空调建筑外墙和屋顶经济绝热厚度的计算

该文介绍了种计算空调建筑外墙和屋顶经济绝热厚度的模型。该模型根据热流通过不同组件时间的相关分析并运用Lagrange乘子法，计算了不同增初投资额条件下外墙和屋顶的经济绝热厚度。运用该模型，依据上海、南京、武汉和重庆的气候参数对一典型住宅建筑进行了数值计算。计算结果表明，从经济评价角度来看，外墙保温隔热宜采用各热材料价格和气候因素对外墙和屋顶绝热材料厚度取值的影响。     

夏热冬暖地区办公建筑能耗模拟与分析

夏热冬暖地区是我国经济和建筑产业最发达的地区之一,也是建筑能耗最多的地区之一。分析和研究夏热冬暖地区建筑能耗的特点对建筑节能有重要的意义。本文用eQUEST建筑能耗模拟软件模拟了夏热冬暖气候下不同的建筑围护结构的能耗性能,并与实际调查结果进行了比较。结论表明:办公类建筑中的空调是最大的能耗终端,全年的能耗以办公设备和照明的能耗最稳定。有外保温措施和同时具有内、外保温措施最大区别在于节省空调电力消耗31.3%和39.1%。说明建筑外墙保温系统是建筑节能的重要手段。     

节能住宅到底能省多少

下面一组数据是对一个国家节能示范小区住宅的各方面能源消耗的测量数值,从中我们可以领略到一些节能住宅对能源的节约作用。1.据对小区居民抽样调查反映,外墙采用建筑保温隔热材料的住宅,居民启用空调制冷送暖期比未采用外墙保温材料的住宅要少两个月,且每天运行时间短、耗能少,节能在30%以上。     

夏热冬冷地区老旧小区外墙节能改造评价体系研究

通过介绍夏热冬冷地区的气候以及建筑结构的特点,对目前的外墙保温系统进行分析。在该地区外墙外保温系统的既有规范在此基础上,提出了老旧小区的外墙节能改造评价体系。     

夏季城市住宅能源消费调查与比较

对哈尔滨、北京、南京、上海、重庆、长沙和广州7个城市的住宅围护结构、住户的夏季生活方式等进行了问卷调查,对这7个城市能源消费的差异等进行了分析比较.调查研究分析结果表明:(1)严寒地区和寒冷地区的住宅建筑围护结构的保温性能更好,夏季较短而且室外气温相对较低,从而空调占有率以及使用时间都较低;(2)夏热冬冷地区的南京、上海、长沙和重庆,空调的占有率在80%以上,7月下旬到8月上旬冷气设备的使用率达到最大,特别是重庆夏季还要除湿,所以空调电耗特别高;(3)夏热冬暖气候区域的广州,住宅空调使用时间从5月到10月,在所调查城市中最长,所以电耗也较大.     

严寒地区节能型村镇住宅热设计

计算公式不完全反映室内热作用规律、计算参数取值不尽合理,是严寒地区村镇住宅外墙保温性能不佳、内表面普遍结露或结霜、室内气温低及浪费能源的重要原因。我国“民用建筑热工设计规程”只适用于集中采暖的建筑,对于严寒地区量大面广的火炕及火墙采暖的村镇住宅外墙的热工设计方法并未提及。我们根据冬季室内热作用规律及现场测量结果,应用建筑围护结构的非稳态传热理论,提出了较为科学的计算公式及计算参数取值方法,从理论上探索了严寒地区村镇靠火炕、火墙     

建筑物外墙逐时负荷计算及空调节能分析

以 3种典型的建筑外墙体结构为例 ,在室外温度周期性非稳态变化的条件下 ,分别对其进行了动态负荷计算。分析了通过不同建筑外墙形成的冷负荷的变化特性 ,结合评价人体舒适性的PMV指标 ,探讨了建筑外墙结构和室内空调设计参数对空调节能的重大影响     

苏南住宅冬季采暖模式对比分析

依据苏南地区气候特征和住宅建筑特点,对苏南地区住宅采暖方式进行调查,分析目前常用各类采暖方式的适用性和经济性,同时考虑该地区居民的生活习惯,分析人员行为对住宅冬季能耗的影响。通过实际调研数据的分析比较,认为户式燃气壁挂炉采暖、集中供暖系统不适宜在该地区做大范围推广,电采暖不能作为主要采暖设备,只能作为其他采暖形式的补充。"部分时间,部分空间"的分散空调系统是最适合苏南住宅建筑的采暖模式。人员的行为对能耗高低影响很大,对居民进行用能行为方面的节能教育非常重要。     

高寒地区乡村住宅的节能设计研究

气温低、风速大、太阳辐射强度及日照率大等,是乡村与城市建筑气候的明显区别。我国北方地区乡村住宅建筑主要采用火墙、火炕采暖。因此,高寒地区乡村住宅建筑的设计,必须以有效地抵御风寒、保温、节能为基本出发点。设计乡村住宅时:既要保温、节能、利用太阳辐射热,又要有效地防止冷风吹袭及过量的冷风渗透;既要确保主要使用房间有足够的温     

夏热冬暖地区办公建筑围护结构改造节能经济性分析

对夏热冬暖地区某办公建筑进行能耗测试,利用能耗模拟软件TRNSYS对该建筑空调能耗进行模拟,分析空调冷负荷对于各围护结构的敏感性,对影响能耗显著的外墙、遮阳系数及建筑渗透率进行改造。利用NPV动态经济评价体系,在建筑运行时间内对26种改造方案进行节能经济性分析。结果表明,外墙中度强化、建筑渗透率高度强化及遮阳系数高度强化方案的经济收益值最大,改造成本回收年限较短,为经济性最优改造方案。     

不同地区住宅能耗与太阳能吸收式空调系统匹配性分析与模拟研究

为了满足农村住宅清洁用能的需求,多种形式的能源系统逐渐开始应用于广大的农村地区。随着太阳能集热器集热效率的提高,热驱动机组各项性能不断改善,这样有利于太阳能吸收式空调系统在农村地区的应用。为了研究太阳能吸收式空调系统与农村住宅全年能耗的匹配问题,文章首先建立了DeST住宅模型,然后利用TRNSYS软件建立了太阳能吸收式空调系统模型,最后根据模拟结果对国内不同气候区内农村住宅供热季、供冷季的平均热负荷值,以及全年的能耗进行分析。此外,文章还分析了典型日太阳能吸收式空调系统的运行策略与效果。分析结果表明:在无辅助热源的条件下,太阳能集热器的集热温度会大于80℃,满足空调机组的热驱动温度,因此可以作为太阳能吸收式空调系统的的热源;当启动温度为85℃时,空调机组的制冷量可以达到8 kW,性能系数COP为0.733。     

变频式户式空调的应用探讨

节能一直是暖通空调的热门话题。近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，居住环境有了很大的改善，人们对住宅建筑提出了更高的舒适性要求，家用空调市场空前火爆起来，面对如此巨大的家用空调消费群体，本文从节能的角度出发，指出了变频式户式空调方式是一种值得推荐的住宅空调方式。     

Contribution to the Study of the Reduction of Energy Consumption through the Exchanger Coupled Conventional Air‐Ground‐Air Conditioner. Application to the Building

In this study, a new method of using the earth‐air heat exchangers to reduce energy consumption in buildings is discussed. The idea is to couple the EAHE with the condenser of a residential air conditioning system to enhance the effectiveness of the latter. Under the climatic conditions of high temperature in summer (south‐eastern region of Algeria), which can sometimes exceed 50 °C, what makes the heat exchange between the air conditioner and the external environment very difficult in addition to the problem of thermal comfort and the cost of energy consumption. Conducting a simulation by the TRNSYS software that allows to couple the model of the EAHE with the condenser of a residential air conditioner and connect the system with a building. The results show a clear reduction in the energy consumed by this system in connection with the direct use of the air conditioner and increase air conditioning efficiency, coefficient of performance, and energy efficiency rating. In this paper the Hollmuller model was ameliorated and the obtained results are in concord with it. The system is capable of resolving the problem of mal cooling of buildings by air conditioners under critical climate conditions, in addition to lowering the heat output of the condenser, and reducing its effect on the environment.     

A simplification of weather data to evaluate daily and monthly energy needs of residential buildings

Hourly, daily, monthly and annual heating and cooling requirements of a residential building located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada were estimated, employing ENERPASS as the energy simulation tool, and performing hour-by-hour energy analysis. The following weather data were employed:

1. (i) Ten years (1967–1976) of weather data. The ten-year average of the results is identified as TYA.

2. (ii) A typical meteorological year (TMY) generated using the same ten years of data.

3. (iii) Two different hourly ambient air temperature distributions (T1 and T2) for a typical day in each month. The solar radiation on each surface was estimated using the mean monthly clearness index.

The house use patterns, including heat generation and the thermostat setting, were taken the same when using TYA, TMY, T1 or T2. The analysis was carried out for the house as it is (well insulated and airtight), and for two modifications: one with larger infiltration rate and lower wall thermal resistance, and the other with larger south-facing window area and using super-windows. The results of this study show that the long-range hourly, daily, monthly and annual heating and cooling requirements of a residential building located in a cold climate can be predicted by employing mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures and the mean monthly clearness index for each month. This amounts to substantial savings in computational costs, in either using many years of weather data or generating a TMY for the site. For locations lacking detailed hourly weather data, the use of data and the procedure outlined in this study may be employed to predict the long-range thermal performance of simple residential buildings.     

单一地板辐射供冷空调方式适用区域的划分

叙述了不加置换通风等其他空气处理方式单一地板辐射供冷空调系统的局限性和可行性以及结合中国各主要城市逐时气象参数,对普通住宅建筑,划分了单一地板辐射供冷空调方式的适用区域。     

太阳辐射下建筑围护结构的动态热平衡模型及实例分析

区别以往仅考虑太阳辐射的静态方法,建立了一个考虑围护结构蓄热和传热的动态的建筑围护结构热平衡模型,并用该模型计算了济南夏季某日某单栋建筑各围护结构外表面的温度。     

商业综合体建筑空调系统节能设计的几点思考

针对商业综合体建筑的具体特点,从建筑物的全生命周期的角度出发,考虑设计工况与运行工况的不同差异,对空调系统中在设计与运行等方面的若干问题进行分析,探讨商业综合体建筑空调系统节能方法。     

余热回收吸收式制冷集中空调方案研究

为回收大型炼油装置丰富的低温余热用于生活区的夏季集中空调，本文对余热资源状况和生活区集中空调建筑物供冷负荷分别进行了综合标定和统计计算，在分析比较的基础上确定采用余热热水型溴化锂吸收式制冷冷水机组和半集中式风机盘管全水型空调系统，并利用现有双管制热水集中供暖管网和泵站输送空调冷水，可以显著地节约投资。技术经济分析表明，该方案在技术上可行，节能效果和经济效益十分显著，而且可以大大改善厂区的热污染和居民的生活条件。     

Design of a solar heating and cooling system for CSU solar house II

This paper describes the design of a solar air heating and night/day exchange cooling system with emphasis on the operational modes. In this type of system the collector absorbs solar energy and converts it to heat for space heating and domestic water heating. Cooling is accomplished by using the cool night air available in dry climates) to cool a pebble-bed storage unit and subsequently using the cool pebbles to lower the air temperature in the building during the day. Circulation is from the solar system to the building in the same manner as most modern heating and air conditioning units but uses air as the medium for heat transfer. The air system is particularly suited for climatic regions where heating loads are high and cooling requirements are moderate. The system utilized in Solar House II operates in either the heating or cooling mode as selected through a seasonable change-over switch. Solar preheated hot water is furnished for domestic use in either mode.