不同充液率和加热功率下乙烷脉动热管传热性能研究

通过实验研究了在充液率为30%～70%,加热功率为10～60 W的工况下乙烷脉动热管的传热性能。结果表明:随着加热功率的增加,冷凝段和蒸发段的温度波动依次经历了低幅低频、低幅高频、高幅高频和高幅低频的振荡模式;在中低加热功率下,蒸发段和冷凝段的温度振荡波形相位角相差180°,而当高加热功率时,蒸发段和冷凝段的温度变化是同步的;在不同的加热功率下,脉动热管均在50%充液率时达到最佳传热性能;脉动热管的传热性能随加热功率的增大先增强后减弱,其存在最佳加热功率使得脉动热管的换热效率最高。     

长距离环路热管传热性能实验研究

基于航空航天等领域对环路热管长距离传热的需求,设计制造了一套传热距离8.1m的圆柱型蒸发器环路热管,试验了不同加热功率、不同冷凝温度下该环路热管的启动和变工况运行性能,并对其热阻及最大传热能力进行了分析。研究结果表明：当其他条件一致、初始气液分布相同和不同时,加热功率由100W增大至160W后,本研究中的环路热管启动时间和启动温升均发生一定程度的下降;加热功率100W时,冷凝温度由10℃降低至-10℃使得环路热管启动时间增加,加热功率160W时,冷凝温度由10℃降至-10℃对环路热管的启动时间影响不大。在冷凝温度0℃下,该环路热管在100~500W范围内均能稳定运行,且200W时环路热管传热效率最高,传热温差最小,稳定运行温度最低;另外,由于系统传输距离较长,每个工况达到稳定所需要的时间也较长,分布于1000至3500S内。随着加热功率的增大,环路热管热阻先减小后逐渐增大,该环路热管传热热阻最大不超过0.09℃/W,最小为0.024℃/W;随着传热距离的增大,管路的热损失增加,总压降和热阻也变大。当传热距离基本相同时,蒸发器容积的大小、冷凝器的冷凝能力及气液管线的布置形状均在一定程度上影响环路热管的最大传热能力。     

振荡流热管在太阳热水器上的应用

通过室内实验,研究柱型振荡流热管的传热特性。实验结果表明:加热功率越大,热管的传热性能越好。在相同加热功率下,热管的当量导热系数随倾角的增大先增大后减小,热阻随倾角的增大先减小后增大,在倾角为60°时传热性能最好。倾角为60°加热功率为65 W时,当量导热系数为23406.67 W/(m·K),热阻为0.61 K/W。对玻璃真空管振荡流热管太阳热水器进行室外热性能实验,实验结果表明,太阳热水器平均日效率为56.9%,平均热损系数为3.08 W/K。     

重力热管内部相变及传热传质过程的数值模拟

重力热管内部包含复杂的两相流动以及相变传热过程,传统理论分析及实验手段不能直观给出其内部流动、相变、热质传递的详细信息。采用VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型对重力热管内气液两相流动及传热进行模拟,捕捉到蒸发段气泡产生、合并、长大、上升,以及冷凝段壁面附近液滴形成、合并、下滑、汇集到液池的全过程,得到的壁温分布与实验测量值对比体现良好一致性,表明数值模拟的正确性。同时,以热阻、传热量和热效率为评价标准,研究不同充液率和倾斜角度下对重力热管运行性能的影响。结果表明:在所研究的参数范围内,随着充液率的增加,热阻逐渐减小,冷凝段传热量逐渐增大。且工质初始充注量充满蒸发段时热管性能较好;倾角对热阻的影响不明显,冷凝段传热量和热效率均随倾角增加而增长。     

新型拐角式整体针翅回转热管设计与试验

提出了一种新型拐角式整体针翅回转热管,对该热管进行了详细的理论分析与设计,并对其传热性能进行了试验测试。结果表明:拐角式整体针翅回转热管的轴向温度从蒸发段到冷凝段逐渐降低,最大轴向温差随着转速的增大而减小;回转热管蒸发段的管壁温度沿圆周方向上的温差随转速的增大而变大,冷凝段的管壁温度沿圆周方向上的温差随转速增大而变小;回转热管的整体传热功率随转速的提高而增大;当充液率约为15%时回转热管的热阻最小,传热性能最好;吸液芯对热管传热性能的影响不占主导地位,在低转速工况下吸液芯提高热管传热能力,在高转速下则起阻碍作用;与平行轴回转热管相比,拐角式回转热管传热性能提高了5倍。     

多壁碳纳米管水基纳米流体重力热管传热特性数值模拟

为揭示多壁碳纳米管水基纳米流体应用在重力热管中的传热特性,基于多相流模型(VOF)建立其重力热管数值模型,并将数值结果与实验数据进行对比验证。以热阻作为性能评价指标,改变加热功率和充液率,讨论二者对热管换热性能的具体影响。通过添加传热传质源项来编写用户自定义函数(UDF)完成内部流体蒸发冷凝过程中的相变模拟。模拟结果表明:该数值模型能够较好模拟多壁碳纳米管水基纳米流体应用重力热管内部复杂的流动与传热过程;在选定的加热功率及充液率参数范围内,该重力热管的整体热阻随蒸发段加热功率的增大而减小,随充液率的增大而增大。     

多片平板微热管阵列运行特性

将多片平板微热管阵列进行堆叠可以提高传热量。实验研究了不同叠加片数下平板微热管阵列在不同加热功率下的热阻、传热极限、温度分布及变化规律、不同层热管传热等运行特性。实验表明，随热管片数增加，热管整体的传热量增加，最大传热量由单片的60W提升至5片的180W；传热热阻降低，最小传热热阻由单片的1.09℃/W下降为5片的0.24℃/W。而且，随着片数增加，热管间的传热热阻开始影响多片平板微热管阵列的整体运行：外侧热管的传热量高于内侧热管，热阻低于内侧热管，且当片数为4片及以上时，热管整体性能提升会越来越不明显。在相同的加热功率下，多片平板微热管阵列的外侧蒸发段、外侧冷凝段和内侧蒸发段温度均随片数增加而降低，但内侧冷凝段温度先升高后降低。最理想的热管叠加片数为3-4片。     

甲醇乙醇混合工质振荡热管传热性能研究

混合工质可为振荡热管带来独特的传热性能．比较甲醇、乙醇纯工质以及甲醇-乙醇混合工质振荡热管在不同充液率时的热阻随加热功率的变化情况,结果发现：在小充液率（45％）时甲醇-乙醇混合工质和乙醇振荡热管开始烧干时的加热功率高于甲醇工质振荡热管;在加热功率不是很大（低于65W）和大充液率（62％～90％）时,甲醇以及甲醇-乙醇混合工质振荡热管的传热性能优于乙醇振荡热管;在大加热功率（高于65W）和大充液率（62％～90％）时甲醇以及甲醇-乙醇混合工质振荡热管的热阻十分接近,均低于乙醇工质振荡热管的热阻,且热阻随着充液率的增加曲线变化越来越平缓．     

单回路紫铜_水脉动热管传热性能的实验研究

实验研究了单回路紫铜—水脉动热管在水冷方式和定传热功率时,冷却水流量、倾角、管径和充液率4种因素对热管传热性能,包括管壁测点温度、冷热段均温、传热温差、传热热阻和温度振幅的影响规律,得到提高传热性能的一些措施。结果显示:水平放置的单回路脉动热管无法启动;30°以上倾角管内可产生振荡,增加倾角可降低传热热阻;定加热功率下,冷却水流量存在最佳值,过大和过小都会增加传热热阻;在脉动热管允许管径范围内,增加管径可大大降低传热热阻;相同传热功率时,30%充液率热管的传热热阻明显低于70%充液率管;小而均匀的壁温振荡比大幅锯齿状振荡时的传热性能好。     

大功率集成LED热管散热器的传热性能

针对大功率集成LED单位热流密度高的特点,提出一种新型的翅片式重力热管散热器,并对其传热性能进行了实验研究,讨论了加热功率和充液率对散热器传热性能的影响。实验结果表明:在加热功率为150W、散热热流密度为37.5W/cm2时,翅片式重力热管散热器的系统热阻在0.08～0.33K/W,此时加热表面温度低于80℃,冷凝段管壁温度相差不超过3℃。该散热器不仅具有良好的均温性,且在工况变化时能快速重新达到稳定,满足大功率LED的散热需求。     

An Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of a Polymer‐Based Flat Heat Pipe

A polymer‐based flat heat pipe (PFHP) was fabricated. The heat transfer performance was measured and analyzed when deionized (DI) water and acetone were used as the working fluid, separately. Input power ranging from 2.8 W to 14.2 W was provided to the evaporator section while the device was at different filling ratios. Experimental results revealed that, when the polymer‐based flat heat pipe was laid in a horizontal position, the thermal resistance (1.02 K/W) was much smaller than that (4.6 K/W) of a copper plate with the same thickness at the thermal power of 10.3 W and the value decreased as the tilt angle changed from 0° to 90°.     

Influence of filling ratio and working fluid thermal properties on starting up and heat transferring performance of closed loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels

Using ethanol or acetone as the working fluid, the performance of starting up and heat transfer of closed-loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels(POHP-PC) were experimentally investigated by varying filling ratio, inclination, working fluids and heating power. The performance of the tested pulsating heat pipe was mainly evaluated by thermal resistance and wall temperature. Heating copper block and cold water bath were adopted in the experimental investigations. It was found that oscillating heat pipe with filling ratio of 50% started up earlier than that with 70% when heating input was 159.4 W, however, it has similar starting up performance with filling ratio of 50% as compared to 70% on the condition of heat input of 205.4 W. And heat pipe with filling ratio of 10% could not start up but directly transit to dry burning. A reasonable filling ratio range of 35%-70% was needed in order to achieve better performance, and there are different optimal filling ratios with different heating inputs- the more heating input, the higher optimal filling ratio, and vice versa. However, the dry burning appeared easily with low filling ratio, especially at very low filling ratio, such as 10%. And higher filling ratio, such as 70%, resulted in higher heat transfer( dry burning) limit. With filling ratio of 70% and inclination of 75°, oscillating heat pipe with acetone started up with heating input of just 24 W, but for ethanol, it needed to be achieved 68 W, Furthermore, the start time with acetone was similar as compared to that with ethanol. For steady operating state, the heating input with acetone was about 80 W, but it transited to dry burning state when heating input was greater than 160 W. However, for ethanol, the heating input was in vicinity of 160 W. Furthermore, thermal resistance with acetone was lower than that with ethanol at the same heating input of 120 W.     

Evaporation and condensation heat transfer in a heat pipe with a sintered-grooved composite wick

A mathematical model of evaporation and condensation heat transfer in a copper-water wicked heat pipe with a sintered-grooved composite wick is developed and compared with experiments. The wall temperatures are measured under different input power levels and working temperature conditions. The results show that the heat transfer in the condenser section was found to be only by conduction. In the evaporator, however, either conduction or boiling heat transfer can occur. The experimental data for the boiling heat transfer are well correlated by the theory of Stralen and Cole. Higher heat load drives the heat pipe to spend more time achieving the equilibrium state during the transient start-up process. The response curves of the evaporator thermal resistance are overlapped, and the condenser thermal resistance increases more sharply at the beginning. The total thermal resistance of the heat pipe ranges from 0.02 to 0.56 K/W.     

Heat Transfer Performance of Microgroove Back Plate Heat Pipes with Working Fluid and Heating Power

Micro heat pipes(MHP) cooling is one of the most efficient solutions to radiate heat for high heat flux electronic components in data centers. It is necessary to improve heat transfer performance of microgroove back plate heat pipes. This paper discusses about influence on thermal resistance through experiments and numerical simulation with different working fluids, filling ratio and heat power. Thermal resistance of the CO_2 filled heat pipe is 14.8% lower than the acetone filled heat pipe. In the meantime, at the best filling ratio of 40%, the CO_2 filled heat pipe has the optimal heat transfer behavior with the smallest thermal resistance of 0.123 K/W. The thermal resistance continues to decline but the magnitude of decreases is going to be minor. In addition, this paper illustrates methods about how to enhance heat pipe performance from working fluids, filling ratio and heat power, which provides a theoretical basis for practical applications.     

Experimental study and analysis on heat transfer coefficient of radial heat pipe

The experimental study was performed on five eccentric radial heat pipes with two outer-tube diameters.The test range can be given as follows,working fluid filling ratio Ω=44%～83%,heat flux q=10000W/m2～32000W/m2,and working temperature tv=50 ℃～120 ℃.The correlations between radial heat pipe heat transfer performance and filling ratio,heat flux,working temperature were studied in the experiment.Based on linear regression of experimental data,the relationship between heat pipe equivalent heat resistance R and working temperature tv,heat flux q and filling ratio Ω was obtained.     

中深层地热地埋管实际运行影响因素研究

为研究中深层地热地埋管运行的影响因素,分析西咸新区中深层地热地埋管供暖系统的长期运行结果,并结合关中地区地质数据,建立深度为2510 m的中深层地埋管换热器全尺寸模型,采用数值模拟法研究实际岩层分布下地埋管的运行、结构和材料因素对其取热能力的影响。结果表明,西咸新区某项目1号地埋管和2号地埋管两个地埋管,其平均取热功率均在310 kW以上,具有优良的取热能力。地埋管进水温度随季节变化明显,并引起用户侧负荷及热泵回水温度的波动。在结构方面,随内管径由63 mm增至125 mm,平均出口水温和换热功率分别降低1.9%和4.8%,但内管径过小将影响内管运行的安全性,综合安全和换热两方面因素,最佳内管径应选取ϕ110 × 10mm规格;随外管径由168.3 mm增至244.5 mm,平均出口水温和换热功率分别增加3.5%和9%,综合成本和换热两方面因素,最佳外管径应选取ϕ 177.8 × 19 mm规格;在运行方面,地埋管出口水温随着流量的增加而减小,换热功率随着流量增加而增加;出口水温随着进水温度的升高而上升,换热功率也随之减小。在材料方面,减小内管导热系数和增加固井材料导热系数均能增加地埋管出口水温和换热功率,考虑换热功率变化和成本因素,在工程中导热系数为0.42 W/（m∙K）的内管和导热系数为3 W/（m∙K）左右的固井材料。     

Experimental study on heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe with refrigerants

The effects of different refrigerants on heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe(PHP) are investigated experimentally.The working temperature of pulsating heat pipe is kept in the range of 20℃-50℃.The startup time of the pulsating heat pipe with refrigerants can be shorter than 4 min,when heating power is in the range of 10W-100W.The startup time decreases with heating power.Thermal resistances of PHP with filling ratio 20.55% were obviously larger than those with other filling ratios.Thermal resistance of the PHP with R134a is much smaller than that with R404A and R600a.It indicates that the heat transfer ability of R134a is better.In addition,a correlation to predict thermal resistance of PHP with refrigerants was suggested.     

飞行器控制舵疏导式组合结构热防护性能试验与数值分析

为适应飞行器舵/翼在临近空间长航程飞行过程中气动维形的需求,以碱金属为工质,将具有高温热疏导能力的钨、钼固溶强化镍基合金疏导装置嵌套在高导热C/C防热罩和碳基柔性高导热夹层内侧。通过仿形石英灯加热器设计,开展了不同飞行环境条件下的地面性能测试试验。结合试验结果利用数值分析方法对其整体传热能力和各工况下的热防护效果进行了分析。结果表明,疏导装置启动时有效导热系数可由18.42 W/(m.K)提升至1390.00 W/(m.K),稳定状态可降低前缘峰值温度21.70%~23.04%,疏导式组合结构表面最大温差降幅64.80%,极大减小由温度梯度产生的热应力,有效提升高温环境下热结构匹配性和材料可靠性,可多次重复使用。该组合式热防护结构是解决高速飞行器前缘等高气动加热区烧蚀防热变形问题行之有效的技术途径之一,可针对新一代飞行器气动外形和飞行环境开展进一步工程应用研究。     

Flower-type pulsating heat pipe for a solar collector

Inspired by the sunflower, we report a new structure of a solar collector that integrates a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) into a flat-plate collector. The proposed flower-type PHP solar collector is designed after a sunflower with petals that absorb sunlight and transfer nutrients to the stem after photosynthesis. The evaporator section adopts the shape of a flower to absorb sunlight fully, and the condenser section is rolled into a cylinder and placed in the lower part of the structure. A systematic experimental study is conducted upon start-up, and the performance characteristics, with acetone as the working fluid, are evaluated. We also did a heat loss analysis, which has a deviation of 8%. The effects of the mass flow rate of cooling water, filling ratio, length of the condenser section, and solar intensity are assessed. As the temperature of the heat absorber plate increases, the thermal resistance of the PHP can decrease to a minimum of 0.14°C/W. Under sunny weather conditions, the instantaneous thermal efficiency of the system with a filling ratio of 50% reaches 50%. Besides, we discussed the unstable operation conditions and possible dryout phenomenon that happened inside the PHP.