布式经济调度的通信拓扑优化

主动配电网采用基于局部通信的分布式经济调度算法能够有效控制网络中的分布式电源经济安全运行。针对优化局部通信网络的权重参数有助于提高分布式调度算法的性能,在分析分布式算法性能影响因素的基础上,提出了分布式调度通信拓扑优化的数学规划模型,该模型以最小化通信网络邻接矩阵第二大特征根为优化目标将通信拓扑优化问题转化为半定规划;通过算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于网络测量的P4P CDN自动构建策略研究

针对运营商必须参与才能完成电信运营商主动参与P2P网络(Proactive network Provider Participation for P2P,P4P)组网的这一P4P内容分发网络(Content Delivery Network,CDN)组网缺陷,文章提出了基于网络测量的P4P CDN自动构建策略,脱离了运营商的束缚,在没有运营商参与的情况下,就可以自动构建一张P4P CDN。采用网络测量子系统,对各个节点所属的运营商以及各个节点到缓存节点的距离及网络状况进行测量,最终围绕各个CDN边缘缓存节点,自动构建自治域,提高了P4P CDN节点服务域的合理性及P4P CDN服务能力的稳定性。     

基于深度学习的绝缘子缺失检测方法研究

绝缘子缺陷严重影响输电线路安全,航拍图像绝缘子缺失的有效识别是无人机线路巡检。提出一种轻量级网络的绝缘子缺失检测模型,使用轻量级网络MobileNetV3替换YOLOv4模型的CSPDarknet53网络。以分割性能和计算速度为判据,综合分析比较了YOLOv4模型和使用轻量型网络对其主干网络替换后的模型在绝缘子缺失检测上的性能,实验结果表明：筛选的YOLOv4-MobileNetV3轻量级网络绝缘子缺失检测模型能够准确定位图像中单、多目标绝缘子;改进后YOLOv4-MobileNetV3检测模型比原模型的体积减少了78%,FPS提升了4.85 f/s,而mAP仅降低0.6%。提出的绝缘子缺失检测方法能够满足无人机电力线路巡检的需求。     

换热网络优化中换热单元均布处理的周期性影响分析

为了避免相邻换热单元之间无法产生新换热单元,提升节点非结构模型在算法优化中的适应性,基于换热单元均布策略分析了均布周期对换热网络进化的影响,提出加权均布策略。结果表明:均布策略只在相邻换热单元之间产生新换热单元时才会产生一定影响,且均布策略的采用周期过大或过小都会对换热网络优化产生不利影响;通过两个不同规模的算例进行验证,得到的结果分别为5 169 910和1 511 549$/a;加权均布策略能够提高算法在节点非结构模型中的优化性能。     

电站煤粉锅炉燃烧优化预数值计算研究综述

通过对目前燃煤电厂锅炉燃烧工况的监测和优化方法,以及进行优化所运用的人工智能控制算法等先进理论进行分析研究,选取最具代表性的BP神经网络作为计算模型,分析影响BP网络收敛速度和泛化能力等因素,提出了对BP算法的改进方案。     

应用多模型粒子群优化算法的过热汽温模糊控制

针对单一模型的粒子群参数优化算法存在鲁棒性差的问题，提出一种应用多模型粒子群参数优化的方法，将其应用于模糊控制器参数的优化，有效地避免了模糊控制器设计中复杂的参数调试，使其获得良好的控制品质。通过对锅炉过热汽温系统的仿真实验，在负荷大范围变化的条件下，控制系统仍保持了良好的控制性能，并且具有较强的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明了所设计的控制器的有效性和所提出的优化算法的优越性。图6表2参11     

基于支持向量机的锅炉过热系统建模研究

由于锅炉过热系统具有强非线性、时变性的特点,采用常规方法建立其数学模型十分困难,因此提出了一种基于支持向量机和过程机理的过热系统建模方法。该方法利用机理模型产生的相关训练数据,对支持向量机网络进行训练,使之能够很好地逼近过热系统这一非线性模型,同时利用不相关的数据样本对其泛化性能进行验证。从仿真结果可以看出,采用内点法优化后的支持向量机网络,经3.18 s后收敛,学习的最大误差不超过0.035℃。因此,该方法可以有效地对系统进行建模,仿真精度高,并且不仅仅是对过热系统,同时也适用于整个锅炉系统的建模。     

基于P2P的电力潮流的冗余计算模式

阐述了P2P的网络计算模式的优点,计算模式采取灵活的对等式和动态交互式调度管理。针对潮流计算的特点,提出了基于P2P的冗余计算模式,这种冗余计算实现形式虽然也是对同一个问题进行计算,但不是进行同样的处理,而是对不同的划分方案采取主方案和辅助方案的方式同时进行计算,可以提高计算准确性,还可起到容错性效果。算例的计算结果表明了这种计算模式的有效性。     

An optimal P2P energy trading model for smart homes in the smart grid

This research addresses a demand side management (DSM) system coordinated with Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading among the households in the smart grid. It considers the components which have significant impact on cost optimization, e.g., storage, renewables, and microgrid. The model utilizes load and source scheduling, and energy trading strategies for cost optimization. It also addresses the inconvenience created to the users by delaying certain tasks. The contributions of the research are threefold. First, to our knowledge, this is the first optimal model which integrates DSM with P2P energy trading. The solutions of the proposed model determine optimal microgrid energy and price for P2P trading, which was not considered previously. Second, P2P energy trading in the microgrid potentially results in an unfair cost distribution among the participating households. We address this unfair cost distribution problem by employing Pareto optimality, ensuring that no households will be worse off to improve the cost of others. Third, our proposed trading strategy considers total cost optimization in a microgrid. The model utilizes all available energy to minimize energy cost. Therefore, there is a very low risk of energy waste, which is typically neglected in other energy trading strategies.     

P系列双弹簧喷油器的开发

为进一步降低柴油机的排放和噪声 ,满足国家对柴油机的排放法规日益严格的要求。针对一汽集团公司主导产品CA6DF柴油机的结构、系统配置 ,在原机使用P系列单弹簧喷油器基础上 ,开发了P系列双弹簧喷油器 ,其特点 :结构简单合理、生产继承性好、相对成本较低并保持喷油嘴偶件通用 ,能实现先缓后急的喷油规律 ,使柴油机保持良好动力性和经济性的同时 ,有效降低NOX 排放和燃烧噪声。     

考虑需求响应和V2G的低碳能源网控制策略

为平抑大量电动汽车(EV)入网所致的负荷波动,实现能源网低碳电力运行,通过结合V2G和P2G技术,将电力系统与天然气系统之间的能量耦合。先引入需求响应策略建立负荷侧分时电价,引导大规模EV参与V2G系统,改变用户的用能时段;其次考虑碳排放环境因素建立低碳能源网模型,以经济性最优为目标利用禁忌-粒子群算法进行求解;最后利用算例对比分析了低碳能源网的能量调度和运行成本情况,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

P系列双弹簧喷油器与CA498柴油机的匹配研究

在一台498增压中冷柴油机上对开发的P系列双弹簧喷油器与普通P系列单弹簧喷油器进行了性能、排放、噪声及低速稳定性等一系列匹配试验研究，结果表明：使用P系列双弹簧喷油器能在保持柴油机动力性、经济性原有较好水平的前提下，明显地改善低速稳定性、NOx排放以及降低柴油机噪声(燃烧噪声)。     

Facile preparation of N,P co-doped molybdenum carbide / porous carbon rough microspheres for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Despite that diverse carbon materials have been designed as framework to anchor molybdenum carbide to efficiently improve catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), simply and uniformly hybridizing Mo and carbon source to form well-defined heteroatom-doped Mo₂C/carbon nanostructure using suitable precursors to expose the more active sites and optimize electron structure Mo₂C is still great challenge. Herein, we design and fabricate N, P-co-doped molybdenum carbide/porous carbon hybrid rough microspheres by a simple hydrothermal and followed annealing method using red jujube and phosphomolybdic acid as carbon and Mo source, respectively. Benefiting from carbon framework derived from red jujube inhibiting the aggregation of Mo₂C nanoparticles, N, P co-doping changing the electro-structure of the adjacent Mo and C atoms, and rough micro-spherical structure increasing the electrolyte-active materials contact surface, the resulting material exhibits high electrocatalytic performance with a low overpotential of 103 and 80 mV at current densities of 10 mA cm⁻², a small Tafel slope of 57 and 46 mV dec⁻¹, respectively, in acidic and alkaline electrolyte, and excellent stability. The convenient resource, facile preparation and high performance make this material showing great potential in cost effective hydrogen production.     

P2P energy trading via public power networks: Practical challenges,emerging solutions,and the way forward

Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is an emerging energy supply paradigm where customers with distributed energy resources (DERs) are allowed to directly trade and share electricity with each other. P2P energy trading can facilitate local power and energy balance, thus being a potential way to manage the rapidly increasing number of DERs in net zero transition. It is of great importance to explore P2P energy trading via public power networks, to which most DERs are connected. Despite the extensive research on P2P energy trading, there has been little large-scale commercial deployment in practice across the world. In this paper, the practical challenges of conducting P2P energy trading via public power networks are identified and presented, based on the analysis of a practical Local Virtual Private Networks (LVPNs) case in North Wales, UK. The ongoing efforts and emerging solutions to tackling the challenges are then summarized and critically reviewed. Finally, the way forward for facilitating P2P energy trading via public power networks is proposed.     

A novel in-situ strategy develops for Mo2C nanoparticles incorporated on N,P co-doped stereotaxically carbon as efficient electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

Developing cost-effective and remarkable electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performs excelling role in boosting the hydrogen energy application. Herein, a novel in-situ one-pot strategy is developed for the first time to synthesize molybdenum carbide nanoparticles (Mo₂C NPs) incorporated on nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) co-doped stereotaxically carbon (SC). The optimized Mo₂C NPs/N, P–SC–800 electrocatalyst exhibits lower overpotentials of 131 and 287 mV for HER and OER to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^?2 in 1.0 M KOH medium with smaller Tafel slopes of 58.9 and 74.4 mV/dec, respectively. In addition, an electrolyzer using Mo₂C NPs/N, P–SC–800 electrode as cathode and anode delivers a current density of 10 mA cm^?2 at a small voltage of 1.64 V for overall water splitting. The excellent water splitting performance could be ascribed to optimum Mo₂C NPs for more accessible active sites, highly active N, P-SC networks for accelerated electron transfers, and synergetic effect between Mo₂C NPs and N, P-SC networks. The N, P-SC network not only enhances the overall dispersion of Mo₂C NPs but also contributes numerous electroactive edges to enhance the performance of HER, OER, and overall water splitting activity. This research work explores the in-situ one-step strategies of advanced, cost-effective, and non-precious metal electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting and motivates the consideration of a novel class of heteroatom doped stereotaxically carbon nanocomposites for sustainable energy production.     

Integration of hydrogen storage system and solar panels in smart buildings

In the residential area, the cost of the electricity is at the maximum level during the peak demand periods. Regarding this, the peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading strategy is a hopeful and practical solution to deal with this problem. Also, in the P2P home energy management system, the buildings have become more flexible by sharing their powers to meet their electricity demands. In this work, we have considered three buildings, in which two of them are equipped with solar panels, and in the third one, the hydrogen source is established. In the proposed residential zone, the considered buildings are connected in order to perform P2P transactions to reduce the energy billing. The operator of the system is wholly investigated under uncertain conditions based on the downside risk constraint (DRC) method in both risk-averse and risk-neutral models. With the help of a P2P energy trading strategy as well as renewable energy resources, we can provide electricity to customers in remote areas where it is not possible to supply electricity or is not economically beneficial. Based on the obtained results, the function of the proposed system has manifested in an acceptable manner. For instance, in the solar panel function in the second building, the amount of generated solar power is 30 kW in the risk-averse model, whereas, in the risk-neutral model, it is 18 kW. On the other hand, the level of consumed electricity by the electrolyzer system is generally lower in the risk-averse model than risk-neutral model in the second season.     

S-scheme heterojunction of CuBi2O4 supported Na doped P25 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution

Rational design and construction of Step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalyst have attracted considerable attention in the photocatalytic field. In this study, a series of Step-scheme (S-scheme) CuBi₂O₄/Na doped P25 photocatalysts (CBO/Na–P25) were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method. CBO/Na–P25 photocatalyst without co-catalyst exhibited good photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution, and the H₂ yield rate of the 7.5%CBO/Na–P25 sample achieved 2695.73 μmol/g_cat/h after 4 h of illumination, which was more than 37.8, 13.7 and above 100 times those of pure P25, Na–P25 and CuBi₂O₄. The calculated apparent band gap of P25 decreased by Na doping and the construction of CuBi₂O₄/Na–P25 heterojunction contributed to efficient interfacial charge separation. Meanwhile, the S-scheme carrier transfer mechanism for the CuBi₂O₄/Na–P25 heterojunction photocatalyst was verified by the experimental results under different light wavelengths. This work demonstrated that the P25 based S-scheme heterojunction is a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution.