中高温热泵工质应用的现状与选择

为了消除现有热泵技术利用温度比较低,对于高温的工业余热和地热尾水利用率低的问题,指出中高温热泵工质技术替代常温热泵技术的必要性。介绍热泵系统的组成部分、中高温热泵工质的循环特性、热泵工质对环境的影响以及中高温热泵工质的研究现状。中高温热泵提高了热泵的工作温度,扩大了低位热能资源的回收和供热范围。     

吸附——压缩式热泵系统

目前应用的热泵主要有两类:一是压缩式热泵,一是吸收式热泵。但这两类热泵均存在某些缺限,如有限温升,较低的性能系数COP,变工况时适应性较差,热源与热降温度不配套等,为克服这些不足之处,已研制出新的热泵系统:吸附——压缩式热泵(Sorption-Comp ession Heat Pumps),简称为SC热泵。它们兼有压缩和吸收式热泵两者的优点,克服了其缺点。     

发展热泵节能技术促进资源合理利用

介绍了热泵的基本类型,论述热泵的工作原理、节能效益和适用范围.并结合热泵技术的具体特点指出了热泵技术的发展方向及在我国发展应用热泵技术的广阔前景.     

高温热泵在木材加工行业中的应用

分析了国内外木材加工行业中高温热泵的研究与应用现状,提出了采用高温热泵回收单板干燥尾气的方案,认为当前要重视高温热泵工质及相应热泵系统的研制,发展高温热泵与太阳能和常规蒸汽干燥的联合干燥技术,使高温热泵干燥装置标准化和规范化,保证机械的产品质量与稳定性,扩大高温热泵干燥机在我国的使用范围。     

耦合热泵技术的地热能利用研究

本文介绍耦合热泵技术的地热能利用新思路 ,探讨地热与热泵技术耦合利用的形式 ,分析耦合热泵技术的地热能利用的优势 ,热泵技术与地热耦合利用中存在的问题 ,以及耦合热泵技术的地热能利用前景等 ,最后简要地介绍一种以地热能为驱动力的家用热泵的结构和工作原理。     

基于热泵技术的供热系统有效制热系数分析

近年来,大型火电厂热电联产及其循环水余热利用技术备受关注,各种热泵技术在火电厂都有应用。从系统输出和输入热量角度,建立了基于电压缩式热泵、蒸汽压缩式热泵、吸收式热泵以及压缩-吸收复合式热泵四种技术路线的供热系统有效制热系数的计算方法;以某电厂N330-16.7/538/538型机组为例,对4种技术路线进行比较分析,结果表明,蒸汽型热泵比电驱动型热泵具有更高的有效制热系数,对具有蒸汽资源的电厂首站,推荐采用蒸汽型热泵回收余热;在蒸汽品位可以驱动压缩式热泵时,推荐采用蒸汽压缩式热泵回收余热。     

热泵定义及效率计算方法探讨

热力学中对热泵的定义与工程实际中的热泵意义不一致，由此导致热泵用效率计算方法的出入，以至产生热泵效率大于 1的原则性错误。本文以热泵、分析基本理论为依据，就热泵定义及热泵效率计算方法问题进行了广泛深入的探讨，提出了新的热泵定义，给出了符合分析理论原则的热泵效率计算方法。     

热泵定义及Yong效率计算方法探讨

热力学中对热泵的定义与工程实际中的热泵意义不一致。由此导致热泵用效率计算方法的出入，以至产生热泵Yong效率大于1的原则性错误，本文以热泵，Yong分析基本理论为依据，就热泵定义及热泵Yong效率计算方法问题进行了广泛深入的探讨，提出了新的热泵定义，给出了符合Yong分析理论原则的热泵Yong效率计算方法。     

热泵定义及效率计算方法探讨

热力学中对热泵的定义与工程实际中的热泵意义不一致，由此导致热泵用效率计算方法的出入，以至产生热泵效率大于1的原则性错误。本文以热泵、分析基本理论为依据，就热泵定义及热泵效率计算方法问题进行了广泛深入的探讨，提出了新的热泵定义，给出了符合分析理论原则的热泵效率计算方法。     

“碳中和”目标下,热泵供热技术前景展望

供热和制冷能源消费量约占全球终端能源消费量的一半,是非常重要的终端能源需求。热泵供热是提升供热电气化水平最现实的技术,全球热泵市场正在持续增长,我国热泵产业发展规模已位居世界首位。该文阐述了热泵技术对供热领域低碳转型的重要作用,介绍了多种热泵系统形式和技术特点,分析了我国热泵供热市场需求前景及节能减碳潜力,提出我国热泵产业发展面临的主要问题。该文认为,热泵将是我国供热领域低碳转型的必选技术,应用前景广阔、节能减碳潜力巨大,应因地制宜推广热泵供暖技术、加强技术研发,提出将热泵技术纳入可再生能源统计体系等政策建议。     

地源热泵与风冷热泵的技术经济性能比较

通过对地源热泵系统与风冷热泵系统在技术性能和经济性能方面进行的对比，显示了地源热泵的特点，并通过对工程运行的实测，验证了地源热泵的突出效果。研究结果表明：地源热泵比风冷热泵等传统空调系统具有明显的优势，是今后发展潜力最大的空调技术之一。     

Vapor compression multifunctional heat pumps in China: A review of configurations and operational modes

With the growing concerns about worldwide energy and environmental sustainability, heat pump water heaters and solar water heaters became popular in China after 2000. The combinations between the heat pump air conditioner, heat pump water heater and solar water heater brought about more energy saving operational modes besides those included in the above three appliances, which promoted the development of multifunctional heat pumps. The combinations also resulted in the higher utilization ratio and lower operational cost of the heat pump, then the payback time can be shortened greatly. The rapid development of multifunctional heat pumps at the beginning of the 21st century in China indicates its promising application prospect.The heat pump air conditioner was the fundamental component of a multifunctional heat pump. Versatile configurations of multifunctional heat pumps were evolved from the integration of the domestic water heat exchanger with the refrigerant loop of the heat pump air conditioner by various approaches. This paper reviewed the development of multifunctional heat pumps in China, mainly focusing on configuration features and operational modes of the heat pump. The configuration of a multifunctional heat pump fundamentally determines the initial cost, operating cost and operating reliability. Therefore, it is reasonable to make a compromise between the simplicity of the configuration and versatile operational modes in the design of the multifunctional heat pump under different application conditions.     

复合热源热泵循环的节能研究

本文介绍了热泵空调的原理及主要特点，分析了单一空气热源热泵存在的缺陷，介绍了空气－水复合热源热泵循环的工作原理，提出了相应的数学物理模型，并对其制热性能进行分析。结论是空气－水复合热源热泵的制热性能明显优于单一空气热源热泵，具有较好的调节性和显著的节能性。     

几种电厂冷凝热回收系统的节能经济性对比分析

提出了两种新型的热泵回收冷凝热供热系统——汽水双热源供热量可调集中供热系统和电热泵回收冷凝热供热系统,并与现有的热泵回收冷凝热供热系统比较,分析比较各自的节能经济性。结果表明,汽水双热源供热量可调集中供热系统和电热泵回收冷凝热供热系统的经济效益比常见的吸收式热泵回收冷凝热供热系统分别高出33％和117．9％。对于296MW供热机组,汽水双热源可调集中供热系统和电热泵回收冷凝热供热系统每年可分别减排二氧化碳10万t和11．5万t。电热泵回收冷凝热供热系统节约的冷却水量要远高于其他两个系统,这对北方缺水地区意义重大。     

Evaluation and optimization of water source heat pump for district heating: A case study in steel plant

Using high-temperature heat pump technology to recover waste heat of circulating cooling water in a steel plant for central heating system not can only reduce the temperature of circulating cooling water to meet the needs of smelting process but also can save energy and protect environment as well as bring great economic benefits to steel plant that can sell heat to the heat users. The energy consumption equation of heat pump central heating system was established based on the energy consumption of heat pump, energy consumption of water pump, and heat loss. The optimal inlet water temperature, inlet flow rate, and the number of operating heat pump modules at different outdoor temperatures were calculated by genetic algorithm. The superiority and operating control strategy of heat pump central heating system were discussed. The results show that with the increase of outdoor temperature, the optimal inlet flow rate and the number of operating heat pump module decrease. However, the inlet water temperature almost does not change. It is more suitable for the heat pump central heating system to change the inlet flow and the number of operating heat pump modules. The operating control strategy equation was established by linear fitting, which provides guidance for the engineering application of heat pump central heating system.     

地源热泵系统动态经济性分析

介绍地源热泵系统的基本原理,分析地源热泵技术的应用背景。利用费用现值法和年值法对地源热泵系统和空气源热泵系统的经济性进行计算,运用动态追加投资回收期公式得出地源热泵系统初投资的动态追加投资回收期。实例分析表明：地源热泵系统比传统空调系统运行费用低,具有明显的节能环保功效。     

基于流态冰的冰源热泵能效及经济性研究

基于流态冰的冰源热泵可以利用近冰点淡水或海水相变潜热作为热源,具有采暖能效高、适用性广的特点。为研究新型冰源热泵在采暖期的能效及经济性,选取我国典型供暖区域的5个城市作为研究对象,结合近5年采暖期各城市的气象参数,分别模拟计算空气源热泵、冰源热泵、地源热泵的系统能效。通过计算各热泵机组的初投资及采暖期运行费用,确定了不同类型热泵系统的静态投资回收期。结果表明,本文提出的新型冰源热泵在采暖期的系统能效较高,为2.8 ~ 3.2。相较于空气源热泵和地源热泵,哈尔滨地区冰源热泵系统的初投资及运行费用最低,不存在静态投资回收期。在北京、郑州、武汉、南京地区的静态投资回收期分别为3.0年、5.1年、2.3年、2.6年。基于流态冰的冰源热泵在冬季供暖方面有很好的应用前景。     

Techno-economic feasibility of high-temperature high-lift chemical heat pumps for upgrading industrial waste heat

This paper presents the results of a techno-economic feasibility study on two high-temperature high-lift chemical heat pumps for upgrading industrial waste heat. The study was set up in order to select the most promising heat pump concept for further development. First, a market study is performed to assess the amount of waste heat and the temperature dependence thereof. Based on the market potential, two heat pump concepts are selected for further detailed evaluation. These are an isopropanol heat pump and a salt/ammonia vapour heat pump. Both heat pump concepts are technically able to upgrade the waste heat to usable temperature levels. However, the salt/ammonia vapour heat pump has a much better technical performance. In addition, the economic analysis shows that this heat pump has a far better economic feasibility with a mean internal rate of return of 14%. Therefore, this heat pump is selected for further development.     

燃气机热泵供暖过程的计算与分析

对驱动燃气机热泵的发动机余热产生规律进行了实验研究，并对燃气机热泵建立了一个计算模型。通过计算，分析了发动机余热对燃气热泵供暖过程的影响，着重分析了部分负荷下燃气机热泵的供暖过程的特点。以上海地区的气候条件和能源价格为基础，对燃气机热泵供暖的能耗和运行费用进行了分析比较。     

Thermal performance of a packed bed reactor for a high‐temperature chemical heat pump

The thermal performance of a chemical heat pump that uses the reaction system of calcium oxide/lead oxide/carbon dioxide, which is developed for utilization of high‐temperature heat above 800°C, is studied experimentally. The thermal performance of a packed‐bed reactor of a calcium oxide/carbon dioxide reaction system, which stores and transforms a high‐temperature heat source in the heat pump operation, is examined under various heat pump operation conditions. The energy analysis based on the experiment shows that it is possible to utilize high‐temperature heat with this heat pump. This heat pump can store heat above 850°C and then transform it into a heat above 900°C under an approximate atmospheric pressure. An applied system that combines the heat pump and a high‐temperature process is proposed for high‐efficiency heat utilization. The scale of the heat pump in the combined system is estimated from the experimental results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.