共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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在一个大气压下,273.15~l273.15K温度范围里,采用化学热力平衡分析方法研究了煤燃烧过程中CaO和HCl对痕量元素汞的形态及分布的影响。化学热力平衡分析结果表明,在煤燃烧的最高温度区域里,单质汞是汞的主要形式。随着在烟气中温度的降低,单质汞将发生化学反应而生成二价汞的化合物,其中主要是HgCl2(g);预测结果还表明氯元素的增加可以增强汞元素的蒸发、排放,而CaO(s)对汞元素在烟气中的行为特性的影响不大。尽管化学热力平衡分析结果与实验结果之间存在较大差异,但是通过与实验结果的比较,仍可以推断CaO(s)主要是通过减少灰粒表面积或改变飞灰矿物学和形态学特性影响烟气中汞元素分布特性。 相似文献
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煤裂解或燃烧条件下汞的析出规律研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
进行了加热时间、反应条件、煤种等因素影响煤中汞析出规律的试验研究。首先对煤样裂解或燃烧产物中残留汞进行分析,发现煤中汞在燃烧条件下能很快析出,而在裂解时则析出相对缓慢。其次利用管式炉系统,在还原性气氛(载气为氮气)或氧化性气氛(载气为氮、氧体积比为4:1的混合气体)下进行煤样裂解或燃烧后汞的析出及形态迁移转化试验。研究认为,煤在裂解或燃烧后,汞主工以气态方式进入烟气,烟气中的汞主要以二价汞(Hg^2 )和零价汞(Hg^0)形式存在,且汞的形态分布与反应条件和煤种有关。随加热温度升高,烟气中的二价汞含量升高,零价汞含量降低;裂解与燃烧相比,燃烧时零价汞被氧化的程度更高。 相似文献
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通过对平顶山烟煤在沉降炉内的燃烧试验,结合热力学平衡计算分析,研究了两种选定的矿物质成灰元素Na和Fe在可吸入颗粒物中的形态与分布。燃烧试验条件为:煤粉粒径小于63μm,燃烧温度在1400°C,炉内燃烧气氛为空气气氛。试验采用低压撞击器(LPI)按不同粒径大小从0.03~10μm共分为13级,分别采集燃烧后的可吸入颗粒物。并采用热力学平衡计算分析方法研究了氧化性气氛中元素Na和Fe的化学形态和物理相。试验和计算结果显示:钠元素主要以Na单质的形式气化,大部分以NaO、Na2SO4、NaCl、Na3PO4的形式存在于亚微米颗粒中,极少量以NaAlSi3O8相存在于PM1.0-10中;Fe元素主要以FeO的形式气化,部分以Fe2O3的形式存在于亚微米颗粒中,部分以Fe3O4和Fe2O3的形式存在于PM1.0-10中。图1表2参6 相似文献
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燃煤过程中痕量重金属的形态与分布研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用化学热平衡分析方法研究了不同煤种的燃烧过程中痕量元素的化学形态及其分布。选用的煤种为河南平顶山烟煤、河南焦作无烟煤和贵州六盘水贫煤3个煤种,分析的痕量元素为Pb、Cd和Cr3种痕量重金属元素。在400K~2000K温度范围内,比较讨论了3种元素在氧化性和还原性气氛中的化学形态和物理相。结果表明:在燃煤过程中,Pb、Cd和Cr都是不易挥发的元素,他们的挥发性大小依次为Cd>Pb>Cr;在还原性气氛下,高温时主要以气态单质存在;烟煤与贫煤的分析结果一致,而无烟煤的分析结果在低温时存在差异。图6表3参5 相似文献
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烟气汞形态分布及其受氯化物添加剂影响的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在自行设计的一维煤粉燃烧试验台上,研究了烟气汞形态的分布特征,并分析了NaCl作为添加剂与煤混烧对汞形态分布的影响.结果表明:在试验煤种烟气中,气态汞是烟气汞最主要的排放形式,二价汞是气态汞的主要形式,飞灰中的汞含量比底渣中的汞舍量高;NaCl的添加使气态二价汞和单质汞占总汞的百分比都有不同程度的下降,而颗粒态汞的比例相应增加,但随着NaCl添加量的增加,颗粒态汞的增加量逐渐趋于平缓,单质汞的减少量也相应降低,趋势趋于平缓. 相似文献
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《动力工程学报》2017,(6)
为了深入研究燃煤Hg排放控制技术,在分析Hg形态转化过程及其影响因素基础上,通过控制变量法设定模拟烟气组分(HCl、O_2、NO、H_2O、CO_2和SO_2)的初始浓度值,利用化学动力学计算软件Chemkin进行数值模拟.结果表明:Cl原子的存在会促进单质Hg(Hg~0)向氧化态Hg转化,在一定范围内增加HCl的量有利于Hg的氧化;O_2会促进Hg的氧化但作用不如HCl明显;根据其所处的烟气气氛,NO既能促进Hg的氧化也能抑制Hg的氧化,在氧化性气氛中,NO的存在会提高Hg的氧化率;H_2O有利于Hg的氧化,而CO_2的存在会造成局部很强的还原性气氛,会抑制Hg的氧化;在不同条件下,SO_2可以促进或抑制Hg氧化. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(63):26789-26797
The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO2 and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized. 相似文献
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基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁(MgO),研究了该型MgO膨胀剂(MEA)细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析(TG DSC)分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。 相似文献
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应用瞬态谱分析方法对燃烧流化床声波信号进行了频谱分析,发现气泡能量分布呈Gamma分布形式,在Argyrious和Yoshida等人提出的模型的基础上,发展了燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型,并通过优化迭代对模型参数进行求解,在实验和理论的基础上得出了更加切合实际的燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型 相似文献
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Hydrogen absorption kinetics of vanadium–aluminum alloys in the temperature range of 624–924 K have been studied. These alloys were prepared by the aluminothermy process and refined by electron beam melting. The data of instantaneous reacted fractions at four different temperatures were obtained using the pressure drop method and these data were linearly fitted to a suitable reaction mechanism function. Three-dimensional diffusion appears to be the intrinsic rate limiting step of the hydrogen absorption. The rate constants were obtained from the slope of the linearly fitted curves. Apparent activation energies were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. The activation energies were increased linearly with aluminum content resulting in a decrease in the hydrogen absorption rate. The variation in standard entropies and enthalpies of vanadium–hydrogen solid solution has been studied as a function of aluminum content. 相似文献
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城镇生活污水处理装置是由农村户用沼气地发展演变而来,是一种小型、分散化处理污水的装置 ,是环境建设的需要。文章着重从我国环保政策及目标、生活污水造成的污染状况、急需整治的公共设施、生活污水净化装置的演变以及社会经济效益和环境效益等方面,阐述了其产业化的重要性。 相似文献
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The paper deals with second law thermodynamic analysis of a basic gas turbine based gas-steam combined cycle. The article investigates the effect of variation of cycle parameters on rational efficiency and component-wise non-dimensionalised exergy destruction of the plant. Component-wise inefficiencies of the combined cycle have been quantified with the objective to pin-point the major sources of exergy destruction. The parameter that affects cycle performance most is the TIT (turbine inlet temperature). TIT should be kept on the higher side, because at lower values, the exergy destruction is higher. The summation of total exergy destruction of all components in percentage terms is lower (44.88%) at TIT of 1800 K & rp,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. The sum total of rational efficiency of gas turbine and steam turbine is found to be higher (54.91%) at TIT = 1800 K & rp,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. Compressor pressure ratio also affects the exergy performance. The sum total of exergy destruction of all components of the combined cycle plant is lower (44.17%) at higher value of compressor pressure ratio (23)& TIT = 1700 K, as compared to that at compressor pressure ratio (16). Also exergy destruction is minimized with the adoption of multi-pressure-reheat steam generator configuration. 相似文献