大容量储能系统三电平双向DC/DC变换器的研制与仿真

设计了一种适用于大容量储能系统的三电平双向DC/DC变换器,其拓扑采用可承受大电压的高频隔离双半桥三电平结构。介绍了三电平双向DC/DC变换器的工作原理和开关器件应力情况,分析了在单移相调制策略下的工作特性以及功率特性和软开关条件,并设计了闭环控制系统。通过仿真实验表明,该变换器具有开关管电压应力小,适用于大电压大功率场合;开关管工作在高频软开关条件下,功率密度高;输出电压稳态无差等特点,可满足大容量储能系统的工作要求。     

超级电容器储能系统中DC/DC变换器先进PID控制改进方法

针对超级电容器储能系统中的DC/DC变换器为高阶、非线性的系统,采用传统的PID控制难以应对负载、电压突变等复杂情况,提出了一种将Fletcher-Reeves共轭梯度法控制的BP神经网络控制器与PID相结合的先进PID控制改进方法,解决了DC/DC变换器传统控制算法中稳态误差大、控制响应时间长的问题。同时也建立了微网模型,并应用改进算法进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,所提出的改进方法能够有效地改善DC/DC变换器端电压的控制效果,使超级电容器储能系统能有效地平抑微网在并网状态下PCC点的功率波动。     

DC/DC单管谐振式变换器在光伏电热水器中的应用

针对光伏电热水器DC/DC变换器存在磁芯利用率低、控制困难、成本高、可靠性低等问题,文章设计了一种单管谐振式DC/DC变换器,在建模、分析的基础上,提出了改变开关频率实现最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)的控制方法;对变换器主电路中器件的关键参数进行了设计,制作了实验样机,通过实验验证了所提出的单管谐振式DC/DC变换器供电的可行性。     

单Buck/Boost集成三端口双向DC/DC变换器研究

将双向Buck/Boost电路与DAB集成在一起构成三端口双向DC/DC变换器,Buck/Boost电路和DAB在原边共用功率开关管。DAB的移相角控制变压器两侧的能量双向流动,从而控制输出侧电压,而双向Buck/Boost电路的占空比用来控制前级母线电压,该端口可接入光伏等新能源,前级全桥单元采用交错并联PWM方式可自动实现变压器原边伏秒平衡。该文分析系统稳态特性及软开关特性,在前级母线电压宽范围幅值变化的情况下,所有的功率开关可在宽范围内实现软开关,最后通过实验样机进行方案验证。     

基于移相控制的双向DC/DC变换器改进占空比调制策略

文章在移相控制的基础上,介绍和分析了改进占空比调制策略的工作原理,提出了一种新型双向DC/DC变换器调制策略,同时改变某一桥臂上两个开关管的占空比来减小其工作时的功率回流现象。相比于传统单移相控制,该方法具有更小的电流应力和回流功率,扩大了传输功率的调节范围;相比于双移相控制,调节难度相对简单容易实现。最后通过仿真验证了改进占空比调制的可行性。     

光伏微逆变器用串联谐振型直流变压器的设计

低压输入的光伏微逆变器系统中,广泛采用"Boost+直流变压器"的两级式DC/DC功率变换方案,传统的直流变压器方案主要是基于全桥变换器方案,该方案开关管数量多,而且开关管工作在硬开关状态。文章提出了一种新型串联谐振型直流变压器,该变压器原边采用半桥结构,副边为倍压整流结构,变压器开关管数量减少了一半。通过引入串联谐振腔,在合理设计死区时间的基础上,开关管可工作在软开关状态。最后制作了一台300 W样机,样机具有良好的增益特性和效率特性。     

直流微电网系统的DC/DC变换器控制系统设计

全桥DC/DC变换器由于具有高功率密度、高效率、高变压比及电气隔离的特点,成为直流微电网系统中重要的电力电子接口。而移相全桥DC/DC变换器具有高阶时变非线性的特点,具体应用时较难建立其精确的数学模型,这影响了传统PID控制性能,因此设计了模糊自整定控制器。通过对峰值电流模式下变换器的小信号建模,在传统PI控制的基础上,给出了基于模糊理论的PI参数在线自整定方法。同时,利用Matlab仿真工具给出了模糊控制器的设计方法,并通过DSP对其进行软硬件实现。仿真和试验结果表明,模糊自整定控制与常规PI控制相比,提高了系统的抗扰动能力,改善了系统的动态性能,从而提高了整个微电网系统的可靠性。     

基于全桥式结构的压电喷油器驱动设计

在自主研发新型共轨压电式喷油器系统的基础上,分析了单管脉冲宽度调制直流电压变换(PWM DC/DC)结构的压电执行器驱动电路特点,并研究了采用全桥式的驱动电路,通过PSIPIC仿真计算和试验证明,设计的驱动电路可实现压电喷油器的高精度驱动,与单管PWM DC/DC中的降压(BUCK)驱动方式相比降低了功率开关管的开关损耗,提高了驱动效率和电磁兼容(EMC)性能,并且降低了主处理单元(MCU)的软件负担。     

一种适用于BESS的交错并联双向DC/DC变换器

针对现有电池储能系统(BESS)双向DC/DC变换器(BDC)电压增益低和开关器件电压应力高等特点,提出一种适用于BESS的两相交错并联BDC。该储能系统(ESS)能有效结合Z源网络和交错并联结构的优势特性。详细分析了该ESS的工作原理、Boost和Buck模式,并推导出2种工作模式下的电压变化比。同时对该ESS两相交错并联BDC的带逻辑判断单元的载波移相控制策略进行了详细介绍。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真实验模型,验证了该ESS各工作模式下的主要工作波形。仿真实验结果表明该系统具有电压增益高、开关器件电压应力低和各相电感之间能实现自动均流等优点。     

一种适用于BESS的交错并联双向DC/DC变换器

针对现有电池储能系统(BESS)双向DC/DC变换器(BDC)电压增益低和开关器件电压应力高等特点,提出一种适用于BESS的两相交错并联BDC。该储能系统(ESS)能有效结合Z源网络和交错并联结构的优势特性。详细分析了该ESS的工作原理、Boost和Buck模式,并推导出2种工作模式下的电压变化比。同时对该ESS两相交错并联BDC的带逻辑判断单元的载波移相控制策略进行了详细介绍。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真实验模型,验证了该ESS各工作模式下的主要工作波形。仿真实验结果表明该系统具有电压增益高、开关器件电压应力低和各相电感之间能实现自动均流等优点。     

Design and experimental validation of a high voltage ratio DC/DC converter for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer applications

This paper deals with hydrogen production via water electrolysis, which is considered the most attractive and promising solution. Specifically, the use of renewable energy sources, such as wind electric power generators, is hypothesized for supplying the electrolyzer, aiming to strongly reduce the environmental impact. In particular, micro-wind energy conversion systems (μWECSs) are attractive for their low cost and easy installation. In order to interface the μWECS and the electrolyzer, suitable power conditioning systems such as step-down DC-DC converters are mandatory. However, due to the requested high conversion ratio between the DC bus grid, i.e. the output of a three-phase diode rectifier connected to the output of the electric generator, and the rated supply voltage of the electrolyzer, the classic buck converter alone is not suitable. Therefore, a converter is proposed and designed, consisting of a buck converter, a full-bridge IGBT converter, a single-phase transformer, and a diode bridge rectifier; LC filters are also included between buck and full-bridge converters, and at the output of the diode bridge rectifier with the aim of reducing the ripple on currents and voltages. The components of the described physical system from the output of the three-phase rectifier up to the electrolyzer are then modeled assuming the transformer as ideal, and the model is employed for designing a PI-type controller. Experimental results are provided in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed converter and its control for these applications.     

Soft switching bidirectional DC–DC converter for ultracapacitor–batteries interface

In this paper a new soft switching bidirectional DC–DC converter is introduced which can be applied as the interface circuit between ultracapacitors and batteries or fuel cells. All semiconductor devices in the proposed converter are soft switched while the control circuit remains PWM. Due to achieved soft switching condition, the energy conversion through the proposed converter is highly efficient. The proposed converter is analyzed and a prototype converter is implemented. The presented experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis.     

中频隔离型光伏±35kV/500kW直流变流器研究与工程应用

首先提出一种中频隔离型光伏±35 kV/500 kW直流变流器,该直流变流器由三相T型三电平并联中频逆变器模组、中频400 Hz/24脉波移相升压变压器、三相二极管整流桥以及高压滤波电路组成,该变流器具有升压比高、结构简单、成本低的优势;其次,为了实现逆变器并联模组有功、无功功率的实时均分,采用一种瞬时功率均分的功率主从控制方案;接着,提出一种基于中频变压器无功补偿的改进型LCL滤波器参数设计方法以提高变流器的效率。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真以及张北国家大型风电并网系统研发（实验）中心建设的光伏发电中压直流汇集现场示范工程,对所提直流变流器的设计理念和控制方法进行验证,现场并网实测最大效率为96.33%,升压比高达88,输出电压±35 kV,仿真和实验结果证明了所提直流变流器的可行性。     

A maximum power point tracking control strategy with variable weather parameters for photovoltaic systems with DC bus

In photovoltaic (PV) system, the most commonly used DC/DC converter is the basic buck or boost circuit to implement the maximum point power tracking (MPPT) due to their simple structure and low cost while there are some MPPT constraint conditions. By contrast, the conventional buck/boost DC/DC converter without MPPT constraint condition is seldom used because of its high cost or poor performance. To keep the advantages of these three DC/DC converters while overcoming their shortcomings, in this paper, the constraint conditions of capturing the maximum power point (MPP) of PV systems with direct-current (DC) bus are found out. Then, on the basis of this work, a MPPT control strategy with variable weather parameters is proposed. In this strategy, a new buck/boost DC/DC converter is proposed, which not only avoids the MPPT constraint conditions of basic buck or boost DC/DC converter but also overcomes the shortcomings of conventional buck/boost DC/DC converter. Finally, lots of simulated experiments verify the accuracy of MPPT constraint conditions, test the feasibility and availability of proposed MPPT control strategy, analyze the MPPT performance of proposed PV system and compare the output transient-state performance with conventional perturb and observe (P&O) method.     

直流电机PID控制器的FPGA设计与实现

针对嵌入式数字控制器应用中经常遇到的模数信号接口控制算法取近似值的问题,提出了一种采用VHDL语言、基于FGPA实现的直流电机运动数字PID控制器。该PID控制器具有自定义功能的输入和输出端口,应用于运动控制系统的速度控制回路中,在Xilinx Spartan 6 FPGA芯片上完成硬件测试。试验测试和仿真表明,运用所提的PID控制器控制输入的PWM信号生成,可用于控制电机驱动电路、破译光编码器的数据及反馈PID控制回路中的速度,有效可行。     

High voltage step-up integrated double Boost–Sepic DC–DC converter for fuel-cell and photovoltaic applications

In this paper, an integrated double boost SEPIC (IDBS) converter is proposed as a high step-up converter. The proposed converter utilizes a single controlled power switch and two inductors and is able to provide high voltage gain without extreme switch duty-cycle. The two inductors can be coupled into one core for reducing the input current ripple without affecting the basic DC characteristic of the converter. Moreover, the voltage stresses across all the semiconductors are less than half of the output voltage. The reduced voltage stress across the power switch enables the use of a lower voltage and R_DS-ON MOSFET switch, which will further reduce the conduction losses. Whereas, the low voltage stress across the diodes allows the use of Schottky rectifiers for alleviating the reverse-recovery current problem, leading to a further reduction in the switching and conduction losses. A detailed circuit analysis is performed to derive the design equations. A design example for a 100-W/240 V_dc with 24 V_dc input voltage is provided. The feasibility of the converter is confirmed with results obtained from simulation and an experimental prototype.     

基于输出端谐振解耦的三端口直流变换器

针对三端口变换器的功率耦合问题,提出基于输出端谐振解耦的三端口变换器,通过在输出端全桥构造谐振腔来解除控制量对光伏端口和储能端口的功率耦合作用,将三端口变换器等效为2个输出并联的二端口变换器,并直接沿用二端口变换器系统的控制策略,使控制过程更加简单平滑,降低三端口变换器的控制环节设计难度。首先介绍变换器的拓扑结构,并分析电路的功率传输特性和变换器的控制稳定性;搭建输出功率500 W的实验样机,对拓扑结构和控制策略的有效性进行验证。