滴管掺水节油原理及方法

经一些单位长期使用,柴油机的燃油通过滴管掺水使用,可降低油耗10～15％,平均每马力年节油20公斤左右。一、柴油机燃油掺水为什么能节油根据抗排队的实践和有关部门的探讨,燃油掺水其节油的原理是:在柴油中掺入一定的水,通过搅拌器或超声波发生器的强烈振荡,以及高压泵的吸、压力,混合成油水乳化物。由于油和水的比重和表面张力不同,乳化     

重质油乳化设备及其添加剂

乳化重油技术,国外已有近８０多年的历史,国内也有３０多年的历程。以往的乳化设备主要是静态混合器,串联在管道中,在泵的作用下,油水循环混合,加入乳化剂,使亲水油的ＢＬＨ值保持在一适当值,油水混合后喷入燃烧装置燃烧,达到节油的目的。我所在１９９３年研制成...     

一种低油水比低成本油基钻井液性能研究

油基钻井液具有抗高温、抗盐钙侵、润滑性好、利于井壁稳定以及对油气层损害程度小等突出优点,已成为钻探高难度水平井、大斜度定向井、高温深井和复杂地层的首选体系。目前国内现场使用的油基钻井液的油水比普遍较高、处理剂加量大,成本难以有效降低。针对油田开发降低成本的迫切需求,研制了一套低油水比、低成本的油基钻井液体系。通过对乳化剂、有机土和降滤失剂进行评价,确定了其加量,并通过优化,最终确定了低油水比钻井液配方:0号柴油+1.0%~2.5%有机土+2.0%~3.5%乳化剂+3.0%~4.0%降滤失剂+Ca Cl2水溶液(25%的Ca Cl2)+2.0%的Ca O+重晶石,油水比为70∶30~60∶40,乳化剂加量仅为2.0%~3.5%,抗温能力可达170℃,密度可控制在1.0~2.0g/cm3之间。该低油水比钻井液体系具有较好的抗污染能力、流变性能和极低的滤失量,不仅可满足现场钻井施工的技术要求,而且大幅度降低了油基钻井液的成本,应用前景良好。     

油水分离技术优化研究

现阶段,我国大部分陆上油田已进入开发后期,不仅带来了严重的经济问题,更增加了油水分离的困难程度.目前对于油水分离技术的研究集中于螺旋管和波形板凝结分离器方面,其中波纹板和螺旋管油水分离技术应用广泛.利用CFD软件采用VOF模型对直管、波形管、螺旋管油水分离进行数值模拟,得到了油水分离规律:(1)在输油直管中,离管心越远...     

生物质热解液化技术研究与发展趋势

介绍了生物质热解液化技术,总结了该项技术在原料预处理、热解工艺和生物油分离精制3个方面的最新研究成果。在原料预处理方面,介绍了微波干燥、烘焙和酸洗3种方法;在热解工艺方面,介绍了催化热解和混合热解两种新工艺;在生物油分离精制方面,介绍了催化加氢、催化裂解、催化酯化、乳化燃油和分离提纯5种新技术,并分析展望了生物质热解液化技术的产业化发展趋势。     

重质油的乳化燃烧工程

本文综述了重质油乳化技术近几年的发展。并对重质油乳化技术和乳化燃烧技术的原理进行了初步探讨。     

工业汽轮机油楔式径向轴承结构及性能分析

介绍了工业汽轮机油楔式径向轴承的结构、性能以及特点.通过对油楔式径向轴承的特性分析以及和可倾瓦轴承的比较,论述了油楔式径向轴承的优越性.总结表明,油楔式径向轴承结构简单、承载力大、运行安全可靠,在工业汽轮机领域,其使用场合远大于可倾瓦轴承.     

辽镁矿大型高温回转窑燃用乳化重油节能效果显著

本文以耐火行业高温回转窑应用重油掺水乳化燃烧技术为例,详细介绍了获得乳化油需用的设备及工艺、油水乳化燃料的燃烧技术以及获得显著的节油效果(达6%～7.2%)。     

原油清罐污油膜强化传质技术的应用

原油清罐污油中水和沉淀物含量高,且乳化严重,进常减压和焦化装置回炼时会造成回炼装置运行不平稳,无法实现有效回收。通过在原油清罐污油系统中新增膜强化传质处理装置处理清罐污油,处理装置规模为42kt/a,操作弹性为60%～110%。膜强化传质技术以膜接触反应器和高效油水分离器为核心,结合配套的助剂,使污油在膜接触器内与注水高效传质,打破污油中稳定存在的油-水-固三相"包裹"结构和相互作用的化学键,实现油、水、固三相高效分离和污油清洁回收。膜强化传质处理装置运行结果显示,装置运行平稳,油水分离处理效果良好,污油产品中水和沉淀物的含量≤5%(质量分数),满足回炼要求;切水油含量在7.5～55mg/L,满足进入污水处理场处理的要求。2019年2～8月创造经济效益合计1970万元。存在的问题是尾气非甲烷总烃超标(1108.6mg/m~3),说明尾气处理采用的"吸收+吸附"法分离精度不够,需要采取技改措施进行改善。     

地面旋流油水分离器的结构优化

地面旋流油水分离设备对勘探评价井产出原油的准确计量、原油的回收及返排污水的高效处理具有重要意义,其结构参数对油水分离效率产生巨大影响。为获取旋流油水分离器的最优结构组合,基于计算流体力学的离散相模型对分离器内油水两相的三维湍流强旋流场进行数值模拟研究,以油水分离效率为判断标准,分析各关键结构参数对分离效率的影响规律,采用正交试验方法,优化设计分离器的结构尺寸,并进行现场试验。研究结果表明:油水分离效率随着进液口直径和圆锥段角度的增大先增大后减小,随着排油口直径的增大逐渐减小,随着圆柱段长度的增大逐渐增大;最优结构参数组合为圆锥段角度α=11°,进液口直径D1=12mm,排油口直径D2=3mm,圆柱段长度L=70mm。现场试验表明,该旋流油水分离设备体积小、处理量大、使用方便,可高效分离油气井返排液中的原油,实现原油的精确测量,对合理的勘探开发方案的制定具有重要意义。     

多孔材料在油水分离装置中的应用

介绍了一种新的含油污水的油水分离方法，采取的主要措施是使用一种特殊设计的多孔材料，该多孔材料经过表面化学处理使其表面结构具有亲油的特性。当油水混合物流经该多孔材料时，其中细小的油滴被该材料粘住，而水则从该材料的多孔结构中流过。当不断聚集的细小油滴聚合成较大的油滴时，其斯托克斯力大于表面粘力。该油滴就受斯托克斯力的驱动，脱离粘住油滴的多孔材料向上浮升。     

Dynamic Interfacial Tension between Crude Oil and Dodecylmethylnaphthalene Sulfonate Surfactant Flooding Systems

Abstract

The surface tension of surfactant aqueous solutions and dynamic interfacial tensions (DIT) between crude oil, offered from Shengli Oil Field in China, and surfactant flooding systems, and the single-component dodecylmethylnaphthalene sulfonate (DMNS) surfactant, developed in our laboratory, were measured. In the present report, both buffered alkali and no alkali flooding systems were investigated. It was found that DMNS surfactant possessed great capability and efficiency of lowering the solution surface tension and the critical micelle concentration (cmc) is 0.002 mass% and the surface tension at this concentration is 29.39 mN.m^?1. It was also found that the DMNS surfactant is also greatly effective in reducing the interfacial tensions and can lower the tension of crude oil-water interface to ultra-low at very low surfactant concentration and an optimum range of sodium chloride. The lower alkali concentration is favorable for lowering DIT. The higher alkali concentration needs a higher surfactant concentration for oil flooding systems lowering DIT. Moreover, the results indicate that there obviously exists both synergism and antagonism among the surfactant, alkali and inorganic salt. The added surfactant play an important role in reducing DIT, and the prepared DMNS surfactant possesses great capability and efficiency in lowering the interfacial tension between oil and water. The salt-modified surfactant flooding systems without alkali, decreasing the cost of oil recovery and avoiding the stratum being destroyed would have a great prospect for enhanced oil recovery.     

Nanoemulsion for oil-contaminated oil-based drill cuttings removel in lab

This paper demonstrates a new nanoemulsion NA-R, is an oil-in-water emulsion. It shows the natural distribution of <100 nm particle size. NA-R is able to provide ultralow surface tension of 33 mN/m and ultralow interfacial tension of 1.35 mN/m. When using it to remove the oil from the cuttings, it is able to reduce the contact angle and capillary force on the cuttings particle surface, subsequently, allowed water to penetrate and wet the particle surface and accessible pores. Once the particles surfaces are water-wet, oil will instantly repel from it and easily segregate through centrifuge force. It was found that the oil removal rate in the cuttings after treatment with nanoemulsion cleaning process was able to reach 95.7%.     

Dynamic Interfacial Tension Between Crude Oil and Octylmethylnaphthalene Sulfonate Solution

The surface tension of surfactant aqueous solutions and dynamic interfacial tensions (DIT) between Shengli Oilfield crude oil and solution of octyl methylnaphthalene sulfonate surfactants (OMNS) have been measured. The effects of various parameters such as surfactant concentration, salinity and sodium carbonate concentration on the interfacial behavior of crude oil-water were investigated. It was found that the prepared surfactants can reduce the interfacial tension to ultra-low only at certain surfactant concentration, salinity and alkaline concentration ranges. It was also found that there exist optimum values with respect to all of surfactant concentration, salinity and alkaline concentration. The DIT can low to 10^?6 mN.m^?1 under the optimum conditions. Moreover, the DIT behavior of OMNS flooding without alkaline has also been investigated. It was found that the DIT also reaches ultra-low value under the optimum sodium chloride concentration without alkaline. The results show that the OMNS is more effective on lowering surface tension of aqueous solutions and dynamic interfacial tensions (DIT) between crude oil and water. OMNS possesses a great potential to be used in EOR with low costs and high efficiency.     

溶剂法纤维素中空膜的应用研究

参考纺织行业成熟的Lyocell工艺,以N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)为溶剂物理溶解纤维素,制备了新型溶剂法纤维素中空纤维膜,并介绍了该膜在气体、油水分离以及油品脱硫等方面的应用研究进展。     

混炼含酸重质劣质原油的电脱盐技术选择探讨

茂名石化公司自混炼高酸原油后,原油脱前和脱后盐含量都明显提高,脱后平均盐含量达到7mg／L以上,2007年7月脱盐和脱水合格率分别仅为38．46％和20％。影响电脱盐过程的因素有电脱盐罐内部结构、破乳剂、脱盐温度、混合强度、脱盐罐内电场强度、油水界面控制、注水量等。根据国内同类装置经验,建议采取降低进厂原油的盐含量、水含量;加强生产操作管理,强化对电脱盐工艺各项指标的考核;将二级脱盐改为三级脱盐;采用超声波脱盐技术或高速电脱盐技术;针对原油特性加强对破乳剂的筛选和使用;进行电脱盐工艺条件的优化评定;采用热量前移方法对装置换热管网进行优化改造,提高原油进电脱盐罐温度等措施,以解决电脱盐后盐含量超标问题。     

柴油乳化燃料的配制及应用

本文系统地介绍了柴油乳化燃料的配制设备、方法及其稳定性影响因素,其中阐明了除使用合适的乳化设备外,应用恰当的乳化方法,如混合膜生成法也可得到性能比较稳定的乳化燃料;利用配比合适的Ｓｐａｎ８０和Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０混合乳化剂可在油－水界面上形成络合物,使乳化液更趋稳定;乳化液两相密度差也是影响其稳定性的重要因素之一。文章最后对柴油乳化燃料的应用作了分类总结,指出柴油－甲醇(乙醇)－水复合乳化燃料和植物油燃料是代用燃料的今后发展趋势。     

立式电机绕簧管轴承油冷却器传热性能实验研究

对采用绕簧管的立式电机轴承油冷却器进行了传热性能实验.根据实验数据对冷却器油侧和水侧换热热阻进行了分离,结果显示,油侧换热热阻为水侧的4~12倍.实验结果表明:油流量对冷却器传热系数的影响较大,油流量每增加10 L·min~(-1),总传热系数增大60~70 W·m~(-2)·K~(-1);水流速对冷却器换热系数的影响相对较小;增加换热管的翅化比或提高油流速以降低油侧的换热热阻是提高油冷却器传热性能的关键;采用绕簧管的立式电机轴承油冷却器的传热系数要优于常规采用双金属轧制式翅片管的油冷却器.     

BIP生物复配破乳剂的研究与室内评价

随着高含水油田三次采油技术的大量应用,采出液分离与原油脱水逐渐成为老大难问题,原有化学破乳剂面临着脱出水处理困难与选择性强等问题,环保型生物破乳剂的研究显得尤为重要。本实验采用《原油破乳剂使用性能检测方法(瓶试法)》,将初步筛选出的高效生物破乳剂BIP与多种嵌段聚醚类化学破乳剂进行了不同比例复配体系的室内乳状液破乳效果研究。实验发现,不同复配体系破乳后的油水界面清晰,脱出水中含油量低,生物复配体系破乳剂24h的破乳效率均达到95%以上。实验结果显示,不同比例的生物破乳剂复配体系的破乳效率略有不同,但总体规律基本一致。生物破乳剂本身的破乳效率较化学破乳剂低,但两者之间存在明显的协同作用,优于单一破乳剂的使用。本实验未对不同化学破乳剂与生物破乳剂进行复配实验,不排除存在复配不理想的结果 。     

A novel polymer encapsulated silica nanoparticles for water control in development of fossil hydrogen energy—tight carbonate oil reservoir by acid fracturing

This paper introduces and evaluates performance of a novel polymer encapsulated silica nanoparticles (CM-NPs) as RPM on reducing water-cut in tight carbonate oil formations with multistage hydraulic fractures. CM-NPs as RPM were prepared by graft-polymerization and quaternization and then identified by FT-IR method. Changes in the core surface properties and oil/water relative permeability were identified by SEM, XPS, wettability measurements and core flooding experiments. Certain changes occur, as confirmed by SEM and XPS, in the element compositions and microstructure of the core surface after introducing CM-NPs on the reservoir rock surface. Such changes irreversibly alter its wettability from the hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. During the displacement experiments, there exists a disproportionate permeability reduction on relative permeability of the oil-water systems. Because of microstructure change of core surface, water relative permeability is reduced up to 60% and water flow restricted by hydrophilic polymer chains on the surface of CM-NPs while oil relative permeability decreases by less than 15% at different stages of water saturation. In addition, the rheological measurements and water drive tests shows the CM-NP solution has good acid resistance and strong adsorption on the core surface, keeping a long-term period of water control after acid fracturing in tight carbonate oil reservoir.