基于分布式供能技术的能源系统

由于2003年美国和加拿大大面积停电事故的发生，人们对电网安全的要求越来越高，分布式供能技术引起了世界能源界的广泛关注。能源工业亟待解决的四大问题：合理调整能源结构，进一步提高能源利用效率，改善能源产业的安全性，解决环境污染。而分布式能源系统恰好在这些方面能给以补充，因此大电网与分布式能源系统的合理结合，被认为是21世纪电力工业的发展方向。详细介绍了基于分布式能源系统的概念、特点及发展状况和前景展望。还通过对几种主要的分布式供能技术的技术特点、国内外发展状况及前景展望的介绍，进一步说明了分布式供能技术的发展状况，阐释了分布式供能技术的优势。     

中国迎来天然气分布式能源发展机遇

正天然气分布式能源可以达到很高的能源综合利用效率,展分布式能源,要求到2015年建成1000个天然气分布式能在国外发展非常迅速。目前天然气分布式能源在国内尚处于源项目,且市场前景看好、技术成熟及行业性机构崛起等为起步阶段,但建成的一批冷热电三联供项目已显示出强大生天然气分布式能源发展带来契机。命力。国家推动能源产业结构调整的决心明确,提出大力发     

浅析福建省小型天然气分布式能源项目的发展

介绍国内外天然气分布式能源现状和发展,分析其在社会、经济、技术等方面的特点和优势,展望它在我国的发展进程,并对发展福建省小型天然气分布式能源项目的有关前期工作提出意见、建议。     

湖南省分布式能源发展规划分析

本文结合分布式能源的技术特点和湖南省电力系统现状,从存在的问题、发展条件到对策以及初步规划,对湖南省发展分布式能源规划进行了全面探讨,为湖南省发展分布式能源战略布局提供参考。     

先进微型燃气轮机的特点与应用前景

先进微型燃气轮机是一类新型热机，作为一种清洁高效、低成本高可靠的供能系统，得到了高度关注和迅速发展。文中结合国外微型燃气轮机的研发及应用情况，叙述了先进微型燃气轮机的技术进展及特点，对以微型燃气轮机为核心的小型分布式能源系统和微型燃气轮机－燃料电池混合系统进行了探讨，展望了微型燃气轮机在我国的应用前景。     

大力推进分布式供能系统提高能源利用效率

阐述了上海市推广应用燃气分布式供能系统历史、现状和发展，重点介绍了黄浦中心医院、浦东国际机场、金桥体育休闲中心的分布式供能系统，总结分析了项目实施的成功经验及教训，同时对加快上海市分布式供能系统的发展提出了有益的建议，有利于促进分布式供能系统的健康发展，提高能源利用效率。     

分布式供能事业发展的里程碑——学习国家发改委等四部委文件的体会

去年十月九日,国家发展改革委、财政部、住房城乡建设部、国家能源局下达了《关于发展天然气分布式能源的指导意见(下简称"意见")》,"意见"第一次在国家层面上正式提出燃用天然气的以热(冷)电联产为特征的分布式供能(下简称"分布式供能")是节能减排的必须;明确界定了分布式供能     

海洋岛礁天然气分布式能源综合利用

供能及传统能源的污染等问题影响着岛礁的生存和可持续发展,一直以来是亟须解决的一大难题。以某岛礁为研究对象,从分布式能源供应的角度出发,结合岛礁的用能情况及负荷分析,提出了分布式能源的供能方案,为海岛分布式能源的开发利用提供思路。     

天然气分布式能源系统在大型数据中心的应用研究

数据中心电耗大、冷负荷高,对供能的可靠性要求高。分布式能源系统通过对能源进行梯级利用,具有高效环保、运行灵活等特点,适用于为数据中心供能。以广州某数据中心为例,设计了一套天然气分布式能源系统。评价结果显示该方案增加了数据中心的供能可靠性,同时可以降低运营费用、减少污染物排放,具有一定的可行性。     

天然气分布式供能系统在公共建筑节能方面的应用

针对天然气作为清洁能源在建筑节能方面的综合、梯度利用,概述申能能源中心能源供应系统,结合公用建筑天然气分布式供能系统的工程实例,介绍天然气分布式供能系统在清洁能源利用,分析公共建筑节能方面的实际效率,为天然气作为清洁能源的推广提供参考。     

中国燃煤发电节能技术的发展及前景

我国一次能源结构决定了发电以煤电为主的基本格局,当前国内火力发电行业需要解决的两大突出问题是高能耗和严重的环境污染。2009年全国发电机组平均供电煤耗341g/(kW.h),高于330g/(kW.h)的国际平均水平。大力发展新型高效节能性火力发电技术,对进一步提高我国火力发电机组的发电效率,减少燃煤大气污染物排放具有十分重要的意义。发达国家正积极发展更高参数的超超临界火力发电技术(600℃/700℃),我国也把"超(超)临界燃煤发电技术"列入"863计划"。可以预见,在我国近中期电力事业的发展中,会把发展更高参数的超临界技术作为火电建设的主要方向。IGCC发电技术是未来煤炭能源系统的基础,被公认为是世界上最清洁的燃煤发电技术。随着煤气化技术和燃气轮机技术的不断发展和进步,IGCC将朝着大容量、高效率、低排放的方向发展。大型直接空冷发电技术是解决我国西北部富煤贫水地区火力发电的有效手段,以2×600MW机组为例,空冷机组比湿冷机组节水约80%左右。通过对火力发电机组各系统的集成与优化,可在现有超超临界机组技术不变的情况下,最大限度地利用余热回收,提高整个机组的发电效率,从而降低煤耗,实现机组在运行过程中的节能。     

Front Cover

Until recently, the efficiency of generation and transmission of electric power was enhanced by increasing capacities of generating units and the voltages of transmission lines. Capabilities of new energy technologies (high-technology and high-efficiency gas-turbine units of small capacity, fuel cells, energy storage systems, FACTS, etc.) change this tendency radically. In the area of electric power generation, it resulted in a new notion, dispersed generation. In the past, these tendencies for capacity increase were also characteristic of Russia, including its Asian part, Current conditions make one review many fundamental concepts. On the whole, the trend to reject construction of large thermal and hydro power plants has been observed. The use of the up-to-date, economically efficient, and ecologically clean coal-combustion technologies is envisaged, since, in East Siberia and Far East Russia, coal will make up a considerable fraction of fuel supply to power plants for the foreseeable future. Construction of gas-fired power plants is also considered. Economic conditions for growth of dispersed generation in some areas arise. Available natural resources (geothermal energy, wind, gas and hydro energy, etc.) are conducive to it. In electric networks, DC transmission lines are the only possible solution for constructing interstate ties in the region. Firm rates of development in these directions will be determined by the global tendencies and prevailing conditions.     

A techno-economic analysis of tidal energy technology

The choice of which type of electrical power generation technology to adopt is driven by a number of factors including: cost of generated electricity; responsiveness of generating plant to demand; security of supply/resource availability; environmental impact; and execution risk. Within these, tidal energy is unique as a renewable technology since it has the capability of providing predictable, firm power contributing to security of supply. This predictability gives tidal energy additional value in a future electricity market. Especially one where stochastic renewable technologies contribute to a sizable component of the power supplied; and where reserve capacity is required to maintain supply during periods of non-availability. In the shorter term, in order for tidal energy to gain commercial acceptance, tidal technologies under development need to produce electricity at a competitive price. This paper examines the drivers influencing electricity pricing; current tidal energy developments, aimed at reducing capital costs; and bench-mark these against offshore wind.     

Revisiting CO2 mitigation potential and costs in China’s electricity sector

To improve the reliability of sectoral mitigation potential and cost analysis, this paper made an in-depth exploration into China’s electricity sector’s thermal efficiency and inner structure. It is found that unlike what many literatures portray, China is actually among the world’s leaders in coal-fired power plants’ generating efficiencies; besides, although there are still numerous small and inefficient generating units in the current generation fleet, many of them are in fact playing important roles in supporting local economic development, meeting peak load needs, balancing heat and electricity supply and providing job opportunities to the local economy, therefore their existence does not necessarily mean low-cost mitigation potential. Given the efficiency and structural characteristics of China’s electricity sector, it is pointed out that some other mitigation options, such as demand side management, IGCC and renewable energy as well as the break-through of CCS technology may play an even more important role in emission reduction. Considering the significant lock-in effects in electricity sector, it is warned that China, if continues putting majority investment in large and advanced coal-fired generating units, will face another round of chasing-after for the new and advanced renewable generation technologies. Therefore China should put more efforts in renewable generation technologies now.     

Sustainable small-scale CHP technologies for buildings: the basis for multi-perspective decision-making

Generally speaking, the concept “small-scale CHP” (combined heat and power) means combined heat and power generation systems with electrical power less than 200 kW. The significant benefit of CHP is its overall efficiency, which can be as much as 85–90%. One of the most promising targets in the application of CHP lies in energy production for buildings. The most important competing technologies in this regard are reciprocating engines, micro-turbines, Stirling engines, and fuel cells. The benefit of these technologies is their ability to utilize sustainable fuels, like regenerative biomass, which makes them attractive. In spite of many technical and economic obstacles limiting the availability and feasibility of these technologies at the moment, the literature is optimistic about their future. The breakthrough of new technology is often regarded simply as a matter of decision-making.This article is a general review of issues that can be supposed to influence decisions when considering small-scale CHP as an alternative energy source for buildings. Firstly, a brief review is presented concerning the political, economic, social, and technological environment of small-scale energy production. Obstacles limiting the market potential of the new technologies are then listed, and solutions are suggested to improve their potential in Europe’s liberalizing energy market. The relevant interest groups influencing decisions both for and against the introduction of the new technologies, as well as their status are recognized. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of relevant small-scale CHP technologies are briefly discussed, with respect to building energy generation. Finland’s role in this study is emphasized, but the international perspective is also dealt with.     

电化学储能系统在整县制屋顶光伏中应用前景分析

屋顶分布式光伏作为可"自发自用"、"余电上网"的电源已得到广泛应用,随着国家政策的大力扶持,光伏发电技术和储能技术相辅相成逐渐成为主要产业.首先,从屋顶分布式光伏的扶持政策以及试点应用出发,然后根据当前屋顶分布式光伏发展亟待解决的问题分析,提出储能在适用于整县制屋顶光伏发展的核心技术:屋顶光伏和储能的场景生成和评价、屋...     

Forecast study of the supply curve of solar and wind technologies in Argentina,Brazil, Chile and Mexico

This paper forecasts the supply curve of non-conventional renewable technologies such as wind and solar generating stations in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico using technological and economic parameters. It also estimates the additional investment costs in solar and wind generation for reaching the renewable energy target in each of these countries. To assess the power supply profile from 1 axis tracking PV and horizontal axis wind turbine (three blade) stations, two different scenarios are developed for 2014 and 2025. Scenario 1 estimates the PV and wind annual electricity yield by using polycrystalline silicon (cSi poly) as semiconductor material for PV cells and a Vestas 90–3.0 MW turbine for the wind for 2014.Scenario 2 assumes a more efficient technology, such as CPV. In fact, the model employs 45% efficiency triple junction cells using ∼3500 m2 for each 1 MW installed capacity in 2025. Moreover, this scenario also assumes a more powerful type of turbine, i.e. Vestas 112–3.075 MW. The biggest potential for wind power is found to be in Argentina, followed by Brazil, Mexico and Chile. In addition, a 550 MW installed capacity CPV power station, using triple junction cells could generate up to 4 TWh in Chile in 2025.     

基于AspenPlus的兆瓦级燃料电池分布式发电系统建模及仿真分析

  目的  燃料电池分布式发电技术是适应未来能源低碳化、清洁化、高效化发展趋势的重要应用方向。国内燃料电池电站项目较少,缺乏实际项目经验积累。为了推进燃料电池分布式电站技术的应用,文章概述了国内外应用现状,总结了高温燃料电池的优势与不足,调研了国内燃料电池建设应用案例,并建立了固体氧化物燃料电池与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池发电系统流程。  方法  经过文献调研与实地调研,确定了两种适合建设大型电站的燃料电池分布式发电技术,并利用AspenPlus化工模拟软件建立燃料电池系统流程模型、电化学模型和能量分析模型,并开展系统的性能仿真分析。  结果  分析结果与实际运行结果相吻合,分析预测的系统性能趋势与已有研究相一致。  结论  该仿真方法可用于兆瓦级高温燃料电池分布式发电系统的研究,可为扩大燃料电池应用规模提供数据支持。     

大型火电机组优化运行技术的研究

提出了大型火电机组负荷优化分配技术和运行优化技术。介绍了大型火电机组的负荷优化分配的数学模型、求解技术以及大型火电机组运行优化的关键技术，给出了黄台发电厂的应用实例。     

分布式发电机组经济效益评估模型

根据风电、太阳能、燃气轮机等分布式发电机组的特点,建立了分布式发电机组经济效益评估模型,用于优化配置微电网的发电设备。以某实际微网系统典型日负荷为算例进行仿真,结果验证了该评估模型的有效性。