回流式循环流化床烟气脱硫的工程试验研究

在银川热电厂5号炉(150t/h)回流式循环流化床烟气脱硫装置开展了半干法循环流化床烟气脱硫技术的工程试验研究,该脱硫装置的设计处理烟气量为16000m^3／h。脱硫塔内部及顶部采用了特殊回流结构设计,实现物料塔内内循环。减少除尘装置入口浓度。通过工业试验,研究了钙硫比、喷水量等参数对系统脱硫效率的影响。试验结果表明,当钙硫比为1．3、塔内温度70℃、塔内浓度为800g/m^3时,系统脱硫效率可以达到90％,粉尘排放浓度为80mg/m^3,脱硫系统阻力小于1．5kPa。     

关于高效空塔喷淋炯气锅炉脱硫装置设计特点的探讨

介绍高效空塔喷淋烟气脱硫装置的技术原理、技术特点、中试及工业化试验的情况，该技术通过改进工艺和结构，在提高脱硫效率和脱硫剂循环利用率两项技术上成效显著，用户可在不增加装置投资的前提下。获得更高的效率和更低的运行成本。     

应用喷钙脱硫技术对10t/h链条炉进行脱硫改造

介绍了两台１０／ｔｈ链条炉脱硫改造的方法和测试结果。脱硫系统包括结合四角旋涡燃烧技术的炉内喷钙和尾部利用文丘里喷嘴和麻石水膜除尘器对脱硫剂加温活化两部分。测试结果表明,引入四角旋涡技术可以在不影响锅炉运行的情况下明显改善脱硫剂在炉膛内的混合煅烧,有利于提高炉内脱硫效率例用文丘里水喷嘴和除尘器,可以在较低Ｃａ／Ｓ下实现较高脱硫效率。对原配有文丘里水喷嘴和麻石水膜除尘器的工业锅炉进行脱硫环保改造时,炉膛喷钙尾部增湿活化脱硫技术具有明显的技术经济优势。     

一种烟气半干法脱硫工艺的工业试验研究

介绍了一种新型的半干法烟气脱硫工业装置 ,与其它的循环流化床烟气脱硫装置相比 ,其最大特点是设置两级分离器实现脱硫、灰的双重循环 ,并且增设多层喷浆装置。工业试验表明 ,该装置脱硫效率可达 90 %。     

玛苏莱氨法脱硫技术在齐鲁石化热电厂的应用

介绍玛苏莱氨法脱硫装置的结构及组成,对装置的各系统进行分析和研究,结合氨法脱硫效率、硫酸铵的生产和消耗情况,阐述了氨法脱硫的可行性和必要性。实践证明,齐鲁石化热电厂的氨法脱硫装置运行稳定,消除了长期以来认为氨法技术不成熟的旧观念。     

循环流化床烟气脱硫技术实验研究

提出一种干式烟气脱硫技术方案,并在４００￣８００℃的温度下进行了实验研究。为了提高脱硫效率和脱硫剂的利用率,还对在床内循环的脱硫剂进行了蒸汽处理。研究了烟气温度、Ｃａ／Ｓ、床内气流速度、床内固体物料浓度等参数对脱硫效率的影响,以及各参数之间的关系。研究发现温度对脱硫效率有明显的影响,近６００℃时最高。增加Ｃａ／Ｓ可以大幅度提高脱硫效率。此外,适当降低床内气体流速使床内的总物料量增加,可以提高脱硫效率。研究表明,蒸汽处理对脱硫效率的提高有明显效果,在本实验条件下,处理后的脱硫效率提高４２．１％。     

炉内喷钙脱硫技术的工业应用研究

介绍了两台10t/h链条炉配套的脱硫工程和测试结果,脱硫系统包括结合四角旋涡燃烧技术的炉内喷钙和尾部利用文丘里喷嘴和麻石水膜除尘器对脱硫剂加湿活化两部分。测试结果表明,引入四角旋涡二次风技术可以在不影响锅炉运行的情况下明显改善脱硫剂在炉膛内的混合煅烧,有利于提高炉内脱硫效率,利用文丘里水喷嘴和除尘器,对未反应的氧化钙颗粒进行活化,提高脱硫反应速度,事以在较低钙与硫比下实现较高脱硫效率。对原配有文丘里水喷嘴和麻石水膜除尘器的工业锅炉进行脱硫环保改造时,炉膛喷钙尾部增湿活化脱硫技术具有明显的技术经济优势。     

柴油机废气梯级洗涤脱硫试验

针对现有船舶废气洗涤装置共存的开式系统海水脱硫效果不佳、闭式系统碱液消耗量大的问题提出了梯级洗涤技术,并在试验系统上测试了海水/海水梯级洗涤和海水/碱液梯级洗涤两种模式下的废气脱硫效果。结果表明:海水/海水梯级洗涤脱硫效率与海水碱度密切相关,采用高碱度海水脱硫时梯级洗涤法可以满足硫排放控制要求,但海水碱度低时则无法满足要求;海水/碱液梯级洗涤效果优于海水/海水梯级洗涤。当主洗涤段采用碱度为810μmol/L、液气比为5 L/m~3的海水洗涤SO_2浓度为2 000 mg/m~3的废气时,副洗涤段使用pH值为12.2的碱液且液气比为1 L/m~3即可达到97.2%以上的脱硫效率,且碱液的pH值越高,洗涤效果越好。综合脱硫需求、泵耗和防腐需求,建议碱液p H值宜选11~13。     

喷淋式湿法脱硫装置的试验研究

提出了一种采用高效离心式喷嘴的湿法脱硫装置，对该装置的吸收段阻力特性和石灰石作为吸收剂的脱硫特性进行了试验研究，对试验结果进行了分析。同时对几种添加剂对该装置脱硫特性的影响也进行了试验研究和分析。并得出了一个较好的工况点。图8参6     

关于高效空塔喷淋烟气锅炉脱硫装置设计特点的探讨

介绍高效空塔喷淋烟气脱硫装置的技术原理、技术特点、中试及工业化试验的情况,该技术通过改进工艺和结构,在提高脱硫效率和脱硫剂循环利用率两项技术上成效显著,用户可在不增加装置投资的前提下,获得更高的效率和更低的运行成本。     

钠盐对钙基脱硫剂烧结动力学的影响及孔结构的生成模型

从离子迁移现象出发探讨了钠盐杂质对CaO烧结动力学的影响.采用不等径团聚体,代替传统认为CaO晶粒都是同一尺寸的物理概念,进而通过空位缺陷方程,推导出固态离子扩散系数,从而实现对CaO烧结过程中物理结构不断变化的模拟.利用向钙基脱硫剂中添加钠盐以得到不同杂质含量的方法,研究了温度、杂质含量对CaO烧结的影响.通过实验数据和模型计算结果比较,证明了该模型的合理性.     

高温燃烧两段脱硫技术的试验研究

针对链条炉内钙基添加剂燃烧脱硫率低的难题,研究了链条炉床温和烟气成分的动态变化,在研究添加剂粒径、添加量和添加方式对各种钙基添加剂脱硫率影响的基础上,提出了两段燃烧脱硫技术的解决方案,以实现煤层内和燃烧室间同时脱硫的目的,从时间和空间两个方面克服了 简单与入炉散煤预混或炉内直接喷钙脱硫方式的根本缺陷,使链条炉燃烧胶硫效率提高了70%～80%。图3表4参7     

基于钙基吸收剂煅烧/碳酸化循环吸收CO2研究进展

对钙基吸收剂煅烧/碳酸化循环吸收CO2的最新研究进展进行了阐述,包括反应条件对钙基吸收剂吸收CO2的影响,如压力、颗粒粒度、反应时间及SO2存在等因素,和提高钙基吸收剂吸收CO2的各种方法,如采用添加剂、进行水合反应等.提出了一种提高钙基吸收剂吸收CO2能力的可能方法:对钙基吸收剂进行闪蒸改性,以优化吸收剂的孔隙结构.     

W型火焰煤粉炉两段喷钙脱硫技术的试验研究

针对燥粉炉内钙基固硫剂燃绕脱硫率低的难题，研究了W型火焰燥粉炉一次风燃烧区域烟气温度和烟气成分的动态变化规律。在研究添加剂量和添加方式对燃绕脱硫率影响的基础上，提出了分级配风两段喷钙脱硫技术的方案，从而实现一次风燃绕高温区域和中温燃绕区域的同时脱硫，使脱硫剂在高温还原区域生成CaS，在中温氧化区域生成CaSO4，从而避免了CaSO4在高温区域的分解，使Ca／S＝3时燥粉炉的脱硫效率达到71．2％。图2表2参4     

Experimental research on two-stage desulfurization technology in traveling grate boilers

In order to promote the desulfurization efficiency of calcium-based sorbents during coal combustion in traveling grate boilers, the influences on sulfur removal of the thermal conditions and the sorbents were discussed in this paper. It was found that the SO₂ concentration first rises, then declines along the traveling grate and reaches the peak near the midpoint of the grate. The fluctuation of the SO₂ concentration over time in the flue gas is mainly affected by the flame temperature. When the particle size of the sorbents decreases from 75 to 0.1 μm, the sulfur removal efficiency will increase slightly. A reasonable Ca/S molar ratio is about 2 when sorbents are blended with the coal on the grate and its further increase has little benefit to desulfurization. A new, so-called two-stage desulfurization process — sulfur capture firstly in the coal bed and secondly in the combustion gas — is suggested as it can greatly promote the sulfur removal efficiency up to 70∼80%. By X-ray powder diffraction analysis, some thermal stable phases were identified in the sulfur retention cinder obtained from the on-grate process.     

Effect of reaction conditions on regeneration performance of spent CeY sorbent used for thiophene adsorption

The CeY sorbent prepared by NaY zeolite ion-exchanging by cerium ion has been proved an excellent adsorption desulfurization ability. Thus, it is necessary to investigate its regeneration behavior after underwent desulfurization. In this paper, the spent CeY sorbent adsorbing thiophene in benzene (TBY) was regenerated by thermal treatment under various conditions. The desulfurization efficiency of regenerated TBY samples was measured by static adsorption experiment. The results show that the regeneration temperature, regeneration time and oxygen content are the main influence factors for the regeneration of TBY samples. The regenerated performance of sorbents is mainly affected by the retained contents of sulfur and carbon, and the strong B acid sites in TBY sorbent are not conducive to the recovery capacity of regenerated sorbents for the decrease of surface area and pore volume caused by relatively stable thiophene oligomers. The optimized regeneration condition is air atmosphere with the space velocity of 1000 h^?1 at 500°C for 1 h, and the corresponding desulfurization efficiency of regenerated TBY sample is over 96% of the fresh sample.     

活性炭烟气脱硫工艺中影响脱硫效率因素的分析

在工业实测数据的基础上,分析了洗涤水温度、气液逆流、蓄积在活性炭孔隙中的硫酸对活性炭烟气脱硫工艺脱硫效率的影响,对脱硫塔高效运行及该技术的进一步推广应用具有指导意义.     

Stability of lanthanum oxide-based H2S sorbents in realistic fuel processor/fuel cell operation

We report that lanthana-based sulfur sorbents are an excellent choice as once-through chemical filters for the removal of trace amounts of H₂S and COS from any fuel gas at temperatures matching those of solid oxide fuel cells. We have examined sorbents based on lanthana and Pr-doped lanthana with up to 30 at.% praseodymium, having high desulfurization efficiency, as measured by their ability to remove H₂S from simulated reformate gas streams to below 50 ppbv with corresponding sulfur capacity exceeding 50 mg S g_sorbent⁻¹ at 800 °C. Intermittent sorbent operation with air-rich boiler exhaust-type gas mixtures and with frequent shutdowns and restarts is possible without formation of lanthanide oxycarbonate phases. Upon restart, desulfurization continues from where it left at the end of the previous cycle. These findings are important for practical applications of these sorbents as sulfur polishing units of fuel gases in the presence of small or large amounts of water vapor, and with the regular shutdown/start-up operation practiced in fuel processors/fuel cell systems, both stationary and mobile, and of any size/scale.     

HCl Dry Removal with Modified Ca-Based Sorbents at Moderate to High Temperatures

Modified Ca-based sorbents were obtained by adding sodium alkali into Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. Reactive properties of modified Ca-based sorbents with acidic gases were investigated through reacting with gaseous HC1 at 450-760℃, and SEM and XRD technologies were adopted to get information on the reaction mechanism. Experimental data showed that HC1 dry removal efficiencies increased with temperature before 700℃ for all of the investigated sorbents, and there existed improved sorbents that corresponded to the highest removal efficiencies under the similar conditions. SEM photographs exhibited morphology difference between original and improved sorbents both before and after the reaction; and displayed that improved sorbents formed more porous product layers than original sorbents especially at higher temperature when product sintering became heavier, which is favorable to HC1 dry removal. XRD analysis showed that (1) improved Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 were less crystalline than original lime and limestone; (2) the re     

Chemical hot gas cleaning concept for the “CHRISGAS” process

The aim of the CHRISGAS project was the development of a gasification technique to produce clean hydrogen-rich synthesis gas from biomass. In order to improve the process efficiency, this work presents a gas cleaning concept, which combines chemical hot gas cleaning with hot (1 MPa, 900 °C) and warm (1 MPa, 300 °C) filtration. As the focus is set on the removal of H₂S, HCl and KCl, calculations on chemical gas cleaning for the hot and warm gas filter were done using a thermodynamic process model using SimuSage? (GTT-Technologies). The calculations show that Ca-based and Fe-based sorbents are not suitable H₂S sorbents under the conditions of the hot gas filter. For Cu-based sorbents, H₂S concentration below 100 cm³ m^?3 is achievable, if the temperature is reduced below 810 °C. Additional calculations of KCl sorption on alumosilicates under the conditions of the hot gas filter show that the alkali concentration in gasifier-derived gases can be limited to 100 mm³ m^?3. Thus, the condensation temperature of KCl can be decreased down to 580 °C. The results of HCl sorption calculations show that Na- and K-based sorbents are only suitable for temperatures below 600 °C. Therefore, the HCl sorption is transferred to the warm gas filter. The KCl sorption results were confirmed by experiments using bauxite, bentonite, kaolinite and naturally occurring zeolite as sorbents.