外燃式微型燃气轮机循环

在简要介绍微型燃气轮机结构及其回热循环基础上,重点阐述了外燃式微型燃气轮机循环。举例说明了几种外燃式微型燃气轮机循环结构,并与回热循环进行对比,阐述了其优缺点。重点研究了外燃式微型燃气轮机循环在可再生能源利用中的应用。     

微型燃气轮机冷热电联供系统变工况性能研究

设计了以微型燃气轮机为核心的冷热电联供系统并建立了该系统变工况性能分析模型.结合具体算例,对该联供系统在采用"以冷(热)定电"的模式下运行变工况时的热力性能进行了计算分析,揭示了系统在不同调节方式下的变工况性能.结果表明,回热度调节具有较宽的冷热负荷调节范围,因此微型燃气轮机联供系统特别适用于冷热负荷变化大而系统内电负荷较稳定的场合.为使系统变工况时保持较高的性能,当冷热负荷增加时应优先考虑发电功率调节,其次采用回热度调节,最后采取补燃量调节;当冷热负荷减小时宜采用相反的调节顺序.研究结果将对微型燃气轮机冷热电联供系统的设计及运行提供有益的参考和指导.     

基于IGV控制的先进燃气轮机联合循环运行优化

为了达到高效的先进燃气轮机联合循环优化运行,提高循环的能源利用率,以先进燃气轮机联合循环技术为研究对象,通过以有机物为工质的朗肯循环回收燃气轮机的余热,进行燃气轮机联合循环变工况仿真模拟来研究联合循环运行特性,分析了环境温度和压气机进口导叶(IGV)调节对联合循环运行特性的影响,制定了IGV角度的优化控制策略。结果表明:在变负荷工况和不同环境温度下,调节燃气轮机的空燃比,可以优化该燃气轮机联合循环的运行特性,提升联合循环效率。     

燃气轮机化学回热循环热力学过程分析

化学回热循环是一种先进的燃气轮机循环方式。为系统研究燃气轮机化学回热循环热力学性能,在循环过程热力学分析的基础上,建立了燃气轮机化学回热循环温熵图,定义了燃料热值相对增加率,推导循环的热效率的数学表达式,对该循环性能进行了分析和计算。结果表明:化学回热循环具有较高的效率,最大效率可达55%以上。化学回热循环效率最佳压比取决于燃气轮机简单循环中的最佳压比,所以化学回热循环是不受压比限制的回热循环。化学回热循环燃料蒸汽转化的深度受排气温度的影响较大,排气温度越低燃料热值的增加率越小。     

小功率回热燃气轮机热电联产变工况的解析解

根据分布式能源系统的要求，采用解析解的办法对小功率回热燃气轮机热电联产变工况运行进行了研究与验证，在已有的基础上进一步证明了回热燃气轮机变工况运行解析公式的正确性。同时进一步探索了这种机组热电联产变工况的一些特性，为以后分布式能源的应用作了理论上的准备，也为冷热电联供提供了一定的理论基础。     

联合循环电站变工况计算的实例应用

根据燃气轮机、余热锅炉和蒸汽轮机等关键部件的理论计算模型,以Corex煤气匹配的联合循环为例,对该联合循环进行额定工况及变工况计算,得出燃用Corex煤气选用的9E联合循环发电机组方式是合理、高效的,并指出燃机因燃料热值变化而导致机组变工况运行的调整和优化方法.     

底层与顶层MCFC-MGT联合循环系统性能分析

在IPSEpro仿真环境下建立了熔融碳酸盐燃料电池/微型燃气轮机联合循环系统顶层循环和底层循环仿真模型.利用该模型对两种不同型式的联合循环系统在额定工况和变工况下的稳态性能进行了研究,并对两种联合循环系统的主要性能参数进行了对比分析.结果表明:熔融碳酸盐燃料电池/微型燃气轮机顶层联合循环系统具有较高的发电效率,而底层循环具有良好的变负荷特性.     

中低热值燃料对燃气轮机运行特性的影响分析

中低热值燃料燃气轮机对经济发展和节能减排具有重要的意义,对其燃烧特性和运行工况的研究是本项技术的关键问题。本文根据燃气轮机压气机特性曲线、涡轮特性曲线和热力循环过程,分析计算中低热值燃料燃气的热力性质,提出了适用于不同组分的中低热值燃料的膨胀做功计算方法。通过对燃用天然气和合成气进行模拟计算,得到燃料热值对燃料系数、涡轮出口温度、燃料流量及膨胀功的影响规律,为燃气轮机的设计和工况调整提供理论依据。     

微燃机CCHP系统经济性及节能性分析

以某微燃机为动力的冷热电联产成套系统为研究对象，分别对简单循环和回热循环微燃机进行性能匹配、经济测算和节能分析。当天然气价格越低，平均电价越高时，CCHP系统投资回收期越短，经济效益越好，相对于传统供能方案节省的运行费用越多。在目前国内常规能源价格条件下，简单循环比回热循环微燃机CCHP系统投资回收期更短，经济效益更优。简单循环微燃机CCHP系统年平均余热利用率、年平均能源综合利用率和节能率都高于国标要求值，系统节能性较好。回热循环微燃机CCHP系统除年平均余热利用率高于国标要求值外，年平均能源综合利用率和节能率略低于国标要求值，系统节能性一般。     

基于燃气轮机循环的冷热电联产系统对比分析

本文以燃气轮机作为发电装置,分别采用简单循环与回热循环,提出天然气冷热电联产系统两套方案.利用数值分析方法,对比分析各方案的系统效率与经济性指标.分析表明:基于回热循环的燃气轮机联产系统在经济效益和能源利用效率方面,相比简单循环联产系统都有十分明显的优势.     

蒸-燃联合循环与燃-燃联合循环的模拟和对比

蒸汽-燃气联合循环装置由于其较高的发电效率而被广泛应用于各大、中型电厂。然而,在微小型燃气-蒸汽发电装置中,蒸汽轮机的应用无疑使得装置体积和成本费用大增。因此,本文提出在小型分布式发电装置中,采用环境压力吸热燃气轮机循环（APGC）装置来替代蒸汽轮机装置吸收燃气轮机排出的废气能量,组成燃-燃联合循环,增加系统本身的做功能力和效率,达到节能、减少燃料消耗的目的。本文从热力学第一定律和第二定律出发,基于ASPENPLUS软件分别建立了燃-燃联合循环、蒸-燃联合循环模型,比较分析了两种循环装置在能量质量和数量上的利用程度。结果表明：燃-燃联合循环装置的效率较高,这在要求能源高效利用的今天具有一定的理论意义。     

Technologies for increasing CO2 concentration in exhaust gas from natural gas-fired power production with post-combustion, amine-based CO2 capture

Enhanced CO₂ concentration in exhaust gas is regarded as a potentially effective method to reduce the high electrical efficiency penalty caused by CO₂ chemical absorption in post-combustion capture systems. The present work evaluates the effect of increasing CO₂ concentration in the exhaust gas of gas turbine based power plant by four different methods: exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), humidification (EvGT), supplementary firing (SFC) and external firing (EFC). Efforts have been focused on the impacts on cycle efficiency, combustion, gas turbine components, and cost. The results show that the combined cycle with EGR has the capability to change the molar fraction of CO₂ with the largest range, from 3.8 mol% to at least 10 mol%, and with the highest electrical efficiency. The EvGT cycle has relatively low additional cost impact as it does not require any bottoming cycle. The externally fired method was found to have the minimum impacts on both combustion and turbomachinery.     

Thermodynamic optimization for an open cycle of an externally fired micro gas turbine (EFmGT). Part 1: Thermodynamic modelling

The principle of optimally tuning the air flow rate and subsequent distribution of pressure drops is applied to optimize the performance of a thermodynamic model for an open regenerative cycle of an externally fired micro gas turbine power plant with pressure drop irreversibilities by using finite-time thermodynamics and considering the size constraints of the real plant. There are eight flow resistances encountered by the working fluid stream for the cycle model. Two of these, the friction through the blades and vanes of the compressor and the turbine, are related to the isentropic efficiencies. The remaining flow resistances are always present because of the changes in flow cross-section at the compressor inlet and outlet, the turbine inlet and outlet and the regenerator hot/cold-side inlet and outlet. These resistances associated with the flow through various cross-sectional areas are derived as functions of the compressor inlet relative pressure drop, and control the air flow rate and the net power output and thermal efficiency. The analytical formulae for the power output, efficiency and other coefficients are derived, which indicate that the thermodynamic performance for an open regenerative cycle of an externally fired micro gas turbine power plant can be optimized by adjusting the mass flow rate (or the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path). It is shown that there are optimal air mass flow rates (or the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path) which maximize the net power output.     

Solar aided power generation of a 300 MW lignite fired power plant combined with line-focus parabolic trough collectors field

Nowadays, conventional coal or gas fired power plants are the dominant way to generate electricity in the world. In recent years there is a growth in the field of renewable energy sources in order to avoid the threat of climate change from fossil fuel combustion. Solar energy, as an environmental friendly energy source, may be the answer to the reduction of global CO₂ emissions. This paper presents the concept of Solar Aided Power Generation (SAPG), a combination of renewable and conventional energy sources technologies. The operation of the 300 MW lignite fired power plant of Ptolemais integrated with a solar field of parabolic trough collectors was simulated using TRNSYS software in both power boosting and fuel saving modes. The power plant performance, power output variation, fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions were calculated. Furthermore, an economic analysis was carried out for both power boosting and fuel saving modes of operation and optimum solar contribution was estimated.     

我国的燃气_蒸汽联合循环发电技术前景良好

针对我国能源结构和能源政策，指出燃气－蒸汽联合循环是提高发电效率和解决环境污染的重要途径，尤其是国际公认的最有发展前途的两种燃煤联合循环发电技术；ＩＧＣＣ和ＰＦＢＣ－ＣＣ。文中简要地介绍了这两种联合循环发电技术。     

Energy and exergy analyses of a CFB‐based indirectly fired combined cycle power generation system

Combined cycle configuration has the ability to use the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust gas using the heat recovery steam generator for the bottoming steam cycle. In the current study, a natural gas‐fired combined cycle with indirectly fired heating for additional work output is investigated for configurations with and without reheat combustor (RHC) in the gas turbine. The mass flow rate of coal for the indirect‐firing mode in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor is estimated based on fixed natural gas input for the gas turbine combustion chamber (GTCC). The effects of pressure ratio, gas turbine inlet temperature, inlet temperatures to the air compressor and to the GTCC on the overall cycle performance of the combined cycle configuration are analysed. The combined cycle efficiency increases with pressure ratio up to the optimum value. Both efficiency and net work output for the combined cycle increase with gas turbine inlet temperature. The efficiency decreases with increase in the air compressor inlet temperature. The indirect firing of coal shows reduced use with increase in the turbine inlet temperature due to increase in the use of natural gas. There is little variation in the efficiency with increase in GTCC inlet temperature resulting in increased use of coal. The combined cycle having the two‐stage gas turbine with RHC has significantly higher efficiency and net work output compared with the cycle without RHC. The exergetic efficiency also increases with increase in the gas turbine inlet temperature. The exergy destruction is highest for the CFB combustor followed by the GTCC. The analyses show that the indirectly fired mode of the combined cycle offers better performance and opportunities for additional net work output by using solid fuels (coal in this case). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of a gas turbine performance analysis program and its application

A general-purpose performance prediction program, which can simulate various types of gas turbine such as simple, recuperative, and reheat cycle engines, has been developed. A stage-stacking method has been adopted for the compressor, and a stage-by-stage model including blade cooling has been used for the turbine. The combustor model has the capability of dealing with various types of gaseous fuels. The program has been validated through simulation of various commercial gas turbines. The simulated design performance has been in good agreement with reference data for all of the gas turbines. The average deviations of the predicted performance parameters (power output, thermal efficiency, and turbine exhaust temperature) were less than 0.5% in the design simulations. The accuracy of the simulation of off-design operation was also good. The maximum root mean square deviations of the predicted off-design performance parameters from the reference data were 0.22% and 0.44% for the two simple cycle engines, 0.22% for the recuperative cycle engine, and 0.21% for the reheat cycle engine. Both the design and off-design simulations confirmed that the component models and the program structure are quite reliable for the performance prediction of various types of gas turbine cycle over a wide range of operations.     

A novel gas turbine cycle with hydrogen-fueled chemical-looping combustion

In this paper we have proposed a novel gas turbine cycle with hydrogen-fueled chemical-looping combustion, and the system study on two hydrogen-fueled power plants, the new gas turbine cycle and an advanced gas turbine cycle with H₂/O₂ combustion, has been investigated with the aid of exergy principle (EUD methodology). The hydrogen fueled chemical-looping combustion in the new gas turbine cycle consists of two successive reactions: hydrogen fuel is reacted with metal oxide (reduction of metal oxide), and then instead of air or pure oxygen, the reduced metal is successively oxidized by the saturated air. As a result, the new hydrogen-fueled gas turbine cycle has a breakthrough performance, with at least about 12 percentage-point higher efficiency compared to the gas turbine cycle with H₂/O₂ combustion, and will be environmentally superior due to complete elimination of NO_x formation. The promising results obtained here indicated that this novel gas turbine cycle with hydrogen-fueled chemical looping combustion could make a breakthrough in efficient use of hydrogen energy in power plants.