泡沫铁/石蜡复合相变储能材料放热过程及其热量传递规律CSCD

石蜡作为相变储能材料具有储能密度大的优势,但其导热率较低。以石蜡作为相变储能材料、金属泡沫铁作为导热增强材料,通过对泡沫铁/石蜡复合相变储能材料的制备及其放热过程测试,探究了两种厚度金属泡沫铁对石蜡放热过程的强化作用和传热过程。结果表明,泡沫铁能缩短石蜡放热时间,提高放热效率。相比对照组,厚10 mm和15 mm的泡沫铁/石蜡复合相变储能材料相变时间分别缩短了1/3和1/4,相变放热密度分别减小了1.60%和3.26%,两者的相变放热速率是相应对照组的1.44和1.27倍。同时,还对15 mm泡沫铁/石蜡复合相变储能材料放热过程中,对流换热系数与相变时间和材料温度的关系分别进行了模拟,得到相应的理论公式,该公式所求得的模拟值与实际值较接近,可用于预测不同放热时间或材料温度下复合相变储能材料的换热能力。     

石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变储热材料的研究

以膨胀石墨为基体,石蜡为相变储热介质,利用膨胀石墨对石蜡良好的吸附性能,制备出了石蜡／膨胀 石墨复合相变储热材料。由于毛细作用力和表面张力的作用,石蜡在固-液相变时,很难从膨胀石墨的微孔中渗 透出来。实验结果表明,石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变储热材料没有改变膨胀石墨的结构和石蜡的固-液相变温度, 且其结合了石墨高的导热系数和石蜡大的相变潜热,因而储热密度较高,导热性能好。其相变潜热与对应质量 分率下的石蜡相当,储/放热时间比石蜡明显减少。     

纳米铝粉/石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备及性能研究

将具有导热系数高,与石蜡相容性较好特点的纳米铝粉加入到液体石蜡中,形成纳米铝粉/石蜡流体,利用膨胀石墨特有的网络状孔隙结构以及对石蜡的高吸附性能,制备出了纳米铝粉/石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料,解决了纳米铝粉在液体石蜡中容易发生团聚和沉降的问题,并通过实验研究了其热物性能。研究结果表明:当石蜡与膨胀石墨质量百分比例为93/7,加入纳米铝粉的质量分数低于3%时,膨胀石墨可以稳定的吸附纳米流体,经反复循环蓄、放热,纳米流体不会出现泄漏问题,且对复合相变材料的体积和蓄热能力没有影响;膨胀石墨的网络状孔隙结构可以抑制纳米铝粉的团聚现象,但随着纳米铝粉含量的增加,纳米颗粒仍会发生团聚现象,复合相变材料的导热系数,蓄、放热速度均呈非线性增加。应控制纳米铝粉的加入量,当纳米铝粉质量分数为2%时,纳米铝粉颗粒未发生明显团聚现象,复合相变材料的热性能较好。     

Discharge performance of a thermal energy storage unit with paraffin-expanded graphite composite phase change materials

本工作对石蜡（PA）及石蜡/膨胀石墨（97% PA/3% EG和95% PA/5% EG）复合相变储热材料的热性能进行了探究,考察了不同直径储热单元在干燥介质温度为25℃,风速为0.8 m/s条件下的放热性能。结果表明,在石蜡中添加膨胀石墨后,复合材料导热系数较纯石蜡分别提高了178.10%和214.30%,可以有效改善石蜡的导热性能,缩短放热时间;储热单元直径对放热性能有显著影响,随着石蜡相变储热单元直径的增大,放热时间线性增加;膨胀石墨的添加可以明显缩短放热时间,随膨胀石墨含量的增加,相同直径储热单元的放热时间逐渐缩短;膨胀石墨对储热单元放热性能的改善效果随直径变化而不同,在一定范围内随储热单元直径的增大而效果逐渐显著,达到极值后随直径的增大效果逐渐减弱,本实验条件下,最优储热单元直径在35~50 mm之间。结合实际生产需求,最优直径为35 mm。     

石墨泡沫/石蜡储热装置的凝固过程分析

石蜡相变材料的导热系数较小,严重影响了其传热速率和凝固速率。通过对填充石墨泡沫/石蜡的储能系统进行凝固过程的模拟,确定了石墨泡沫对相变储能系统性能的影响。研究结果表明石墨泡沫不仅大大缩短了相变凝固时间,也使储能系统的温度分布更加均匀;通过分析冷却水进口速度和温度对复合相变材料的凝固过程的影响,说明随着冷却水进口速度的增大和温度的降低,传热速率加快,凝固时间缩短。分析了复合材料相变区的自然对流对相变过程的影响,模拟结果证明自然对流能在一定程度上加快相变材料的凝固过程。     

谷电利用复合石蜡蓄热材料的制备及供暖墙体构造实验

针对石蜡作为相变蓄热材料导热性能差、供热能力不足的问题,向石蜡中添加膨胀石墨(EG)制备导热性能增强的复合相变材料(PCM),探讨EG与石蜡的配比对复合PCM热性能的影响.测试结果表明,当EG质量分数达到12％时,复合PCM的导热系数提升至纯石蜡的12倍,相变潜热从纯石蜡的190.8 J/g减小至152.1 J/g,相...     

肉豆蔻酸/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备及性能研究

以肉豆蔻酸(MA)为相变材料,膨胀石墨(EG)为基体,通过膨胀石墨对肉豆蔻酸的吸附作用制备一系列肉豆蔻酸/膨胀石墨(MA/EG)复合相变材料,发现肉豆蔻酸与膨胀石墨的最佳质量比为15∶1。通过SEM、DSC和蓄/放热实验对复合相变材料的微观结构和热性能进行分析表征。研究结果表明,MA均匀分布于EG的网状多孔结构中。MA/EG复合相变材料的相变温度和相变潜热分别为53.19℃和191.75 J/g,且与MA相比变化不大。蓄/放热实验结果表明,MA/EG单元蓄热时间比MA单元缩短了32.25%,放热时间比MA单元缩短了49.07%,MA/EG相变单元的蓄/放热速率较MA有很大提高。     

Paraffin based composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage: Thermal conductivity enhancement

为提高石蜡作为固-液相变储热材料的导热性能,在石蜡(PW)中掺加高导热系数的碳纳米管(CNTs),制备了碳纳米管-石蜡复合相变材料(PW-CNTs).为进一步增强PW-CNTs的传热性能,通过内置金属网结构,利用金属网的高导热性,加快PW-CNTs作为相变材料的充放热速率.测试了PW-CNTs的熔点和相变潜热,导热系数以及置入金属网前后的充放热时间.结果显示,PW-CNTs的导热系数较石蜡得到显著提高,其中掺加10%(质量分数)CNTs的复合材料的固态,液态导热系数平均分别提高31.4%,40.2%.置入金属网结构后,PW-CNTs的充放热时间至少分别缩短了40.3%和30.2%.此外,碳纳米管在石蜡中易发生团聚沉积,针对这一特点,对PW-CNTs进行了多次热循环,研究了热循环对PW-CNTs导热系数的影响.     

膨胀石墨/石蜡复合材料的制备及其在动力电池热管理系统中的散热特性

本文将石蜡与膨胀石墨进行复合,并经过压制工艺做成板状膨胀石墨/石蜡（简称EG/PCM）复合材料,以解决石蜡导热性能差以及相变后变成液体流动的问题。用导热分析仪和差示扫描量热仪分别测试了EG/PCM复合材料的导热性能和潜热,并用扫描电镜表征了其微观结构。将EG/PCM复合材料应用于动力电池热管理系统,对单体电池和电池模块分别利用空气冷却和EG/PCM冷却后在1.0 C和1.5 C放电倍率下进行放电,并用温度巡检仪记录电池放电过程的温度情况,对比两种散热方式对动力电池的散热效果。     

基于场协同原理的异型管强化石蜡蓄放热性能分析

将1.5%石墨烯/石蜡复合相变材料填充到内管形状不同、换热面积相同的套管换热器内,采用数值模拟的方法分析内管形状对石蜡类复合相变材料蓄放热性能的影响。结果表明,异型管能有效提升石蜡复合相变材料的熔化及凝固速率,滴型管外石蜡复合相变材料的熔化速率比椭圆管及圆管分别提高53%、62%,滴型管外石蜡复合相变材料的凝固速率比椭圆管及圆管分别提高6.7%、9.8%。基于场协同原理分析异型管的强化石蜡类复合相变材料的传热机理,由于滴型管能使石蜡类复合相变材料在相变过程中温度场与速度场协同性更高,因此能更有效地提升其相变速率。     

低温相变石蜡储热性能的实验研究

利用差示扫描量热仪对熔点在20~50℃的几种石蜡类相变材料及其它们的混合物的储热性能进行了实验研究。研究显示:石蜡的相变温度可根据组成进行调节,相变潜热大,无过冷现象,在多次吸放热后相变温度和相变潜热变化很小,稳定性好。该研究结果可为相变石蜡在建筑节能领域的应用提供依据。     

一种定形相变材料的结构和理化分析

定形相变材料由相变材料和支撑材料组成,在发生固－液相变后仍保持其在固态时的形状,是一种不需要封装的相变材料,因此在充热和释热过程中,不存在与传热介质之间的封装热阻。本工作采用富里叶变换红外光谱、凝胶色谱,电子扫描显微镜及DSC等方法对一种定形相变材料－定形相变石蜡的组成和结构进行了分析,所得结果对该材料的制备具有指导意义。     

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF A NOVEL SOLAR STORAGE MATERIAL: MICROENCAPSULATED PARAFFIN

Microencapsulated paraffin, a novel solar storage material, was prepared by complex coacervation technique and its performance was evaluated in terms 1of encapsulation ratio, hydrophilicity, energy storage capacity, and size distribution. The experiments were designed, based on surface response method, to optimise the processing conditions. The sizes of the microencapsulated paraffin particle were 50–100 μm. For an emulsification time of l0min and the addition of 6–8 ml (2.9?3.8% w/w) of formaldehyde (HCHO), the paraffin encapsulation ratio was found higher in different ratio of paraffin wax to coating (menu). It was also found that a higher coating to paraffin ratio leads to a higher paraffin encapsulation ratio. The hydrophilicity value of microencapsulated paraffin depended mainly on the ratio of paraffin to coating. The higher the ratio, the lower was its product hydrophilicity. In the same ratio of paraffin wax to coating, the higher concentration of HCHO led to a lower hydrophilicity of the product. The microencapsulated paraffin has shown large energy storage and release capacity (20–90 J/g) during its phase change depending on different ratios of paraffin wax to coating.     

墙体储能用定形相变石蜡储热性能的实验研究

实验配制并研究了以高密度聚乙烯为支撑材料的定形相变石蜡.所使用的石蜡为由液体石蜡分别与46#石蜡、48#石蜡配制的两种适于墙体中使用低熔点混合物,相变温度分别为26.6、25.5℃,相变潜热较大.利用DSC实验研究了两种石蜡混合物分别与高密度聚乙烯按40%～90%比例配制成的定形相变材料的相变温度、相变潜热、均匀性和稳定性.定形相变材料在低温区的相变温度与石蜡的相变温度基本一致,在26～28℃之间,定形材料相变潜热近似等于石蜡的相变潜热与石蜡百分含量的乘积.定形相变材料中石蜡的最佳含量为70%,此时相变潜热约为100J/g.     

墙体储能用石蜡混合物的配制和储热性能实验研究

以石蜡混合物的配制和储热性能为研究对象,利用差示扫描量热仪实验研究了所配制的石蜡混合物的相变温度和相变潜热,旨在寻找适合墙体中使用的相变材料.混合物由46#石蜡、48#石蜡、十七烷、十八烷、二十烷和液态石蜡组成.实验结果表明:石蜡混合物的相变温度和相变潜热随石蜡混合物组份及组成比的不同而变化.通过调节混合比,可得到较宽熔点范围的石蜡混合物.提出了几种可用于相变墙体中作为储能材料的石蜡混合物.研究结果可为相变墙体的开发提供参考和依据.     

Optical properties and thermal stability of pulsed-sputter-deposited AlxOy/Al/AlxOy multilayer absorber coatings

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Al/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited on copper (Cu) and molybdenum (Mo) substrates using a pulsed sputtering system. The Al targets were sputtered using asymmetric bipolar-pulsed DC generators in Ar+O₂ and Ar plasmas to deposit an Al_xO_y/Al/Al_xO_y coating. The compositions and thicknesses of the individual component layers were optimized to achieve high solar absorptance (α=0.950-0.970) and low thermal emittance (ε=0.05-0.08). The X-ray diffraction data in thin film mode showed an amorphous structure of the Al_xO_y/Al/Al_xO_y coating. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data of the Al_xO_y/Al/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated that the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were non-stoichiometric. The optical constants (n and k) of the multilayer absorber were determined from the spectroscopic ellipsometric data. Drude's free-electron model was used for generating the theoretical dispersion of optical constants for Al films, while the Tauc-Lorentz model was used for modeling optical properties of the dielectric Al_xO_y layers. In order to study the thermal stability of the Al_xO_y/Al/Al_xO_y coatings, they were subjected to heat treatment (in air and vacuum) at different temperatures and durations. The multilayer absorber deposited on Cu substrates exhibited high solar selectivity (α/ε) of 0.901/0.06 even after heat-treatment in air up to 400 °C for 2 h. At 450 °C, the solar selectivity decreased significantly on Cu substrates (e.g., α/ε=0.790/0.07). The coatings deposited on Mo substrates were thermally stable up to 800 °C in vacuum with a solar selectivity of 0.934/0.05. The structural stability of the absorber coatings heat treated in air (up to 400 °C) and vacuum (up to 800 °C) was confirmed by micro-Raman spectroscopy measurements. Studies on the accelerated aging tests suggested that the absorber coatings on Cu were stable in air up to 75 h at 300 °C and the service lifetime of the multilayer absorber was predicted to be more than 25 years. Further, the activation energy for the degradation of the multilayer absorber heat treated for longer durations in air is of the order of 64 kJ/mol.     

Explosion behavior of CH4/O2/N2/CO2 and H2/O2/N2/CO2 mixtures

In this work, the explosion behavior of stoichiometric CH₄/O₂/N₂/CO₂ and H₂/O₂/N₂/CO₂ mixtures has been studied both experimentally and theoretically at different CO₂ contents and oxygen air enrichment factors. Peak pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise and laminar burning velocity were measured from pressure time records of explosions occurring in a closed cylindrical vessel. The laminar burning velocity was also computed through CHEMKIN–PREMIX simulations.     

Hydrogen storage properties of multi-principal-component CoFeMnTixVyZrz alloys

This study presents an innovative multi-principal-element CoFeMnTiVZr alloy system for the absorption and desorption of hydrogen. Pressure-composition-isotherms (PCIs) demonstrate that CoFeMnTi_xVZr, CoFeMnTiV_yZr, and CoFeMnTiVZr_z can absorb and desorb hydrogen for x, y, and z that satisfy 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 2.5, 0.4 ≤ y ≤ 3.0, and 0.4 ≤ z ≤ 3.0, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that CoFeMnTi_xV_yZr_z alloys have a simple C14 Laves phase with a single set of lattice parameters before and after PCI tests. The distributions of each element in CoFeMnTi_xV_yZr_z alloys are roughly equal, as revealed by SEM/EDS mapping. The effects of values x, y, and z on the hydrogen storage properties are elucidated in terms of lattice constant, element segregation, hydride formation enthalpies of the alloy components and hydrogen, and the averaged formation enthalpy. The high-entropy effect promotes the formation of a single C14 Laves phase, and the maximum hydrogen storage capacity is strongly related to the hydride formation enthalpy of the alloy and hydrogen.