基于浸没边界—格子Boltzmann方法的带自由液面的水力学问题模拟

为了高效、准确地通过数值方法研究涉及自由液面的流固耦合问题,将单相自由液面格子Boltzmann方法与浸没边界法相结合,提出可计算水流的液面波动及其与刚体相互作用的耦合模型,该耦合模型通过对耦合作用力的迭代,可确保浸没边界的无滑移条件的实现,并可提高耦合模型计算的稳定性和准确性。进而通过该耦合模型模拟和分析了宽顶堰溢流和自由拍门过流两种常见的水力学问题,验证了该模型的可行性和正确性。     

某汽油机改型前后机体温度场计算分析

直接流热耦合法将机体及与其相互作用的固体和流体部分作为一个整体进行研究,将难以确定的外部边界条件转化为内边界,通过能量守恒的方法在固-液交界面上自动完成热量交换。本文使用CFD软件STAR-CD,利用建立的机体、气缸盖和冷却水套组成耦合模型,采用直接流热耦合方法计算了某汽油机改型前后的机体温度场,计算结果和实验值吻合得较好,这反映了直接耦合法计算机体温度场有足够的精度。依据计算结果,本文对改型前后的机体温度场进行了详细地分析。     

直接耦合法模拟计算活塞温度场

内燃机活塞处在复杂的受热状态,确定各部分换热边界条件成为活塞温度场研究的难点和重点.直接流热耦合法将活塞及与其相互作用同体和流体部分作为一个整体进行研究,将难以确定的外部边界条件转化为内边界,通过能量守恒的方法在固-液交界面上自动完成热量交换.使用CFD软件STAR-CD利用建立的活塞组、机体和冷却水套组成耦合模型,采用直接流热耦合方法计算了某汽油机活塞温度场,计算结果和实验值吻合得较好.     

基于有限元法的活塞-缸套-冷却水系统固流耦合传热研究

发动机活塞-缸套-冷却水组成的固流耦合传热系统涉及固体部件传热以及计算流体力学问题。确定此系统的内部边界条件成为发动机传热研究的难点。因此采用耦合分析方法将固体部件和流体部分作为一个整体进行研究。将活塞、缸套、冷却水系统内边界定义为wall边界，计算时自动在相耦合的两个体之间传递热交换条件，无需再进行单独定义，从而计算时可只定义系统外部边界条件。在进行有限元固流耦合传热计算方法研究基础上针对某6130发动机中活塞-缸套-冷却水系统进行数值仿真，所得结果相对试验结果有较高精度。     

考虑动态摩阻的管道内水气耦合瞬变流的数值模拟

输水管道系统中经常会发生水气耦合瞬变流,可能会引起异常压力波动,甚至造成爆管事故。目前针对水气耦合瞬变流的研究很少考虑动态摩阻的影响,往往会低估瞬变过程能量衰减。对此,引入一种高效准确的简化加权类动态摩阻模型,建立考虑动态摩阻的水气耦合瞬变流模型。同时,采用虚拟塞法避免了特征线法在水气交界面的动态追踪时数值插值和求解的复杂。对比分析该模型计算结果与不考虑动态摩阻模型计算结果、试验数据,发现考虑动态摩阻的模型能更好地预测气团压力衰减和耗散,与试验压力峰值更为接近;入口压力越大,初始气团越小,动态摩阻对压力波动衰减的影响越大。     

充流管道单向流固耦合数值模拟自动化研究

针对充流管道单向流固耦合数值模拟过程复杂、数据在耦合传递中存在偏差的问题,采用C＋＋语言编制了充流管道单向流固耦合数值模拟程序,实现了从模型建立、流体计算到结构分析过程的自动化,确保了从流体计算到结构计算过程中数据传递的准确性．利用参考文献中的试验数据验证了此程序计算结果的正确性,以实际发电厂的一段疏水管道为例进行单向流固耦合数值模拟,描述了程序自动建立管道模型、模拟管内流体压力分布以及将流体压力数据导入管道结构中进行管道应力计算的过程．结果表明：该充流管道单向流固耦合数值模拟程序具有结果准确、操作简便的特点,可应用于多种充流管道的设计改造和风险预测中．     

基于升力面自由尾迹的深海浮式风力机全耦合模型仿真研究

采用基于升力面自由尾迹的气动预测方法构建浮式风力机全耦合模型,采用多体系统动力学模型描述浮式风力机系统的运动响应,基于准静态假设计算系泊系统的系泊力,基于改进Morison公式计算水动力.结果 表明:采用全耦合模型计算得到的叶尖涡轨迹预测值与实验值吻合良好;基于全耦合模型预测得到的浮式风力机运动轨迹与FAST计算结果吻合良好;在风波联合作用下可观察到较为明显的气动-水动耦合现象.     

海上浮式风机运动响应的时域耦合计算方法

摘要： 建立了一种用于计算海上浮式风机运动响应的时域耦合方法,该算法主要由气动力模块、水动力模块、系泊模块和系统运动模块构成。气动力模块采用叶素动量法;水动力模块采用一阶势流理论,通过边界元法求解;系泊模块采用悬链线模型,用Chebyshev多项式进行拟合计算。对于系统运动模块,采用Runge-Kutta法求解。对OC3-Hywind spar风机进行了建模,对各模块及耦合模型的进行对比研究,验证了此耦合计算方法的准确性。并利用该方法计算和分析了此风机的运动响应及其对风机功率的影响。     

汾河流域梯级水库群水沙联合调节计算

关于水库水沙联合调节计算，国内外尚无成熟的方法。在工程实践中开发出了一套梯级水库群水沙联合调节计算耦合模型，该模型通过数据传输将水库群优化调度动态规划模型、水资源系统模拟模型和水库泥沙冲淤计算模型有机结合起来，耦合模型曾成功应用于汾河眩游下静游水库的可行性研究设计中，有效地提高了设计成果的精度和可靠性。耦合模型也适于应用在其他多沙河流的水库规划设计中。     

基于Fluent的自由液面搅拌流场数值模拟

基于fluent6.3仿真软件,采用滑动网格+多相流模型对无挡板圆柱容器、有挡板圆柱容器及无挡板方型容器搅拌流场进行了数值模拟,仿真研究了不同转速和挡板宽度对流场及液面形状的影响。仿真研究表明,该模型既适用于液面形状变化的强环流搅拌过程,也可用于液面近似为水平的完全挡板搅拌过程。由于该模型综合考虑了搅拌过程液面形状的变化,所以其流场仿真结果更为合理可信。     

基于LBM的波浪作用下动量射流数值模拟

为了进一步研究射流在有限水深波浪环境下的流动规律,拓宽LBM在水利工程学科中的应用范围,将LB方法的原理应用于自由表面处理、边界条件设定、紊流模型的耦合求解、造波及消波等关键问题上,建立了二维多松弛LB数值波浪水槽模型。运用该模型模拟不同波浪环境下动量射流的紊动特征及变化规律,得到射流在不同工况下的轴线速度衰减、扩展半宽变化和横断面速度分布等规律。研究表明,该模型具有很好的适用性,可以较好地模拟射流问题。     

来流马赫数对叶栅吸力面可压边界层稳定性影响研究

针对叶栅高速流动稳定性预测及转捩问题，采用理论分析与实验测量相接合的方法。首先推导出正交曲线坐标系下三维扰动波的抛物化稳定性方程（PSE），在风洞实验中，采用叶栅表面压力测孔测量了设计叶栅表面静压分布。根据表面静压分布测量值，通过求解Falkner—Skan方程以获得不同来流马赫数下边界层内速度、压力、密度等参数的分布。将以上结果作为边界层平均流动值，结合数值离散化的正交曲线坐标系非线性抛物化稳定性方程（PSE）对流动的稳定性进行特征值分析。数值离散采用六阶精度差分格式，采用大步长隐格式法求解方程以保证求解的稳定性。计算结果表明本文所选用的实验叶栅由于加工量较小并采用后部加载叶型设计，边界层流动相对稳定。来流马赫数增加对边界层稳定性有微弱影响，会导致流动趋于不稳定。     

基于NWP/CFD嵌套的复杂地形风场模拟研究

为解决复杂地形边界层风场模拟的边界条件问题,结合中尺度数值天气预报(NWP)和小尺度计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,提出一种基于NWP/CFD嵌套的降尺度风场模拟方法。该方法依据NWP低分辨率输出结果,建立目标区域来流边界数据库,并结合反距加权插值获得CFD边界精细格点信息。以沿海地区2处复杂地形为对象,重现目标区域内的风场日变化。参考经验风剖面分布形式,验证插值算法在中小尺度耦合界面数据传递的适用性。然后基于模拟域内实测点数据及误差统计指标,评估风场模拟效果。结果表明,所提降尺度风场模拟方法能有效反映微地形、微气象对风力机尺度大气运动影响。     

Immersed boundary method for the simulation of flows with heat transfer

In the present paper a direct heat source scheme is proposed to let the temperature at the immersed boundary satisfy the temperature Dirichlet boundary condition. And the explicit interactive process of the direct heat source scheme called multi-direct heat source scheme is applied to ensure the satisfaction of the temperature Dirichlet boundary condition at the immersed boundary. The second-order spacial accuracy of the solver is confirmed by simulating the Taylor–Green vortices. The simulations of natural convection between concentric cylinders, and flow past a stationary circular cylinder are conducted to validate the accuracy of present method on solving heat transfer problems. And the computation of flow past a staggered tube bank with heat transfer is conducted to verify the capability of present method on solving complex geometries problems.     

Development of a Compact and Accurate Discretization for Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations Based on an Equation-Solving Solution Gradient,Part III: Fluid Flow Simulations on Staggered Polygonal Grids

A compact and accuracy discretization of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on staggered polygonal grids is presented in this article. It is a sequel to our efforts in developing a feasible solution procedure to simulate incompressible flow problems in complicated domains. By taking advantage of the discretization procedure for the convection-diffusion equation described in our previous work, difference counterparts of the Navier-Stokes equations can be obtained on staggered polygonal grids. Additional ingredients of pressure–velocity coupling and boundary conditions for velocity gradients in the solution procedure are also described. Several test problems are solved to illustrate the feasibility of the present formulation. From the numerical results obtained, it is evident that the proposed scheme is a useful tools to simulate incompressible flow field in arbitrary domains.     

Numerical investigation on the effects of re-organized shock waves on the flow separation for a highly-loaded transonic compressor cascade

This paper presents a detailed numerical investigation of the influence of re-organized shock waves on the flow separation for a highly-loaded transonic compressor cascade. The boundary layer suction (BLS) was used to control the location and strength of shock waves, with the aspirated slot locating at 49% chord, where is just downstream of the impingement point of shock wave at the leading edge. The numerical simulation is based on NUMECA, a commercial software, where the cell-centered control volume approach with third-order spatial accuracy is used to solve the 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations under the Cartesian coordinate system. Several conclusions can be made through the observation of the numerical results. (1) Multiple shock waves in cascade passage leaded the velocity deficits of boundary layer on suction surface downstream of shock wave, resulting in seriously separated flow on the suction side of blade, especially when the front shock wave is much stronger than the rest of the shocks. (2) BLS with small mass flow rate can not effectively improve the boundary layer. When the impingement point of oblique shock wave coming from cascade leading edge is bled to downstream of the passage shock wave by BLS, the boundary layer flow is greatly improved. However, if the BLS mass flow rate exceeds a critical value (1.2%), the boundary layer downstream of shock wave would separate from suction surface. (3) At the blade mid-span, the aerodynamic performance of compressor blade is improved as BLS mass flow rate increases. The optimum BLS is about 1.2%. Compared with the baseline case, the BLS with flow rate of 1.2% increases the total pressure recovery coefficient by 12%, and decreases diffusion factor by 18% and deviation angle to 7 ° while keeping the pressure rise constant. (4) The three dimensional flow structure of the compressor cascade ranged from 25% span to 75% span was improved greatly with the 1.2% BLS flow rate. However it could not control the development of the corner boundary layer effectively.     

Forced Convection Laminar Film Condensation of Downward Flowing Vapor on a Single Horizontal Elliptic Cylinder or a Bank of Elliptical Tubes

A numerical study is performed on the laminar film condensation of pure saturated vapor flowing in the direction of gravity on a single horizontal elliptic cylinder or a bank of elliptical tubes. Temperature, velocity distribution, and heat transfer coefficient of the fully developed flow are carried out with a fully implicit finite difference scheme. The equality of shear stress at the liquid-vapor interface is used as the coupling condition between the two phases. The inertia and convection term are retained in the analysis. Outside of the vapor boundary layer, the vapor phase velocity is obtained from potential flow. The method of source density distribution on the body surface is used for determination of the external vapor velocity in elliptical tube banks. The effect of inundation produced by condensate on upper ellipses is taken into account by assuming that the vapor velocity field is not affected by the condensate flow from one elliptic cylinder to another. Based on the obtained solutions of flow field, the effect of surface tension, the interaction because of the ellipse spacing, and the inundation on the heat transfer coefficient and the boundary layer separation point have been evaluated. The results of this analysis are discussed especially in function of eccentricity e (effect of the surface tension). The heat transfer in interellipse space is analyzed and compared with the theoretical and experimental results of other authors. Good agreement is shown.     

Group Theory Analysis of Free Convective Boundary—Layer Behavior at a Stretching Surface

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Shock train and pseudo-shock phenomena in supersonic internal flows

When a normal shock wave interacts with a boundary layer along a wall surface in supersonic internal flows and the shock is strong enough to separate the boundary layer, the shock is bifurcated and a series of shocks called "shock train" is formed. The flow is decelerated from supersonic to subsonic through the whole interaction region that is referred to as "pseudo-shock". In the present paper some characteristics of the shock train and pseudo-shock and some examples of the pseudo-shocks in some flow devices are described.