建筑系统节能初探

本文在建筑节能中引入了系统和载能体的概念,提出了建筑系统节能的思想,分析了研究建筑系统节能所涉及的时空范围及内容,把资源与能源在时空范围的输入与输出看作载能过程,通过载能流,简化了复杂的时空关系,基于此,用系统工程的研究方法,划分了建筑节能系统,探索了建模思路,提出建模方法,为优化建筑节能方案和对建筑系统能耗模拟分析软件开发又提供了新思路.     

1341材料在循环水泵上的应用

对热电厂发电机的三台循环水泵的运行状况进行了分析,并用BELZONA1341材料对水泵叶轮的表面进行了处理,减少了叶轮表面与水流的阻力和涡流的产生,降低了电机的有功电流,节约了电能,并且延长设备的寿命,效果十分明显.     

750 kV两站两线科研项目管理

针对兰州超高压输变电公司科研项目管理模式进行了研究与分析,提出了科研项目分解的方案,通过本方案明确了基本课题,可以较为全面、系统指导科研工作的开展,增强了科研项目实施的可操作性。构建了矩阵式科研项目管理组织结构,优化配置了公司各科研资源,明确了科研项目的各主要责任主体。确立了科研项目管理流程,做到闭环控制,加强了科研项目过程管理。     

电弧炉工作层耐材砌衬技术改造及其经济效益

阐述了根据生产实际情况,改造了宁夏恒力集团有限公司炼钢分厂18t电弧炉工作层耐材砌衬的材质及砖型,从而降低了工人的劳动强度,提高了工作效率,降低了企业生产成本,提高了经济效益。     

两轮摩托车振动耐久试验台的设计

阐述了摩托车振动耐久试验台的设计方案。方案中描述了两轮摩托车振动耐久试验台的结构组成,详细介绍了系统的关键硬件电路,提出了车速控制策略,给出了车速的实时测量和控制流程图。实验表明,摩托车振动耐久试验台为摩托车的振动耐久检测提供了方便,高效,节能的试验平台。     

蓄热式加热炉燃烧系统的改造

针对轧钢加热炉加热能力不足,自动化控制水平落后的情况,对加热炉进行了改造,更换了单蓄热式空气烧嘴,并对自动控制系统进行了升级改造,从而提高了加热能力和自动控制水平,降低了煤气消耗,取得了良好的经济效益。     

有限元弹性动力分析与优化在某气门机构中的应用

对某发动机气门机构建立了混合刚体-弹性体的参数化非线性有限元模型,进行了弹性动力学计算。通过回归方程对模型进行了优化,降低了摇臂的质量,在保证摇臂强度的同时改善了凸轮-滚子的接触性能,从而降低了磨损,提高了耐久性。     

复合地源热泵系统冬季供暖运行实验研究

介绍了地源热泵在冬季运行供暖的实验研究,具体分析了长期连续运行时土壤温度的变化规律,热泵机组系统的COP变化情况,以及太阳能辅助系统与地源热泵系统联合运行时土壤温度的变化规律,热泵机组系统的COP变化情况.试验数据表明了增加太阳能辅助地源热泵系统后,显著地提高了冷凝器出口温度和室内温度,有效地提高了热负荷,增加了供热面积.总结出了本地区地源热泵系统的一般运行规律.     

烧结炉可控调压负荷的无功补偿和谐波治理

对烧结炉运行中产生的谐波和无功进行了测试分析,设计了无功补偿和谐波治理的方案,研制、安装了补偿装置,最终解决了烧结炉运行带来的供电问题,达到了满意的效果。     

超临界锅炉减温器喷管断裂分析及对策

本文介绍了超临界电站锅炉较多采用的喷管悬臂式减温器的结构形式,列举了近年来该结构形式的减温器发生喷管鹰;裂的多个案例,对其缺陷特点进行了说明,并从设计、制造和运行等方面分析了该问题产生的原因,提出了改进措施,这些措施已应用在了不同的电厂。结果表明,改进结构后的减温器成功的解决了喷管断裂的问题,运行效果良好。     

Thermal utilisation of solar energy : Croatian National Energy Program SUNEN, 1998 – 2010

In the paper, thermal use of solar energy as well as prospects and problems of its utilisation in Croatia have been given. The National Solar Energy Program, SUNEN, has been established to stimulate the usage of solar energy. The main goals of the program are the assessment of technical and economically viable solar potential in order to define real objectives and tasks to provide use of exploitable indigenous clean and renewable energy potential. The Program addresses benefits, the most promising solar applications and solar potential. Much attention has been given to identification of obstacles and barriers in the process of solar technology dissemination. SUNEN is an initiative to increase solar energy use and to become more compatible with the present renewable energy sources policy in EU and Mediterranean countries. The program proposes twelve different types of thermal solar energy systems, which could be multiplied up to 28 000 installations until the year 2010 with annual heat recovery of approximately 1,5 TWh (5,4 PJ).     

Enhancement of the yield of solar still with the use of solar pond: A review

A solar pond (SP) is a remarkable growth of renewable energy technology that has stored solar energy for storage purposes and is used in many solar thermal applications. It is also utilized for many purposes, such as heating, cooling, space heating, air conditioning, and many more. The present paper shows the use of an SP to improve the yield of solar still (SS) by providing hot water through the heat energy stored in it. It also reveals the use of shallow and mini SPs with SS to improve yield. Various future research works on SS using SPs have also been included in this paper. From the current review paper, it was concluded that the SP increases the yield of the SS.     

加快发展河北省太阳能光热发电的建议和对策

太阳能作为一种可再生的新能源,越来越引起人们的关注。我国每年太阳能资源理论储量折合标准煤达17000亿t,而包括风能、水能、生物质能、地热能在内的其它所有可再生能源折合标准煤不到60亿t,太阳能利用潜力巨大。太阳能发电主要有光伏发电和光热发电。太阳能光热发电比光伏发电具有更多的优势。阐述了太阳能光热发电的国内外发展现状,分析了河北省太阳能的资源潜力,并提出了河北省发展太阳能光热发电的建议和对策.     

Electricity Production Using Solar Energy

Abstract

In this study, a solar-powered development project is used to identify whether it is possible to utilize solar technologies in the electricity production sector. Electricity production from solar energy has been found to be a promising method in the future. Concentrated solar energy can be converted to chemical energy via high-temperature endothermic reactions. Coal and biomass can be pyrolyzed or gasified by using concentrated solar radiation for generating power. Conventional energy will not be enough to meet the continuously increasing need for energy in the future. In this case, renewable energy sources will become important. Solar energy is an increasing need for energy in the future. Solar energy is a very important energy source because of its advantages. Instead of a compressor system, which uses electricity, an absorption cooling system, using renewable energy and kinds of waste heat energy, may be used for cooling.     

Assessment of an integrated active solar and air-source heat pump water heating system operated within a passive house in a cold climate zone

In the pursuit of energy savings and emission reductions, solar energy heating systems have been promoted in China. However, there still exist many barriers to the operation of solar heating systems, in combination with other systems, under realistic conditions. In order to investigate this further, an integrated space heating system including passive sunspace, active solar water heating, and air-source heat pump (ASHP) was built. The detailed running performance of each subsystem was comparatively analyzed in a full-scale test house in a cold climate zone. This integrated system showed many encouraging results in terms of the maintenance of a stable and comfortable indoor thermal environment during the winter season. The study building consumed electricity as convectional energy, which only accounted for about one-third of the total energy supplied for heating. However, our study also found some shortcomings in the system design. Feasible suggestions regarding the running procedures aimed at a more optimal and effective design were proposed. The systems proposed in this study could be used as a promising future technology for energy savings and emission reductions in rural buildings. The study could also help achieve targets for energy savings and renewable energy utilization in China and other countries.     

A multi‐predictor model to estimate solar and wind energy generations

Recent technological developments in renewable energy systems and significant growth of solar and wind energy have made these 2 renewable sources potential viable alternatives for conventional energy sources. However, due to intermittent nature, their reliability and availability are not similar to traditional sources. Hence, it is crucial to estimate the solar and wind availability and contribution more accurately. There are various factors affecting the generation capacity of renewable sources. There has been a vast research on the impact of factors related to climate condition such as wind speed, air temperature, and humidity on renewable energy generation. However, there are several other factors with indirect impact on renewable capacity and generation mostly overshadowed by the climate factors. In this study, a multi‐predictor regression model is developed and presented for solar and wind energy generation capacity across the USA. Our study of 50 states shows how the generation capacity can be affected by several indexes including human development index. Variables with the more significant impacts have been chosen using a regression analysis. A recommendation on the best transformation of the response variables and sensitivity analysis of the results has also been presented. The results provide a model to estimate the generation capacity using significant predictors. For instance, the impact of population growth on the wind turbine generation can be explored using these models.     

Exergetic utilization of solar energy for feed water preheating in a conventional thermal power plant

This communication is based on exergy concept for the utilization of solar thermal energy in a Rankine cycle‐based fuel‐fired thermal power plant (FFTPP). It has been shown that solar thermal energy as an aided source for feed water preheating helps to reduce the exergy loss in feed water heater (FWH) of Rankine cycle and develops more work than that could have been produced in a solar thermal power plant (STPP). It has been found that this enhancement in work increases for low‐pressure FWHs. For further illustration, a case study has been carried out of a typical 50 kW STPP and a 220 MW FFTPP. The effect of utilizing the same input solar thermal energy of typical STPP, if used as an aided source in a 220 MW FFTPP for feed water preheating is investigated. The work output of STPP is 59.312 kW, while the extra work output of FFTPP by using solar thermal energy of STPP is 90.27 kW. It has been found that the efficiency of work conversion of aided solar thermal energy in FFTPP is higher than the efficiency of work conversion in STPP. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solar energy at various depths below a water surface

The total solar energy at various depths in water has been calculated by adopting two sets of data, namely the extinction coefficient of water in the spectral range of 300–2500 nm, and the solar spectrum at sea level in the same spectral range. With the aid of a computer program designed for this purpose, the solar spectrum at various depths has been reconstructed and the total solar energy has been measured by calculating the area under the spectral distribution curves. A mathematical expression for the integrated solar energy as a function of depth in water has been derived.     

Solar energy—A look into power generation,challenges, and a solar‐powered future

Sun is an inexhaustible source of energy capable of fulfilling all the energy needs of humankind. The energy from the sun can be converted into electricity or used directly. Electricity can be generated from solar energy either directly using photovoltaic (PV) cells or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) technology. Progress has been made to raise the efficiency of the PV solar cells that can now reach up to approximately 34.1% in multi‐junction PV cells. Electricity generation from concentrated solar technologies has a promising future as well, especially the CSP, because of its high capacity, efficiency, and energy storage capability. Solar energy also has direct application in agriculture primarily for water treatment and irrigation. Solar energy is being used to power the vehicles and for domestic purposes such as space heating and cooking. The most exciting possibility for solar energy is satellite power station that will be transmitting electrical energy from the solar panels in space to Earth via microwave beams. Solar energy has a bright future because of the technological advancement in this field and its environment‐friendly nature. The biggest challenge however facing the solar energy future is its unavailability all‐round the year, coupled with its high capital cost and scarcity of the materials for PV cells. These challenges can be met by developing an efficient energy storage system and developing cheap, efficient, and abundant PV solar cells. This article discusses the solar energy system as a whole and provides a comprehensive review on the direct and the indirect ways to produce electricity from solar energy and the direct uses of solar energy. The state‐of‐the‐art procedures being employed for PV characterization and performance rating have been summarized . Moreover, the technical, economic, environmental, and storage‐related challenges are discussed with possible solutions. Furthermore, a comprehensive list of future potential research directions in the field of direct and indirect electricity generation from solar energy is proposed.     

太阳池的研究与应用

自从1902年Kalecsinsky首次发现了天然太阳池现象以后，经过长期的研究和发展，太阳池技术已被广泛应用于发电、取暖、海水淡化．矿物加工等领域，太阳池成为近期内进行大规模太阳能热利用的最有前景的低温热源装置。主要综述了太阳池的集热原理及建造方法、太阳池中热量的贮存及提取方式、太阳池的应用以及研究动向等，并指出目前我国太阳池技术还处于实验研究的阶段，而我国具有丰富的太阳能和盐资源，大力开发太阳池技术将为发展地方经济起到重要的作用。