水源热泵空调系统不同末端性能分析

以辽宁某医院的空调系统为例,对水源热泵分别与风机盘管及毛细管网联合运行的2种空调系统的运行能效进行对比研究。通过运行数据分析可知,制热时水源热泵与风机盘管系统COP为2.72,水源热泵与毛细管网系统COP为4.21;制冷时水源热泵与风机盘管系统COP为5.82,水源热泵与毛细管网系统COP为7.78。水源热泵与毛细管网末端联合运行的空调系统运行能效均高于水源热泵与风机盘管末端系统的运行能效,具有明显优越性。     

既有四星级酒店综合节能改造案例介绍

根据历史能耗数据分析了该酒店在空调及热水系统冷热源及照明上的节能潜力,指出该酒店原风冷热泵系统效率低下、冬季运行不稳定,原电加热水器效率低,并由于设备使用年限已久,无法保证热水品质,灯具不是高效灯具等问题,通过现场测试及对其历史用能数据的深入分析,寻找节能潜力,给出了相应的节能改造方案,应用磁悬浮冷机完成了对既有风冷热泵的更新,同时完成了对酒店空调水系统、生活热水系统及照明系统的综合节能改造,实现了综合节能率约25%,取得了良好的效果,可以为相似项目提供借鉴。     

太阳能驱动转轮空调在近零能耗建筑中的应用

为实现近零能耗建筑能耗指标，提出一种热管型转轮除湿空调系统应用于湿热地区近零能耗建筑，并可通过三种太阳能系统驱动。在TRNSYS中进行建模，用搭建的实验平台进行实验验证。动态模拟太阳能驱动转轮空调系统全年运行情况。模拟结果表明：室外新风经太阳能驱动转轮空调系统处理后，可使室内温湿度满足人体热舒适性要求，其中采用光伏光热系统的热管型转轮除湿空调系统的耗电量最低，性能系数（COP）最高可达2.1，与传统空调系统相比，COP提高两倍，年平均能耗降低64.7%。     

光伏直驱冰蓄冷空调系统性能分析

为克服太阳能空调间隙性制冷,解决长时间稳定供冷问题,搭建一种光伏直驱冰蓄冷空调系统。针对系统在不同工况下运行稳定性以及不同工作模式下蓄冷供冷特性进行实验研究。实验表明,系统采用19 m~2光伏组件,保障系统稳定运行的辐照度下限为148 W/m~2。系统采用制冰蓄冷后融冰供冷模式运行,制冷系统额定输入电功率为2.2 kW,制冰量为165 kg,COP为0.23。研究发现,制冰蓄冷过程中系统COP随蒸发器表面冰层厚度的增加而减少,因此优化系统运行模式为制冰蓄冷并同时融冰供冷模式,COP达到0.36,较优化前提升56%。     

某高层酒店建筑空调系统节能改造分析

依据能源审计报告,并经过现场充分调研分析,对上海某酒店空调系统进行了节能改造;通过对冷水机组更新换代、燃气热水锅炉替代更新、水系统优化设计、增设M-BMS多智能体自适应高效节能控制系统等措施,使得冷水机组的COP由4.9提高到7.3,提升49%,冷源系统的COP由3.38提升到4.87,效率提高44.08%;使整个系统年节约费用84.5万元,整体节费率达18%,年节约标准煤280.9 t,达到节能改造的目的。     

某厂房全新风恒温低湿空调系统的能耗分析

对某厂房全新风恒温低湿空调系统的性能参数进行计算,在此基础上采用焓频法对其全年运行能耗进行分析,得出空调系统的运行COP曲线。对空调系统所能回收的能量进行分析计算,结果表明：采用冷凝热回收加热再生空气的方案最具有可行性。空调系统每年可节省耗电量13803kWh,占年总耗电量4．13％。     

夏季工况条件下空调/冷柜一体机性能实验研究

空调冷柜一体机系统是通过中间冷却器将空调与冷柜耦合,可以将空调系统中的部分制冷剂节流至中间冷却器对冷柜系统中的制冷剂进行过冷以提升其系统性能。实验研究了夏季工况条件下冷柜温度、室外环境温度及质量流量比对一体机系统制冷量及COP的影响。实验结果表明:在夏季工况条件下,冷柜系统的制冷量和COP随质量流量比的增大而增大,但质量流量比大于12%后其增速放缓;空调系统制冷量随质量流量比的增大而减小,而其COP随质量流量比的增大而略有增大。综合分析认为夏季工况条件下,质量流量比控制在8%～12%时可以提高空调及冷柜系统COP,同时空调器制冷量衰减也较小。     

某档案馆空调系统测试与能耗分析

为了掌握档案馆空调系统的实际运行与能耗状况,对其空调系统进行了夏季能耗测试。根据实测结果,分析了空调系统主要组成部分的电耗、冷水机组和空调水系统的能效、室内热环境状况。研究表明,该档案馆空调系统存在设计选型偏大、设备运行效率低、系统结构不合理、运行管理不规范等诸多问题,在分析测试与调研结果的基础上,针对其空调系统设计及运行中存在的问题,提出了空调系统节能运行管理的若干建议,阐明了节能技术在公共建筑空调系统中的节能潜力是十分巨大的。     

重庆市酒店类建筑能耗调查及节能潜力分析

在对重庆市5家典型三星级以上酒店年用电量及空调系统运行调研的基础上,分析重庆市酒店类建筑的能耗特点,探讨空调系统及管理方面各分项节能潜力,为解决重庆市酒店类建筑能耗问题提供一些基础性数据。     

热经济系数法及其在空调方案选择中的应用

本文导出了一种对用能系统进行热经济决策的新方法－热经济系数法，用此方法分析比较了酒店空调系统可常用制冷方案的热经济性，针对某酒店的具体负荷特点，进行了空调方案的选择。     

热能驱动与电能驱动空调系统技术经济性比较方法

针对不同型式的热能驱动和电能驱动空调系统,提出了一种定量的技术经济性比较分析方法,使得热能驱动和电能驱动空调系统可以进行“当量”比较。根据所定义的“基础能源消耗量”、“当量电能性能系数”和“年均空调节电量”、“年均空调费用”,可对热参驱动的吸收式空调系统、除湿冷却型空调系统、电能驱动的蒸汽压缩式空调系统进行对比分析。     

重庆市某大型酒店建筑能耗及节能措施分析

介绍重庆市某大型酒店空调系统的使用概况和负荷特征,分析该酒店建筑的能耗情况,提出降低该酒店建筑能耗的一些可行的技术和管理措施及建议。     

国内投资驱动型能源消费研究——基于投入产出模型

目前,能源消费问题越来越成为人们关注的重点,而由能源消费所引起的相关问题也越来越严重.本文基于投入产出模型,分别从全国及行业层面对2002-2010年投资驱动型能源消费进行定量分析.结果表明,近些年来,投资驱动型能源消费总量逐年增加且其在我国能源消费总量中所占的比重越来越大.从行业层面来看,建筑业和制造业由于国内投资引起的能源消费量居高不下,其在投资驱动型能源消费方面起着重要的作用.     

Electricity end-uses in the residential sector of Brazil

The residential energy consumption has been studied in many countries as it usually accounts for a large percentage of the total energy consumption. Energy end-uses have also been a matter of concern as they can assist energy system planning. The objective of this paper is to assess the actual scenario of electricity consumption and estimate electricity end-uses in the residential sector of Brazil for different bioclimatic zones. The analysis is based on a survey performed by 17 energy utilities enclosing a total of 17,643 houses or flats over 12 states in Brazil. The survey was performed to obtain electricity consumption data for all household appliances found in houses and flats. The electricity end-uses were estimated by performing weighted averages according to the location of the dwellings in each bioclimatic zone. Results indicate that the largest end-uses are for refrigerator and freezer together, which account for about 38–49% of the electricity consumption in dwellings in Brazil. Air-conditioning and electric shower are the end-uses that are more dependent on the climatic conditions. The main conclusion that can be made from the analysis is that air-conditioning should be a major concern in the residential sector of Brazil in the near future as its ownership is still low, but its electricity consumption is already significant mainly over summer.     

重庆市酒店类建筑用能现状与节能潜力分析

在对重庆市公共建筑运行能耗及中央空调系统管理现状调查分析的基础上，并与国内外同类建筑相比较，针对酒店类建筑的能耗特点对影响建筑终端用能系统的能源消费量的因素进行探讨，分析了既有酒店类建筑的节能潜力值，提出了对既有高能耗酒店进行节能技术改造和加强节能管理的主要途径。     

Development of energy efficiency improvement in the Tunisian hotel sector: a case study

Tunisia expects a very large growth in energy demand but Tunisian' indigenous energy resources are limited. Today Tunisian' energy resources meet the total primary energy demand. In short time Tunisia will become an importer country for primary energy.Energy consumption and conservation in Tunisia has received growing attention in recent years. This paper presents the results and analysis from the data collected during the energy audits of a hotel unit located in the center of Tunis during the years 1987, 1996 and 2002. Two energy conservation measures were carried out to investigate the energy savings after two energy audits. The objective was to obtain a quantified energy saved from the effects of efficient technologies.Based on the findings presented in this paper it is suggested there exists significant energy savings potentials for the Tunisian hotel industry.     

Energy and economic performance analysis of an open cycle solar desiccant dehumidification air-conditioning system for application in Hong Kong

In this article, a transient simulation model and the EnergyPlus were used to study the energy performance and economical feasibility for integrating a solar liquid desiccant dehumidification system with a conventional vapor compression air-conditioning system for the weather condition of Hong Kong. The vapor compression system capacity in the solar assisted air-conditioning system can be reduced to 19 kW from original 28 kW of a conventional air-conditioning system as a case study due to the solar desiccant cooling. The economical performance of the solar desiccant dehumidification system is compared with that of the conventional air-conditioning system. The results show that the energy saving potentials due to incorporation of the solar desiccant dehumidification system in a traditional air-conditioning system is significant for the hot wet weather in Hong Kong due to higher COP resulted from higher supply chilled water temperature from chiller plants. The annual operation energy savings for the hybrid system is 6760 kWh and the payback period of the hybrid system is around 7 years. The study shows that the solar assisted air-conditioning is a viable technology for utilizations in subtropical areas.     

Solar-powered dual absorption system: selection criteria using fuzzy decision analysis

The absorption system is one of the most suitable types of system for air-conditioning use. In addition, it has the advantage of being able to be powered by solar energy. In hot climates this type of system requires a wet cooling tower which consumes a huge amount of water. In arid zones, where solar energy is available, water is usually rare. In such environments it is highly recommended that the use of wet cooling towers be avoided because of their large water consumption. The dual cycle may be used in arid zones. It has the advantage of avoiding the use of the wet cooling tower. However, its coefficient of performance (COP) is very low. This can create misleading results; therefore, the COP should not be considered as the sole criterion of performance.The main aim of this paper is to introduce a Multi-Attribute Fuzzy Decision Analysis Package to differentiate between the dual and simple cycles in order to establish which is the more suitable for air conditioning. Nine criteria—and more than twenty-seven subcriteria—were considered and the package run result was in favour of the dual cycle.     

Aquifer thermal storage (ATES) for air-conditioning of a supermarket in Turkey

A heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system with integrated aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) was designed for a supermarket building in Mersin, a city near the Mediterranean coast in Turkey (36° 49′ N and 34° 36′ E). This is the first ATES application carried out in Turkey. The peak cooling and heating loads of the building are 195 and 74 kW, respectively. The general objective of the system is to use the groundwater from the aquifer to cool down the condenser of the HVAC system and at the same time storing this waste heat in the aquifer. Cooling with groundwater at around 18 °C instead of utilizing outside summer air at 30–35 °C decreases consumption of electrical energy significantly. In addition, stored heat can be recovered when it is needed in winter. The HVAC system with ATES started operation in August 2001 in cooling mode with an average coefficient of performance (COP) of 4.18, which is almost 60% higher than a conventional system.