海上风电场开发

20世纪 70年代石油危机以后,开始了风能利用的新时代。世界上很多国家开始制定计划,考虑开发海上风电场。海上风电场的风速高于陆地风电场的风速,但海上风电场与电网联接的成本比陆地风电场要高。这两个相反因素比较之后,海上风电场的成本和陆地风电场的基本上相同。1海上风电场发展进程　　海上风电场的开发主要集中在欧洲和美国。大致可分为五个不同时期：　　欧洲对国家级海上风电场的资源和技术进行研究 (1977— 1988年 );　　欧洲级海上风电场研究,并开始实施第一批示范计划 (1990— 1998年 );　　中型海上风电场 (1991— 199…     

国外海上风电场发展和启示

对国外海上风电场发展现状和趋势进行了概要的介绍，对GE公司在海上风电核心技术研发、产业化发展和海上风电场建设上的成功经验做了分析，对推进我国海上风电场建设提出了工作措施、配套政策等方面的建议。     

风电一颗星：记我国南澳风电场的建设

风电一颗星──记我国南澳风电场的建设海风表１月平均风速（米／秒）表２年有效风速（３—２０米／秒）累积时数表３年有效风通频率ｖ（％）表４年平均有如风能功率由度ｗ（瓦／米２）表５年有效风能密度Ｅ（度／米２）南澳风电场建在广东省南澳岛上。该岛地处台湾海峡西...     

东海海上风电场的运行管理实践与成果

介绍了上海东海大桥风电场的运行管理的制度建设和运行实践以及取得的成果,分析了海上风电场运行管理的重点和难点,为海上风电场的运行管理做了有益的探索。     

海上风电场施工方法初探

阐述了国外海上风电发展现状和施工方式,对国内海上施工设备和能力进行了分析,为国内海上风电施工提出了建议方法。     

我国第一个大型海上风电场开始建设

位于上海市南汇区近海海域的风电场已进入实质性建设阶段,这是我国第一个大型离岸型海上风电场项目。容量10万kW的34台风电机组将分布在东海大桥东侧,北距海岸线8km,南距海岸线13km。工程总投资23．6亿元,工期25个月。     

亚洲最大海上风电场选址岱山

2005年1月6日，浙江绿能投资有限公司与岱山县签订了海上风电场建设项目投资协议书，计划总投资20亿元人民币，在岱山县拷门海塘附近60km2浅海海域，建设100台2000kW巨大风机，总装机容量达20万kW。据了解，该海上风电场建成后，将成为亚洲最大的海上风电场。岱山风力发电规划要建设衢山、长涂、拷门三个风电场，     

海上风力发电复合筒型基础拖航稳性研究

  目的  海上风力发电复合筒型基础作为一步式运输安装技术的基础,已经广泛用于海上风电的发展。文章主要研究内容为保证复合筒型基础在施工过程中的稳定性。  方法  通过一步式运输安装船运输现场实验,对江苏响水25#风电整机施工过程中塔筒、叶片吊装以及拖航过程进行实时监测。  结果  结果显示,塔筒、叶片吊装过程中复合筒型基础倾角较小;拖航过程中船筒间相互作用力、横纵摇角以及筒内液封高度均满足要求。  结论  表明塔筒、叶片吊装过程中,复合筒型基础具有良好的稳定性;拖航过程中,运输船与复合筒型基础紧密贴合,能保证运输过程中整体结构的稳定;并且复合筒型基础在拖航过程中能够提供稳定的浮力。     

海上风电场工程高桩承台基础施工费用研究

通过对海上风电高桩承台基础施工工艺的研究,分析了高桩承台基础的施工资源配置和施工效率;按照实物法的思路对海上风电高桩承台基础施工费用中钢管桩运输安装等主要单价进行测算;并引入蒙特卡罗模拟进行数据的合理性分析。文章为合理确定海上风电场工程建设投资提供了思路和参考数据。     

Evaluation of wind farm efficiency and wind turbine wakes at the Nysted offshore wind farm

Here, we quantify relationships between wind farm efficiency and wind speed, direction, turbulence and atmospheric stability using power output from the large offshore wind farm at Nysted in Denmark. Wake losses are, as expected, most strongly related to wind speed variations through the turbine thrust coefficient; with direction, atmospheric stability and turbulence as important second order effects. While the wind farm efficiency is highly dependent on the distribution of wind speeds and wind direction, it is shown that the impact of turbine spacing on wake losses and turbine efficiency can be quantified, albeit with relatively large uncertainty due to stochastic effects in the data. There is evidence of the ‘deep array effect’ in that wake losses in the centre of the wind farm are under‐estimated by the wind farm model WAsP, although overall efficiency of the wind farm is well predicted due to compensating edge effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于CFO的海上风电场微观选址优化算法研究

海上风电场用海面积有限,尾流影响比陆上大,微观选址是其规划设计的关键技术。传统优化算法大多采用离散化变量,使得潜在解空间减少到有限个,难以达到最优化的效果。为了提高海上风电场微观选址优化效率,文章提出了一种基于中心引力优化(CFO)算法的海上风电场微观选址方法。该算法使用实数编码,通过将微观选址优化的变量假设为天体,各个天体之间相互作用,达到平衡的原理,具有可能得到全局最优解和效率高的优点。使用该算法对海上风电场微观选址优化进行仿真,并与现有方法比较。结果表明,所提出的算法得到的排布方式发电量最高,并具有优化精度高、速度快和优化排布较为均匀的特点。该研究结果可以为实际工程应用提供参考。     

海上风电场并网后的潮流计算研究

根据海上风电机组的特点,建立了简化的异步发电机组等效稳态模型。考虑海上风能速度与发电机组的有功功率、机端电压、无功功率以及滑差率的关系,设计出有大型海上风电场并网的电力系统潮流计算方法;并通过电力系统分析综合程序(PSASP)的用户程序接口(UPI)调用动态连接库文件,进行系统的潮流计算;最后通过PSASP自带的WSCC9节点系统验证了设计的可行性。     

VSC-HVDC在海上风电输电系统的应用研究

海上风电须进行远距离传输,大规模风电场采用直流输电技术的运营费用比交流输电技术低。为保证风能质量和电网稳定性,提出了应用VSC-HVDC直流输电技术,重点研究该直流输电系统的控制技术特点。在VSC-HVDC稳态数学模型的基础上,提出了用于该系统的闭环PI控制器,并辅以PSCAD/EMTDC建模仿真。仿真结果表明,该控制器简便有效,能够满足稳定运行的需求。     

大连近海风电场风机机组的选型与布置初探

风机的选型与布置是风电场建设可行性研究的重要内容,对风电场的建设造价和投产后的发电效益有重要的影响。文章在大连近海风资源评估的基础上,综合考虑国内外风力发电机组的制造水平、技术成熟程度,选择4种机型,布置在两个参考场址,预测其理论发电量,通过技术经济比较,选出最佳机型。一号场址的水文地质条件比较利于风机布置,可安装34台单机容量为3 MW的风力发电机组,布置方式为2排17列,年上网发电量约为26 262万kWh。     

Feasibility study of offshore wind turbine substructures for southwest offshore wind farm project in Korea

Korea has huge potential for offshore wind energy and the first Korean offshore wind farm has been initiated off the southwest coast. With increasing water depth, different substructures of the offshore wind turbine, such as the jacket and multipile, are the increasing focus of attention because they appear to be cost-effective. However, these substructures are still in the early stages of development in the offshore wind industry. The aim of the present study was to design a suitable substructure, such as a jacket or multipile, to support a 5 MW wind turbine in 33 m deep water for the Korean Southwest Offshore Wind Farm. This study also aimed to compare the dynamic responses of different substructures including the monopile, jacket and multipile and evaluate their feasibility. We therefore performed an eigenanalysis and a coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulation under deterministic and stochastic conditions in the environmental conditions in Korea. The results showed that the designed jacket and multipile substructures, together with the modified monopile, were well located at soft–stiff intervals, where most modern utility-scale wind turbine support structures are designed. The dynamic responses of the different substructures showed that of the three substructures, the performance of the jacket was very good. In addition, considering the simple configuration of the multipile, which results in lower manufacturing cost, this substructure can provide another possible solution for Korean’s first offshore wind farm. This study provides knowledge that can be applied for the deployment of large-scale offshore wind turbines in intermediate water depths in Korea.     

The key technology of offshore wind farm and its new development in China

The paper reviews characteristics and the developing state of abroad offshore wind farm briefly, and the key technology related to offshore wind farm. The optimization configuration and assessment of abroad offshore wind farm, and rational distribution assess, offshore wind farm electric transmission technology, system insert with operating, wind farm MES and wind turbine base, etc., are studied to put forward corresponding implementation and solution. The conditions for research and development, and demonstration of its application are suggested. Through studying key offshore wind farm technology, we can make offshore wind farm system optimization designing techniques reach the most advanced levels internationally, train teams with innovation ability, which are engaged in designing and running wind farm to manage wind-power electricity generation and wind farm design . All of these are of strategic, economic, social and academic value.     

计及风向不确定性的海上风电场年发电量计算

以欧洲Lillgrund海上风电场为例,建立基于Larsen尾流模型及线性叠加模型的风电场输出功率及发电量计算模型;考虑风电机组偏航偏差等风向不确定性的影响,建立基于高斯平均方法的风电场计算功率修正模型;结合风电场实测数据及发电量计算收敛过程分析,研究了修正模型对风电场功率及发电量计算的影响。结果表明,所建立的尾流作用下的风电场功率计算模型能够较好地反应实际风电场的尾流影响特征,高斯平均修正方法进一步提高了尾流作用下风电场功率计算精度,并提高了发电量计算的收敛速度。在风电场年发电量计算中考虑风向不确定性的影响,对于提高模型评估与验证的准确性具有重要意义。