一种研究密闭式冷却塔换热的方法

将淋水填料与盘管组合,并采用横流塔结构,构成密闭式冷却塔,成为当前闭式塔的主流塔型.塔的设计计算方法目前均基于特定填料和盘管形式的试验结果,没有通用性.本文在结合开放横流式冷却塔与蒸发冷却器的热力计算方法的基础上,针对上述塔型,提出了一种着眼于换热机理研究和性能改进的热力计算方法及相应的实验方法.     

一种横流闭式冷却塔的实验与性能评价

创建填料与盘管间隔布置的新型横流闭式冷却塔,在冷却塔进风中引入部分排风,设计了可控制冷却塔空气进口湿球温度的简易实验室,并在设计工况下对该实验室内横流闭式冷却塔进行实验。通过分析换热温差和进口湿球温度与冷却塔换热能力的关系,提出在非标准工况下测试冷却塔的冷却能力评价折算方法,并根据实验结果对比验证了该评价方法的可行性。结果表明:采用该折算方法评价所测冷却塔的冷却能力为71冷吨,与冷却能力计算软件的结果接近。     

紧凑式换热器表面瞬变测试的敏感性分析和数值模拟

提出了一种考虑纵向导热效应的紧凑式换热器表面平均传热系数瞬变测试方法.根据出口流体温度变化的实测数据,用Levenberg-Marquardt非线性曲线拟合,同时对理论模型中的纵向导热参数λl和进口流体温度变化时间常数τ ,以及传热单元数Ntu进行参数估计.敏感性分析和具有测量噪声的数值模拟实验表明,待求的反映换热面传热性能的Ntu参数估计值具有良好的精度.     

内冷通道特性对外表面气膜冷却换热影响研究

采用混合网格和realizable к-ε紊流模型,求解三维N-S方程,对气膜孔入口无横流、仅有横流和横流通道中有扰流肋的情况下,外表面气膜冷却换热特性进行了数值研究.具体分析了横流及肋的存在对气膜冷却外表面换热系数的影响.结果表明,横流及肋的存在使通道流场变得非常复杂,横流提高了外表面的换热系数,且使流动及换热呈现不对称特性分布;而扰流肋的存在减弱了横流对外表面的影响,换热系数相对于仅有横流时降低,且使外表面流动及换热的对称性有所改善.     

太阳辐射强度和温度对增强型冷却塔换热性能影响的研究

太阳能增强型自然通风冷却塔(SENDDCT)作为一种新型空气冷却系统,可利用太阳能提高自然通风冷却塔的效率。利用FLUENT软件建立太阳能增强型冷却塔的三维模型,研究太阳辐射强度和环境温度对其性能的影响;同时设计并搭建太阳能增强型冷却塔的实验系统,在实际天气条件下研究太阳辐射强度对其换热性能的影响。模拟结果表明太阳辐射强度一定时,通过换热器的空气流速以及换热率都会随着环境温度升高而降低。太阳辐射强度为500 W时,环境温度由10℃升到40℃,换热率由1.106 kW下降到0.281 kW。实验结果表明有辐射时冷却塔入口处的平均空气温度要比无辐射时的高5℃;实验期间无辐射时的平均换热率为0.682 kW,有辐射时的平均换热率为0.794 kW,即利用太阳能将平均换热率提高了0.112 kW。     

滴状翅片管传热及阻力特性的试验研究

对滴状翅片管的传热及阻力性能进行了试验,给出了不同风速、温度下的试验结果。探讨了对流换热系数的分离方法。依据实测的数据,将管外空气横掠管簇的对流换热系数从传热系数中分离了出来。对管外的对流换热特性、阻力特性进行了分析研究,并整理成了无量纲准则式。试验表明滴状翅片管的阻力较小,试件性能达到国际先进水平。     

冷却塔的扩能改造

将横流式冷却塔通过技术改造成逆流式,在南化公司动力厂首次应用并取得成效,使处理能力提高了45%以上,是冷却塔提高能力节约投资、行之有效的好方法.     

横流对振荡射流冲击冷却特性影响的数值研究

为了分析横流条件下振荡射流冲击靶面的换热特性,采用数值计算方法研究了横向排列和纵向排列方式下振荡射流冲击靶面的冷却性能,并对纵向排列下的射流振荡器进行了排布角度修正.结果 表明:横流对冲击换热的作用主要受到两方面影响,即冲击点附近的马蹄涡和冲击点向后偏移程度;对于靶面上的冲击核心区,总体上纵向排列的高换热区域后移程度小...     

扁管通道的轿车暖风器传热性能研究

对轿车暖风器的传热性能进行了数值模拟和实验研究,将数值模拟与试验结果相对比,验证了壁面温度选取的正确,为进一步的数值模拟研究打下了基础。依据实测数据,将管内外侧的对流换热系数从传热系数中分离出来,得到了管外换热关系无量纲准则式;对管内外的换热特性、阻力特性进行分析,指出了改善暖风器传热性能的方法,同时验证额定工况性能指标的合理性。     

基于正交试验的涡流发生器传热特性结构数值分析

为进一步提高管壳式换热器壳程换热效率,设计了一种布置于壳程肋片上的仿生鸟喙式涡流发生器。采用ANSYS FLUENT软件结合田口正交试验模拟了矩形通道中鸟喙式涡流发生器的传热特性,分析了纵向高度、斜截角度、迎流攻角、入口距离、流向间距5种结构参数对强化传热和综合热性能的贡献率及最佳结构组合。流动通道为长方体,其长、宽、高分别为1 600,240和40 mm,温度为286.86 K的空气流体从入口以1.491~3.195 m/s的速度流入,通道底部为337.048 K的恒温换热面。结果表明：纵向高度对于强化换热特性的贡献率最高,达到4744%,最强换热效果组合的换热因子较空矩形通道提高了185.71%;迎流攻角对于综合热性能的贡献率最高,达到了总占比的31.35%,利用正交试验分析得到的最强组合较空通道的综合热性能提高了47.82%     

Heat and Mass Transfer in an Indirect Contact Cooling Tower: CFD Simulation and Experiment

The present work is focused on the computational analysis of heat and mass transfer in an indirect contact cooling tower. The main objectives of the study are to contribute to the understanding of heat and mass transfer mechanisms involved in the problem and to check the possibility of making use of a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for simulating mass and heat transfer phenomena occurring in indirect cooling towers. The CFD model uses as boundary conditions the temperatures of the tubes obtained by a correlation model developed by Mizushina. The available mass transfer correlations for indirect cooling towers are presented and compared with a correlation obtained from CFD simulations. The assumption of analogy between heat and mass transfer is also discussed.     

Theoretical Relation between the Number of Diffusion Units and Pressure Drop in Direct Contact Heat Transfer

Abstract

A simple theoretical expression has been developed to relate the number of diffusion units involved in thermal processes controlled by mass transfer with the pressure loss in associated convection or forced air flows. The expression allows the analytical evaluation of a previously defined thermo-fluid dynamic parameter as a function of the liquid/gas ratio in cooling towers. It has been found that experimental data, obtained from different commercial cooling tower fills, behave in a similar way to the calculated theoretical values. A thermo-fluid dynamic efficiency has also been derived that is useful for the quantitative qualification of cooling towers, cooling tower fills, and heat transfer processes in which the mass transfer prevails.     

New Developments in Reboilers and Evaporators

Abstract

A prototype cooling tower was used to explore the potential of using cooling towers compared with radiator cooling systems with 3 MW diesel engines. The working parameters were the water mass flow rate, water inlet temperature, air mass flow rate, and humidity ratio. The water mass flow rate was relatively the most effective. Three methods of calculation were used to evaluate performance—namely, heat and mass balance, psychrometric chart, and the heat and mass transfer method. The first was the best in comparison with experiments. The economic analysis of both the cooling tower and radiator systems showed that it would be more economical in the long run to use cooling towers for diesel engines.     

Integrated analysis of cooling water systems: Modeling and experimental validation

Cooling towers are widely used in many industrial and utility plants as a cooling medium, whose thermal performance is of vital importance. Despite the wide interest in cooling tower design, rating and its importance in energy conservation, there are few investigations concerning the integrated analysis of cooling systems. This work presents an approach for the systemic performance analysis of a cooling water system. The approach combines experimental design with mathematical modeling. An experimental investigation was carried out to characterize the mass transfer in the packing of the cooling tower as a function of the liquid and gas flow rates, whose results were within the range of the measurement accuracy. Then, an integrated model was developed that relies on the mass and heat transfer of the cooling tower, as well as on the hydraulic and thermal interactions with a heat exchanger network. The integrated model for the cooling water system was simulated and the temperature results agree with the experimental data of the real operation of the pilot plant. A case study illustrates the interaction in the system and the need for a systemic analysis of cooling water system. The proposed mathematical and experimental analysis should be useful for performance analysis of real-world cooling water systems.     

Cooling of a permanent magnet electric motor with a centrifugal impeller

This paper presents a thermal fluid analysis on the air cooling of a permanent magnet electric motor with a centrifugal impeller. A numerical model is developed for the heat transfer and fluid flow process. The flow rates of the cooling air are also experimentally measured. The agreement between the numerical model prediction and experimental data is reasonably good. Detailed structures of the cooling flow are presented. Convection heat transfer on the surface of the armature is quantified. Comments on the application of the motor architecture are given. Design modifications are proposed for performance improvements.     

Flow structure and heat exchange analysis in internal cooling channel of gas turbine blade

This paper presents the study of the flow structure and heat transfer, and also their correlations on the four walls of a radial cooling passage model of a gas turbine blade. The investigations focus on heat transfer and aerodynamic measurements in the channel, which is an accurate representation of the configuration used in aeroengines. Correlations for the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop used in the design of radial cooling passages are often developed from simplified models. It is important to note that real engine passages do not have perfect rectangular cross sections, but include corner fillet, ribs with fillet radii and special orientation. Therefore, this work provides detailed fluid flow and heat transfer data for a model of radial cooling geometry which possesses very realistic features.     

Performance analysis and improvement of the use of wind tower in hot dry climate

Wind towers for passive evaporative cooling offer real opportunity for improving the ambient comfort conditions in building whilst reducing the energy consumption of air-conditioning systems.This study aims at assessing the thermal performance of a bioclimatic housing using wind towers realized in a hot dry region of Algeria. Performance monitoring and site measurement of the system provide data which assist model validation. The analysis and site measurement are encouraging, and they confirm the advantage of the application of this passive cooling strategies in hot dry climate.A mathematical model is developed using heat and mass transfer balances. For a more effective evaporative cooling, a number of improvements on wind tower configurations are proposed.     

Influence of internal channel geometry of gas turbine blade on flow structure and heat transfer

This paper presents the study of the influence of channel geometry on the flow structure and heat transfer,and also their correlations on all the walls of a radial cooling passage model of a gas turbine blade.The investigations focus on the heat transfer and aerodynamic measurements in the channel,which is an accurate representation of the configuration used in aeroengines.Correlations for the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop used in the design of internal cooling passages are often developed from simplified models.It is important to note that real engine passages do not have perfect rectangular cross sections,but include a comer fillets,ribs with fillet radii and a special orientation.Therefore,this work provides detailed fluid flow and heat transfer data for a model of radial cooling geometry which has very realistic features.     

某中速柴油机冷却液流动及流固耦合传热计算分析

为获得直观的流场和温度场数据,对某16缸中速柴油机建立了完整的冷却水三维模型,采用FLUENT流体计算软件对其进行了绝热CFD计算分析,得到了冷却水流速、压力等数据。考虑到各缸冷却水套为并列排布方式,各缸之间相对独立,建立了单缸的缸盖-缸套-冷却水耦合传热模型,对其进行了缸盖-缸套-冷却水耦合传热仿真,获得了各部件比较精确直观的温度场分布。结果表明:仿真结果与实测数据吻合较好,从而为柴油机冷却水套的优化设计提供了依据。     

基于MATLAB的回归分析在ACC水冷模型中的应用

在济钢中板厂ACC现场采集数据并进行统计，借助MATLAB平台，对影响ACC水冷模型中的换热系数进行了回归分析，建立了水冷换热系数模型。研究表明，利用MATLAB进行二元线性回归得到的水冷换热系数模型与现场实测数据吻合程度高，此模型可为中板厂ACC现场生产提供理论参考。