基于火用分析的供暖末端设备节能性研究

探讨了散热器、供暖地板、风机盘管、毛细管辐射平面等4种室内供暖末端设备的采暖特点;阐述了4种采暖设备的传热机理及热舒适性;利用火用分析方法进行能量计算。计算结果显示,毛细管辐射平面空调系统可比低温地板辐射采暖系统节能52.82%。供暖末端设备的节能分析为供暖工程设计提供一定的理论参考。     

毛细管辐射供冷性能实验研究

以与温湿度独立空调系统相结合的毛细管辐射空调为研究对象,通过实验研究的方法研究了毛细管辐射空调采用高温水系统工况时,不同安装方式、水系统参数、空气设定参数等条件对毛细管空调供冷性能的影响。实验结果表明:裸露安装方式的毛细管辐射供冷能力约为表面与金属板结合的2倍;采用室内空气温度28℃条件比26℃条件下的供冷能力高20%～30%;通过调节流量降低泵耗的方式会使毛细管辐射空调供冷量能力降低。     

辐射供冷系统末端形式对比及发展研究

介绍几种辐射供冷空调的末端形式,比较冷吊顶、楼板辐射供冷、毛细管席的供冷能力、热舒适性、能耗及投资等方面的不同,并建议完善辐射供冷系统试验研究方法,着重进行拥有自主产权产品的制造工艺的研究。     

地源热泵技术在住宅中的综合应用

介绍了青岛某别墅的空调和热水供应系统的方案设计.设计方案把地源热泵技术用于住宅的空气调节、卫生热水供应和游泳池补水供水,还采用了辐射供暖与辐射供冷等节能新技术.文章详细介绍了系统流程、特点、工作原理和设计参数的选取等.     

毛细管网辐射空调末端换热性能实验研究

为了研究毛细管网空调末端的换热性能,对郑州中南科莱空调设备有限公司会议厅毛细管网空调辐射系统空调末端进行了设计计算,并在该系统上进行了冬季供暖实验研究,通过分析实验数据,计算得到毛细管网辐射末端的平均换热量和综合传热系数,分别为38.95 W/m2和4.14 W/（m2·K）,与已有经验数据基本吻合,但是由于实验条件的局限性,该结果有待进一步校核。     

辐射供冷空调系统研究进展

同传统空调系统相比,辐射供冷空调系统具有舒适、节能的优点。根据辐射板安装位置的不同可分为顶板辐射和地板辐射供冷,按照实验研究和仿真研究方法对其发展现状进行了概述,并对目前存在的问题和今后的发展趋势进行了探讨和展望。     

被动房空调系统绿色设计——以某办公楼为例

以某四层办公楼为例,介绍了被动房的设计,详细描述了此工程带冷热盘管的热回收新风系统+地板辐射供暖供冷系统的设计过程,从设计的角度,本工程采用带冷热盘管的热回收新风系统+地板辐射供暖/供冷的系统,在很大程度上降低了单纯全空气系统大风量所带来的噪声、强吹风感,提高了办公环境的舒适性。冷热源采用空气源热泵,最大程度地利用可再生能源,减少一次性燃料的消耗,节约能源,保护环境,降低了对环境的污染。为人们提供健康、舒适的办公环境,与自然和谐共生。     

机场航站楼暖通空调系统的节能运行

以北京首都机场2号航站楼为例,详细介绍了航站楼内暖通空调系统运行概况,并从暖通空调设备的运行管理和系统节能改造等方面详细阐述了大型公建中如何有效降低供冷、供暖季能耗的一些节能做法和措施。其中包括制定空调设备的节能运行控制策略,分时分阶段按需供能,采用末端空调设备的运行与航班联动,分层分系统开启空调设备和优化气流组织;通过更换节能照明灯具,有效降低区域冷负荷;改造优化原有风系统、水系统路由满足局部供能需求。这些节能措施弥补了设计方案的不足,取得了很好的节能效果。     

吊顶辐射冷却塔供冷系统试验研究与性能分析

通过供冷试验及TRNSYS软件模拟研究了吊顶辐射冷却塔供冷系统的运行效果,分析了气象参数、部件结构等因素对系统供冷效果的影响,并与常规供冷系统全年的运行能耗进行对比。试验与理论分析结果表明,吊顶辐射冷却塔供冷系统的有效供冷量能够满足用户供冷需要,供冷房间温度稳定且分布均匀。冷却塔供冷效果与大气湿球温度、建筑内部负荷、热交换器结构等因素有关。辐射顶板末端与冷却塔供冷匹配性高,系统全年运行时数增加,应用于需全年供冷的建筑节能效果显著。     

地板辐射供冷技术的应用分析

为了推广地板辐射供冷这一新型节能技术,本文论述了国内外地板辐射供冷技术的发展状况,对地板辐射供冷的实际应用特点、供冷能力、供冷能耗、设计要点进行了分析.辐射供冷要比常规空调系统节能28%～40%且舒适性强.由于可以冷暖联供,在我国南方和北方都有巨大的发展空间.     

湿热地区农村居住建筑应用沼气空调的前景分析

随着我国新农村建设的不断推进,农村建筑能耗呈现持续快速上升的趋势。沼气空调以沼气为燃料,具有运行经济性突出、节能、清洁环保等优点,能解决农村生活水平提高带来的能源瓶颈问题。文章根据湿热地区农村居住建筑对室内舒适性的要求,利用能耗模拟软件,分析了沼气空调系统在农村应用的可行性,计算可知沼气空调年户均投入仅为电制冷空调年户均投入的74.7%,可认为其在农村建筑中使用沼气空调具有较好的经济和环境效益。     

Enthalpy estimation for thermal comfort and energy saving in air conditioning system

The thermal comfort control of a room must consider not only the thermal comfort level but also energy saving. This paper proposes an enthalpy estimation that is conducive for thermal comfort control and energy saving. The least enthalpy estimator (LEE) combines the concept of human thermal comfort with the theory of enthalpy to predict the load for a suitable setting pair in order to maintain more precisely the thermal comfort level and save energy in the air conditioning system.     

An approach to optimised control of HVAC systems in indoor swimming pools

Indoor swimming pools are recognised as having a high level of energy consumption and present a great potential for energy saving. The energy is spent in several ways such as evaporation heat loss from the pool, high rates of ventilation required to guarantee the indoor air quality, and ambient temperatures with expressive values (typically 28?30°C) required to maintain conditions of comfort. This paper presents an approach to optimising control of heat ventilation and air conditioning systems that could be implemented in a building energy management system. It is easily adapted to any kind of pool and results in significant energy consumption reduction. The development and validation of the control model were carried out with a building thermal simulation software. The use of this control model in the case study building could reduce the energy efficiency index by 7.14 points (7.4% of total) which adds up to an energy cost saving of 15,609€ (7.5% of total).     

Development of novel control strategy for multiple circuit, roof top bus air conditioning system in hot humid countries

A novel control strategy to improve energy efficiency and to enhance passengers’ thermal comfort of a new roof top bus multiple circuit air conditioning (AC) system operating on partial load conditions is presented. A novel strategy for automatic control of the AC system was developed based on numerous experimental test runs at various operating conditions, taking into account energy saving and thermal comfort without sacrificing the proper cycling rate of the system compressor. For this task, more than 50 test runs were conducted at different set point temperatures of 21, 22 and 23 °C. Fanger’s method was used to evaluate passenger thermal comfort, and the system energy consumption was also calculated. A performance comparison between that of the conventional AC system and that of the newly developed one has been conducted. The comparison revealed that the adopted control strategy introduces significant improvements in terms of thermal comfort and energy saving on various partial load conditions. Potential energy saving of up to 31.6% could be achieved. This results in a short payback period of 17 months. It was found from the economic analysis that the new system is able to save approximately 20.0% of the life cycle cost.     

提高空调房间设定温度的节电效果分析

面对当前严峻的节电形势,提出了“合理提高空调房间温度来节约空调用电”的倡议。本文分析了这种节能措施的机理和节能效果的影响因素,同时以北京市为例分析了这种措施能够带来的节电效果和社会效益,并进一步提出了其他空调节能的途径。     

Energy saving by integrated control of natural ventilation and HVAC systems using model guide for comparison

Integrated control by controlling both natural ventilation and HVAC systems based on human thermal comfort requirement can result in significant energy savings. The concept of this paper differs from conventional methods of energy saving in HVAC systems by integrating the control of both these HVAC systems and the available natural ventilation that is based on the temperature difference between the indoor and the outdoor air. This difference affects the rate of change of indoor air enthalpy or indoor air potential energy storage. However, this is not efficient enough as there are other factors affecting the rate of change of indoor air enthalpy that should be considered to achieve maximum energy saving. One way of improvement can be through the use of model guide for comparison (MGFC) that uses physical-empirical hybrid modelling to predict the rate of change of indoor air potential energy storage considering building fabric and its fixture. Three methods (normal, conventional and proposed) are tested on an identical residential building model using predicted mean vote (PMV) sensor as a criterion test for thermal comfort standard. The results indicate that the proposed method achieved significant energy savings compared with the other methods while still achieving thermal comfort.     

地板辐射供冷系统热舒适性的分析与研究

通过对采用地板辐射供冷系统建筑中竖直方向温度分布的均匀性、水平方向温度分布的均匀性、室内空气相对湿度、室内平均辐射温度等影响人体舒适度的因素进行理论分析并用实验进行验证,得出各个影响因素的变化规律以及影响舒适度的本质所在。如果整个系统设计合理,地板辐射系统在夏季供冷是完全可以满足人体热舒适度的要求,尤其在气候干燥的北方、西北地区能很好地发挥其舒适、节能的巨大优势。     

Comparing different control strategies for indoor thermal comfort aimed at the evaluation of the energy cost of quality of building

The rapid improvement in the standard of living requires more detailed and sophisticated methods of evaluating comfort conditions. But, maintaining thermal comfort conditions in confined environments may require complex regulation procedures and the proper management of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. In turn, the requirements for indoor thermal comfort do not necessarily coincide with those of energy saving purposes, which in the last years are becoming a crucial issue owing to the enactment of the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD).The aim of this work is to compare different indoor control thermal comfort strategies in view of the evaluation of the energy cost of quality in buildings.In particular, a new PID-fuzzy controller is presented and compared with a classic ON–OFF controller. The performances of the two controllers are quantified and compared by means of two cost functions that are based on the quadratic forms of the overall energy required by the thermal fluid and of the deviation from the preferred set point of the predicted mean vote (PMV). It is found that the application of the PID-fuzzy controller results in lower costs of energy input and lower deviation from set point of PMV.     

分液热泵空调系统的制热性能研究

随着热泵空调的普及,热泵空调的能耗占比不断增大,其节能问题成为了关注焦点。换热器对系统性能有着重要的影响,如何通过改进换热器来提升系统性能则成为了研究的热点。其中分液冷凝器作为一种新型的换热设备,能对系统制冷性能产生积极影响。但热泵空调系统在制热工况下,分液冷凝器变成气液分离式蒸发器,其系统制热性能尚未可知。通过实验研究,调整毛细管长度和制冷剂充注量,发现在国家标准工况下分液热泵空调系统的最大制热量比原系统高4.50%,C OP比原系统高7.93%,所对应的毛细管长度为700 mm,制冷剂充注量为700 g。且制冷剂过充注的情况下,分液热泵空调系统的制热性能比较稳定。     

超市空调的室内设计参数与总能耗

目前有关超市的室内设计温、湿度对环境舒适性影响的研究匮乏，对超市空调和制冷的相互作用往往忽视或误解。在综合分析了超市室内温度、相对湿度对超市环境舒适性、超市空调能耗、陈列柜能耗的影响后，找出了超市夏季空调最佳温、湿度设定点。