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1.
作为一种非常有吸引力的稠油热采新工艺,井下蒸汽发生器在美国一些油田已有应用.本文阐述了井下蒸汽发生器的结构特点及方案构思,研究了燃烧室的回流区、流场及温度场等,讨论了各因素对燃烧的影响.为高压燃烧井下蒸发器的设计提供了可靠的依据.图9表1参14  相似文献   

2.
朱新立 《节能技术》2009,27(4):347-348,374
本文介绍的过热蒸汽装置技术首次将普通锅炉软化水产生的湿饱和蒸汽直接过热,根据稠油热采工艺需要生产出蒸汽温度(320~400)℃,过热度(30~100)℃的过热蒸汽,用于稠油油田注过热蒸汽吞吐开采,试图对传统注湿饱和蒸汽稠油热采进行技术革命,为稠油油田高效开发提供了新途径。哈萨克斯坦肯基亚克盐上稠油实验区现场运行表明:注过热蒸汽较普通热采的驱油效率提高6%~12%以上,单井稠油产量相对第一轮常规湿饱和蒸汽吞吐平均日增油量达1~8t,并普遍延长了注过热蒸汽井的生产周期,是一项可提高稠油开发效果的有效措施,对实现稠油热采领域节能降耗具有重要意义。  相似文献   

3.
稠油开采的主要方式为稠油热采.稠油热注优化调控系统的建立与应用是有效实施稠油热采的重要途径和技术保证,它可实现稠油热采按优化方案进行锅炉产汽与井口注汽.介绍了该系统的技术特点,并提出了需解决的技术难题,通过建立系统的数学模型,研究其可行性,最后得出稠油热注优化调控系统的建立与应用,能明显提高油田采收率和稠油热采经济性,大幅提高稠油热采的科学性和信息化水平.  相似文献   

4.
江37区块作为采油九厂第一个稠油开发试验区,已经进行了3年的蒸汽吞吐热采试验,目前油井已进入第四轮蒸汽吞吐开采阶段。随着热采试验的不断深入,试验区的含水上升快、井间干扰严重,油层平面和纵向动用不均、储量动用差等问题日益显现,严重影响了试验区的稠油开发。针对这些问题和矛盾,在研究稠油蒸汽吞吐开发模式和递减规律的基础上,提出了改善蒸汽吞吐阶段开发效果的有效方法和途径,为下步试验区的稠油热采试验提供一定的借鉴。通过现场试验证实,提高蒸汽干度、多井整体吞吐和水平井试验,是改善薄层稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐效果的有效途径,其中提高蒸汽干度可以降低单位注入热量的注水当量,减少近井地带的冷凝水饱和度;多井整体吞吐可以有效解决油井之间因注汽而相互干扰的问题;水平井由于其吸汽能力强,开发效果远好于普通直井。  相似文献   

5.
我国稠油资源探明和控制储量已达16×108t,是继美国、加拿大和委内瑞拉之后的世界第四大稠油生产国。我国热力采油年产量在1500×104t以上,但热力采油常用的蒸汽吞吐技术目前大部分进入高轮次、高含水阶段,亟需合适的吞吐后接替技术,且深层和超稠油油藏开发技术未取得突破性进展,使相当一部分超稠油资源未能有效动用。对国外稠油热采技术发展现状、研发趋势进行探讨。世界范围内,随着稠油在油气资源中所占比例的不断增大,热采技术的研发热度与应用规模也不断增强,热采技术与其他科学技术的结合更为紧密,技术集成化的趋势非常突出。同时,对国外针对不同油藏类型,研究、优化的多种热采新技术进行了论述,例如水平井交替蒸汽驱技术,顶部注汽、底部采油技术,强底水稠油油藏单井油水同采技术,单燃料热裂解技术等。  相似文献   

6.
介绍DPS型蒸汽掺热装置的工作原理、基本结构性能特点以及在新疆油田稠油热采冬季采暖中的应用.  相似文献   

7.
为提高辽河油田稠油采收率,研制了过热蒸汽装置。为适应现场的水质情况,装置采用蒸汽干度、过热度控制技术,及积盐监测技术,确保了装置安全稳定运行。实现了将处理后稠油采出水产生的湿饱和蒸汽直接过热,用于超稠油油田的注过热蒸汽吞吐开采,并在现场试验中产生了比常规湿饱和蒸汽热采更好的采油效果。  相似文献   

8.
新式节能型蒸汽气体发生器   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
仲如冰  魏善全 《节能技术》1999,17(3):28-28,34
热蒸汽驱油是油田开采稠油的一种重要手段。本文介绍的蒸汽发生器改变了传统的锅炉间接换热的方式,采用高温烟气与雾化水直接换热方式实现了低耗高效的蒸汽供给。  相似文献   

9.
油田地下蒸汽管道系统蒸汽干度计算方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蒸汽吞吐是稠油开采的主导工艺技术,蒸汽干度是注汽工艺的主要参数,提高井底蒸汽干度是提高热采经济效益的核心问题.为了实现注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的高质量控制,提出一种蒸汽干度计算方法,此方法通过首先计算沿程摩擦阻力,然后求出该点的蒸汽温度,进而求出管段的热损失,最后可求出管道内任意处的蒸汽干度.该方案研究了输汽管道系统蒸汽干度的变化情况,为热采输汽系统工艺设计提供参考.  相似文献   

10.
热力采油是稠油开发中最主要的开采方式,中国海上稠油储量大,稠油油田的合理高效开发,对海上油田的增产稳产具有重要意义。受海上特殊的自然环境、空间等条件限制,直到2008年,我国才在渤海湾南堡油区完成了海上第一口热采井的先导性试验项目,填补了国内海上稠油热采领域的空白,为多元热流体热采技术的发展和现场应用积累了经验。从多元热流体吞吐热采机理、多元热流体设备改造及作业流程设计、制氮设备在多元热流体吞吐热采中的应用、注入热流体管线的设计和预制、热采井口及井筒结构设计、多元热流体吞吐注采方案、多元热流体吞吐热采施工程序、多元热流体吞吐热采经济评价等方面,介绍了我国第一口海上多元热流体吞吐作业的工艺设计方法和实施方案。实施海上多元热流体吞吐热采工艺,对改善海上稠油开发效果、促进海上稠油高效开发具有指导作用。  相似文献   

11.
This study presents a thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production from an autothermal reforming of crude glycerol derived from a biodiesel production process. As a composition of crude glycerol depends on feedstock and processes used in biodiesel production, a mixture of glycerol and methanol, major components in crude glycerol, at different ratios was used to investigate its effect on the autothermal reforming process. Equilibrium compositions of reforming gas obtained were determined as a function of temperature, steam to crude glycerol ratio, and oxygen to crude glycerol ratio. The results showed that at isothermal condition, raising operating temperature increases hydrogen yield, whereas increasing steam to crude glycerol and oxygen to crude glycerol ratios causes a reduction of hydrogen concentration. However, high temperature operation also promotes CO formation which would hinder the performance of low-temperature fuel cells. The steam to crude glycerol ratio is a key factor to reduce the extent of CO but a dilution effect of steam should be considered if reforming gas is fed to fuel cells. An increase in the ratio of glycerol to methanol in crude glycerol can increase the amount of hydrogen produced. In addition, an optimal operating condition of glycerol autothermal reforming at a thermoneutral condition that no external heat to sustain the reformer operation is required, was investigated.  相似文献   

12.
佟爽  刘永建 《中外能源》2012,17(1):47-50
稠油油藏开发过程中,受油藏层间非均质性、渗透率变化、原油性质差异、不利的流度比、重力分离、井距和油藏倾斜,以及原油黏度大、密度大、流动性差等因素的影响和制约,降低了蒸汽利用率和体积波及系数,导致油井吸汽剖面不均匀,含水率高、采出程度低,影响稠油油藏的高效开发.为解决这一问题,目前主要采取调剖堵水的方法来控制油井含水上升,进而提高原油采收率.稠油油藏主要采用热力采油方式,要求所使用的堵剂必须同时具备长期耐蒸汽温度和蒸汽冲刷的特性,以实现深度调剖和封堵汽窜通道的作用.本文所指的抗高温调剖剂,主要针对油藏温度高达250℃以上的稠油油田.分析固体颗粒型调剖剂、抗高温凝胶类调剖剂、高温泡沫调剖剂的原理及其在国内外的发展和应用状况,并对抗高温堵剂的发展方向进行展望.  相似文献   

13.
欢喜岭油田提高稠油采收率技术应用实践   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
范英才 《中外能源》2009,14(7):52-55
欢喜岭油田稠油油藏经过20多年开发已进入“两高一低”,即高含水、高采出程度和低油汽比的开采阶段,常规蒸汽吞吐开发方式面临诸多矛盾,进一步提高采收率难度大。为此,开展了稠油蒸汽吞吐转换为蒸汽驱、利用水平井技术实现老油田“二次开发”及提高稠油吞吐井开发效果配套技术(包括分层注汽、组合注汽、水平井多点注汽、水平井双管注汽、化学辅助吞吐等)的研究与应用。措施实施后,累计增产原油110.6×104t,创经济效益11.7亿元。  相似文献   

14.
Hydrogen is produced on a large scale by a wide variety of processes starting with feedstocks like natural gas, crude oil products to coal as well as water-using processes like steam reforming, partial oxidation, coal gasification, metal-water processes and electrolysis. Hydrogen is also recovered from various gas streams especially in refineries.Depending on the basic energy scenarios to be used, steam reforming natural gas will remain the major hydrogen source from today till tomorrow, i.e. the turn of the century. Coal gasification will significantly increase in its share for hydrogen production. This will be achieved via newly developed coal gasification processes.The development of thermochemical hydrogen production technology as well as biological hydrogen production technologies will progress, but their widespread application remains to be seen in the next century.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

As per the way of heat transfer and its main characteristics for oil tank, the theoretical model of steam coil heating in large oil storage tanks was established. The Visual Basic language was applied for calculating the temperature field of crude oil in the heating process by the trial method procedure, and the variation law of temperature field and the energy effective utilization rate of oil tank could be obtained. Results show that the temperature of crude oil and the energy effective utilization rate became higher with the increase of the ambient temperature, steam pressure, and the reduction of storage liquid level. The temperature of crude oil near the steam coil became higher with the increase of steam pressure. The oil temperature at the tank outlet presented periodic change, which was affected simultaneously by the steam pressure and the ambient temperature.  相似文献   

16.
王国栋 《中外能源》2014,(10):44-46
杜229块兴隆台油藏为中厚互层状超稠油油藏,单层厚度薄、储层物性好、原油黏度高,已进入蒸汽吞吐末期,综合含水率快速上升,产量递减严重,亟需实施开发方式转换。针对该区块蒸汽吞吐后期的特点,运用开发机理研究、数值模拟研究等方法,论证了超稠油蒸汽驱的可行性,并于2007年规划了7个70m井距"反九点"井组,开展蒸汽驱先导试验。经过8年的探索与实践,先导试验取得成功,井组年产油由转驱前的4.1×104t上升至5×104t左右,油汽比为0.17,采注比为1.09,采出程度达到53.8%,各项指标达到国际先进水平。通过对历史生产资料及监测资料分析研究,初步形成了超稠油蒸汽驱"先连通、再驱替"的驱油机理,掌握了影响生产效果的各项主要因素,总结了汽驱阶段的动态调控理念及方法。该试验的成功实施,突破了超稠油不能实施蒸汽驱的认识禁区。  相似文献   

17.
油价的持续高涨,以及石油作为一种战略性资源,我国各大油田加快了稠油的开采力度.油田热采用蒸汽锅炉是稠油开采的关键设备,为了降低开采成本,各大油田提出了采用燃煤替代原有的燃油热采用锅炉,提出了解决这一问题的办法.  相似文献   

18.
Hydrogen production from renewable resources has received extensive attention recently for a sustainable and renewable future. In this study, hydrogen was produced from catalytic steam reforming of the aqueous fraction of crude bio-oil, which was obtained from pyrolysis of biomass. Five Ni–Al catalysts modified with Ca, Ce, Mg, Mn and Zn were investigated using a fixed-bed reactor. Optimized process conditions were obtained with a steam reforming temperature of 800 °C and a steam to carbon ratio of 3.54. The life time of the catalysts in terms of stability of hydrogen production and prohibition of coke formation on the surface of the catalyst were carried out with continuous feeding of raw materials for 4 h. The results showed that the Ni–Mg–Al catalyst exhibited the highest stability of hydrogen production (56.46%) among the studied catalysts. In addition, the life-time test of catalytic experiments showed that all the catalysts suffered deactivation at the beginning of the experiment (reduction of hydrogen production), except for the Ni–Mg–Al catalyst; it is suggested that the observation of abundant amorphous carbon formed on the surface of reacted catalysts (temperature programmed oxidation results) may be responsible for the initial reduction of hydrogen production. In addition, the Ni–Ca–Al catalyst showed the lowest hydrogen production (46.58%) at both the early and stabilized stage of catalytic steam reforming of bio-oil.  相似文献   

19.
Here we report effective production of pure hydrogen from crude glycerol by the one-stage sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR) process. This process yielded H2 up to 88% with a very high purity (99.7 vol%) at atmospheric pressure and at 550–600 °C with a steam/C = 3 in a fixed-bed reactor over a mixture of Ni/Co catalyst derived from hydrotalcite-like material (HT) and dolomite as CO2 sorbent. The concentration of methane is lowest at 575 °C, while the CO concentration increases concurrently with increasing temperature from 525 to 600 °C. The high coking potential of glycerol and fatty acid methyl esters (C17–C19) resulted in the increased formation of coke, thus lower hydrogen yield. The reaction rates of methane reforming and water–gas shift reactions are much higher than the steam reforming of crude glycerol on Co–Ni catalysts. The high purity of hydrogen can be obtained even at low spatial times with low crude glycerol conversions. Our work reveals a great potential to directly convert biomass derived complex mixtures to the most clean energy carrier of hydrogen with high yield and purity.  相似文献   

20.
A novel process for hydrogen production via bio-oil catalytic reforming without steam addition was proposed. The liquid feedstock was a distillation fraction from crude bio-oil molecular distillation. The fraction obtained was enriched with the low-molecular-weight organics (acids, aldehydes, and ketones), and contained nearly all of the water from crude bio-oil. The highest catalytic performance, with a carbon conversion of 95% and a H2 yield of 135 mg g−1 organics, was obtained by processing the distillate over Ni/Al2O3 catalyst at 700 °C. The steam involved in the reforming reaction was derived entirely from the water in the crude bio-oil. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by N2-physisorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. To further understand the reaction mechanisms, symmetric density functional theory calculations for decomposition were performed on four model compounds in bio-oil (acetic acid, hydroxyacetone, furfural, and phenol) over the Ni(111) surface. In addition, the decomposition of H2O∗ to OH∗ and O∗ and their subsequent steam reforming reactions with carbon precursors (CH∗ and CH3C∗) were also examined.  相似文献   

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