大长径比热虹吸管微倾角下传热特性的实验研究

文章针对不同充液量且长径比均为191的铜-水热虹吸管进行了实验研究,并对比分析了其在水平及微倾角状态下的传热特性。在冷却水流量恒定状态下,测量不同加热功率的热虹吸管轴向各测点温度及冷却水进出口水温,考察热虹吸管的轴向温度分布特点及变功率时各测点温度响应情况,计算对比分析热虹吸管的等效对流换热系数。实验结果表明,水平状态下,充液率为20%,30%和45%的热虹吸管,即使在低加热功率下也无法良好传热;充液率为14%的热虹吸管,在加热功率低于10 W时,传热性能良好。微倾角状态下,充液率为14%的热虹吸管传热性能大为改善,其蒸发段、冷凝段及等效对流换热系数均随着加热功率的增大而增大,但在加热功率达到40 W时会出现温度振荡现象。     

热虹吸管温度波动原因分析

对热虹吸管进行了实验研究,分析了影响热虹吸管管壁温度波动的因素。同时基于两相流动及热力学的相关理论,分析了这些因素影响热虹吸管温度波动的内在机理,这一结果对于进一步研究热管内部的传热机理和指导生产具有一定的参考价值。     

两相闭式热虹吸管启动性能试验研究

本文对大长径比两相闭式热虹吸管进行了试验研究。分析了启动过程热管轴向温度分布,部分热管在蒸发段采用了强化传热技术,结果显示：热管的启动性能与工质充液量、热管初始状态以及热管内的强化传热技术关系密切。     

小型热管能量回收机组的实验研究

根据传热学原理,对热虹吸管换热器的传热热阻进行分析,得出影响其热传效率的主要因素为外部对流换热热阻。如何强化热管与外界传热是热虹吸管换热器设计的关键。同时在研究热虹吸管传热的基础上,根据风机盘管的结构,研制出小型吊装单元式热虹吸管能量回收机组。在冬季工况下,通过实验分析了室外新风温度、倾角、迎面风速、室内外温差等参数对样机温度效率的影响,以及样机回收热量与迎面风速的关系,并对样机做经济效益分析,为工程应用提供了参考依据。     

用于太阳能光伏散热器的热虹吸管的设计

太阳能聚光光伏发电系统中电池温度过高会导致发电效率降低,对太阳能电池进行有效的冷却已经成为聚光光伏发电系统保证发电效率和安全运行的关键技术。介绍了采用两相闭式热虹吸管散热器(热管)的方式。根据已知参数设计一个热虹吸管,并做强度校核,保证在极限内热虹吸管可以正常的工作,并选取水作为工作介质。通过实验对热虹吸管的实际工作性能进行分析,得出提高热虹吸管工作效能的结论。     

两相闭式热虹吸管的强化传热实验研究

一、前言 两相闭式热虹吸管作为传热元件的重力热管散热器用于硅元件低温差风冷散热在电力电子设备中开始得到一些应用。随着电力电子设备不断向大功率和小型化方向发展,要求在散热器重量和体积尽可能小的情况下,不断提高散热器的散热功率。采用强化热虹吸管的沸腾和凝结换热的措施,减小蒸发和凝结热阻,对于改善重力热管散热器的性能,提高散热功率有重要意义。     

高温熔盐吸热器的传热研究和系统设计

本文对非均匀辐射热流密度太阳能熔盐吸热器传热过程进行了模拟研究,得到了熔盐吸热器内部的温度、传热性能等特征参数。结果表明在轴向和径向上熔盐流体温度和管壁的温度都非常不均匀,同时其综合传热性能要高于按照Sieder-Tate公式的计算值。并对10 MW塔式太阳能热发电的熔盐吸热器进行了设计和分析。     

两相闭式热虹吸管传热特性研究

本文通过实验研究在不同热流密度下,两相闭式热虹吸管传热特性,并通过计算比较了三个较为常用的换热准则系统,同时提出了改进意见,为热管换热器的设计提供了较为可靠的依据。     

碳钢_水热虹隙管内部强化传热机理研究

在微层蒸发模型的理论基础上,对热虹吸管内部设置分流管结构强化沸腾传热者机理分析。建立分流管强化热哐吸管内部沸腾传热模型,同时选择七种不同的分流管开孔结构,与光滑管进行了对比实验研究,寻得最佳分流管结构,并综合大量实验数据建立强化沸腾传热准数方程式。     

基于非接触测量的圆柱相界面对流传热系数计算方法研究

为发挥非接触测量实验方法在相变对流换热研究中的优点,充分考虑显热传热在整个相变传热中的作用,以长圆柱对流融化过程为研究对象,建立圆柱内部导热控制方程及定解条件,采用三次多项式热平衡积分方法进行近似求解,构建基于非接触测量的圆柱相界面对流换热系数计算方法。建立水流顺掠冰柱实验台,通过对实验例题的分析与讨论得到结论如下:圆柱相界面对流换热系数与相界面位置、圆柱半径融化速率、融化时间、圆柱初始温度及圆柱中心温度等参数有关,该计算方法能够较好的反映出显热变化对于对流换热系数的影响;相界面位置是影响对流换热系数计算准确性的主要因素,提高其测量准确性是减小计算误差的主要努力方向。     

Numerical investigations and engineering applications on freezing expansion of soil restrained two-phase closed thermosyphons

A numerical simulation has been carried out to describe the coupled heat transfer of water-saturated soil with a two-phase closed thermosyphon. This problem is characterized by the phase change occurring in the water-saturated soil, moving freezing front and heat transfer of a two-phase closed thermosyphon. According to the governing equations in the porous media and heat transfer characteristics of the two-phase closed thermosyphon, the temperature distributions in the water-saturated soil and the moving freezing front are solved numerically by the finite-difference method. The predictions of the present study are well agreed with the measured data. The mechanism of the freezing expansion restrained by the two-phase closed thermosyphon is exposed, based on which the effective radius can be determined for engineering applications.     

两相闭式热虹吸管换热特性的数值模拟

本文建立数学模型对两相闭式热虹吸管换热特性进行数值模拟。考察了几何尺寸、工质及加热条件对液膜流态、液膜厚度等的影响,从而提示了这三个部因素影响冷凝段换热特性的内在机理。     

Condensation heat transfer characteristics and concept of sub-flooding limit in a two-phase closed thermosyphon

A condensation model is developed for a two-phase closed thermosyphon by considering the interfacial shear due to mass transfer and interfacial velocity. The model predictions differ substantially from Nusselt's solutions, showing the significance of the interfacial shear on the condensation inside the thermosyphon. It is found that the condensation heat transfer is greatly affected by two controlling parameters—the relative velocity ratio B and the momentum transfer factor U. The sub-flooding limit, which is different from the conventional flooding limit, is proposed to capture the interaction between the condensation and evaporation in the thermosyphon, based on which the critical aspect ratio (radius/length) can be determined to prevent the thermosyphon from heat transfer deterioration.     

A Study of the Heat Transfer Characteristics of an FC-72(C6F14) Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon with Helical Grooves on the Inner Surface

This study is a fundamental work performed to obtain basic information about designing two-phase closed thermosyphons with a working fluid of FC-72 (C₆F₁₄). FC-72 is a kind of alternative refrigerant designed to be chemically safe and more environmentally friendly than any other conventional CFC refrigerants.

To obtain experimental data on operational performances of a FC-72 two-phase closed thermosyphon, an experimental model was designed and manufactured with a micro fin groove copper tube with an outside diameter of 22.2 mm for its container, on which a series of operational performance tests were conducted. Its maximum capacity of heat transport rate was designed to be about 300–400 W. The focus was given to investigate the effects of such parameters as micro fin grooves and fill charge ratios on operational performances of the FC-72 two-phase closed thermosyphon. The experimental data on phase change heat transfer coefficients and heat transport limitations were compared with some corresponding correlations, and a couple of measures that would help to predict operational performances were suggested with some physical explanations.     

Long-term thermal performance of a two-phase thermosyphon solar water heater

This article investigates experimentally the long-term thermal performance of a two-phase thermosyphon solar water heater and compares the results with the conventional systems. Experimental investigations are conducted to obtain the system thermal efficiencies from the hourly, daily and long-term performance tests. Different heat transfer mechanisms, including natural convection, geyser boiling, nucleate boiling and film-wise condensation, are observed in the two-phase thermosyphon solar water heater while solar radiation varies. The thermal performance of the proposed system is compared with that of four conventional solar water heaters. Results show that the proposed system achieves system characteristic efficiency 18% higher than that of the conventional systems by reducing heat loss for the two-phase thermosyphon solar water heater.     

重力热管内部相变及传热传质过程的数值模拟

重力热管内部包含复杂的两相流动以及相变传热过程,传统理论分析及实验手段不能直观给出其内部流动、相变、热质传递的详细信息。采用VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型对重力热管内气液两相流动及传热进行模拟,捕捉到蒸发段气泡产生、合并、长大、上升,以及冷凝段壁面附近液滴形成、合并、下滑、汇集到液池的全过程,得到的壁温分布与实验测量值对比体现良好一致性,表明数值模拟的正确性。同时,以热阻、传热量和热效率为评价标准,研究不同充液率和倾斜角度下对重力热管运行性能的影响。结果表明:在所研究的参数范围内,随着充液率的增加,热阻逐渐减小,冷凝段传热量逐渐增大。且工质初始充注量充满蒸发段时热管性能较好;倾角对热阻的影响不明显,冷凝段传热量和热效率均随倾角增加而增长。     

A two-phase closed thermosyphon

An experimental study on the heat transfer performance of a two-phase closed thermosyphon together with a simple theoretical analysis for its maximum heat transfer capacity has been made. Water and Freon-11 were used as the working fluids. Out of many possible controlling variables, the effects of (a) the amount of working fluid in the tube, (b) the ratio of heated-length to cooled length, (c) the operating pressure, (d) the heat flux and (e) the working fluid, were investigated.     

Thermal performance of an open thermosyphon using nanofluids for high-temperature evacuated tubular solar collectors: Part 1: Indoor experiment

An especial open thermosyphon device used in high-temperature evacuated tubular solar collectors was designed. The indoor experimental research was carried out to investigate the thermal performance of the open thermosyphon using respectively the deionized water and water-based CuO nanofluids as the working liquid. Effects of filling rate, kind of the base fluid, nanoparticle mass concentration and the operating temperature on the evaporating heat transfer characteristics in the open thermosyphon were investigated and discussed. Experiment results show the optimal filling ratio to the evaporator is 60% and the thermal performance of the open thermosyphon increase generally with the increase of the operating temperature. Substituting water-based CuO nanofluids for water as the working fluid can significantly enhance the thermal performance of the evaporator and evaporating heat transfer coefficients may increase by about 30% compared with those of deionized water. The CuO nanoparticles mass concentration has remarkable influence on the heat transfer coefficient in the evaporation section and the mass concentration of 1.2% corresponds to the optimal heat transfer enhancement.     

Thermal performance of a two-phase thermosyphon energy storage system

This article presents an energy storage system, which can be readily integrated with the building structure. It stores heat supplied by solar energy via the two-phase closed loop thermosyphon to storage tank and releases stored heat in energy storage material via two-phase closed thermosyphon to the heat exchanger through the flow of transport fluid. The functions of such energy storage system have three operating modes, i.e., heat charge, heat discharge, and simultaneous charge and discharge. The thermal performance of the system with alcohol and water as working fluid is experimentally investigated. The results show that the storage system employing alcohol as working fluid in the loop thermosyphon provides better performance; the system gives optimum heat charge and discharge performance under 35–40% fill ratio, regardless whether the working fluid is water or alcohol. The system displays optimum charge efficiency of 73% and optimum discharge efficiency of 85% with alcohol as working fluid.     

Influence of carbon nanotube suspension on the thermal performance of a miniature thermosyphon

An experimental study was carried out to understand the heat transfer performance of a miniature thermosyphon using water-based carbon nanotube (CNT) suspensions as the working fluid. The suspensions consisted of deionized water and multi-wall carbon nanotubes with an average diameter of 15 nm and a length range of 5–15 μm. Experiments were performed under three steady operation pressures of 7.4 kPa, 13.2 kPa and 20 kPa, respectively. Effects of the CNT mass concentration and the operation pressure on the average evaporation and condensation heat transfer coefficients, the critical heat flux and the total heat resistance of the thermosyphon were investigated and discussed. Experimental results show that CNT suspensions can apparently improve the thermal performance of the thermosyphon and there is an optimal CNT mass concentration (about 2.0%) to achieve the maximum heat transfer enhancement. The operation pressure has a significant influence on the enhancement of the evaporation heat transfer coefficient, and slight influences on the enhancement of the critical heat flux. The enhanced heat transfer effect is weak at low heat fluxes while it is increased gradually with increasing the heat flux. The present experiment confirms that the thermal performance of a miniature thermosyphon can be strengthened evidently by using CNT suspensions.