“双碳”目标下的北京市氢能应用场景研究

基于碳达峰碳中和宏观政策背景,分析研判了北京市碳达峰碳中和时间节点。结合氢能关键技术发展趋势,对北京市碳达峰、碳中和年度的氢能应用场景进行了分析,研究设计了基于氢燃料电池、氢能分布式发电、氢燃气轮机、氢能航空技术等核心技术的燃油机动车辆替代、燃气发电替代、天然气掺氢供热、居民用氢燃料电池等六大领域应用场景,提出了制定氢能中长期战略规划等政策建议。研究结果显示,氢能在北京市碳达峰年份的碳减排贡献度约为0.2%,在碳中和年份的碳减排贡献度约为10.29%,氢能将成为北京市产业及能源体系的重要组成部分。     

碳中和目标下电化学储能技术进展及展望

针对碳中和目标下可再生能源并网引发的电力系统不稳定的现状,介绍了电力系统各个环节对于储能的需求特性,讨论了电化学储能,包括超级电容器、碱金属离子电容器、碱金属离子电池、液流电池、其他二次电池、氢能等技术的特点与发展现状,分析了它们在适配大规模储能时所面临的挑战,展望了其未来应用前景和发展趋势.最后指出,电化学储能技术应朝着\"高性能、高安全性、低成本\"的方向发展.     

"双碳"目标下我国能源低碳转型路径及建议

携手应对全球气候变化已经成为国际社会的广泛共识,中国作为全球应对气候变化的重要参与者和积极实践者,已将碳达峰、碳中和纳入生态文明建设整体布局.推进碳迭峰、碳中和战略是一场广泛而深刻的经济社会系统性变革,其中能源系统低碳转型将是实现"双碳"目标的关键.在当前经济社会发展水平下,应采用"两步加速"的总体发展方案,近期可通过加快发展非化石能源,确保2030年前碳达峰,并实施以2℃温升目标和1.5℃温升目标为导向的长期转型路径,力争在2060年前实现碳中和.为保证"双碳"目标的实现,应大力加强高比例可再生能源及配套技术、煤电行业低碳转型路径以及碳捕集、利用和封存等关键技术或规划问题的研究.     

氢能--我国未来的清洁能源

氢能是一种能源载体，是指在目前或者可以预见的将来，人类社会可以通过某种途径获得的，并可以以工业规模加以利用的储藏在氢中的能量。氢并不是什么新事物，大约250年前人们就发现了氢；约150年前，氢获得工业应用。在使用天然气之前，人们就用所谓的城市瓦斯来取暖、做饭或道路照明；瓦斯中含氢达60％。我国在推广天然气之前，广泛使用的由煤制取的城市煤气中氢含量高达50％以上。所以，人们对氢并不陌生。     

“双碳”背景下数据中心氢能应用的可行性研究

氢气是可再生能源电力的优质载体,也被认为是未来数据中心行业实现碳中和的重要助力。以节能降碳为主要出发点,介绍数据中心氢能应用的意义、前景及相关研究现状,分析氢能产业链中制氢、储氢、用氢等各环节对数据中心氢能应用的影响,最后阐述氢能作为数据中心备用电源、集中式电源以及分布式电源等不同应用场景的概念性方案,并分析各应用场景的技术特点及发展前景。     

双碳背景下江苏省煤炭清洁高效利用路径研究

煤炭清洁高效利用对推动江苏省能源结构转型和助力碳达峰碳中和目标实现具有重要意义。本文从江苏省煤炭消费总量、行业分布、煤炭来源等方面分析了江苏省煤炭消费特征,深入剖析了江苏省煤炭清洁高效利用现状和面临的主要问题与挑战。基于此,本文从前端净化、中端转化和后端治理等不同阶段出发,提出了适应江苏省煤炭消费特征的煤炭清洁高效利用技术路线,并提出大力推进重点耗煤领域节能提效、优化煤炭储配体系提升煤炭质量、强化煤炭清洁高效利用领域科技创新、建立健全煤炭清洁高效利用促进机制、加强煤炭清洁高效利用监督管理等技术路径和政策建议,为新形势下江苏乃至全国提升煤炭清洁高效利用水平、推动能源结构优化提供参考。     

“双碳”目标下我国清洁能源发电现状及发展趋势

清洁能源发展是我国能源改革的一项重大战略举措,清洁能源是助推我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要手段。为助推我国实现“双碳”目标,在国家政策的引导下,倡导清洁能源发展,全面推进风能、水力、光伏等清洁能源发电,建立风电、水电、光电等综合可再生能源发电基地逐步取代传统能源结构。本文通过分析我国清洁能源发展状况,客观剖析我国清洁能源发展趋势和应用前景,解读了国家针对清洁能源的发展态势,阐述我国目前清洁能源发电存在的问题及弊端,并对清洁能源未来发展趋势提出己见,助推清洁能源取得佳绩。     

双碳目标下新疆发展清洁能源对策分析

新疆是我国重要能源基地,开发利用清洁能源,可以减少二氧化碳的排放量,减少对生态环境的污染和破坏,对实现我国双碳目标,促进新疆经济可持续发展和实现和谐社会具有十分重要的意义.本文研究和分析了新疆清洁能源开发利用和消费现状,针对新疆清洁能源开发存在的问题,提出相应的对策.     

双碳背景下氢能产业发展及混氢输送工艺研究

氢能由于具有清洁、绿色、安全性高等特点,正成为我国能源结构转型升级的新方向。天然气管道掺氢输送对于加快我国构建清洁绿色,安全高效的能源体系,实现“碳达峰、碳中和”能源战略目标具有十分重要的意义。首先阐述了氢能在实现双碳目标中的作用,既可以减少化石能源的消耗,又可以促进终端能源消耗的绿色化发展。其次,总结了天然气掺氢产业发展现状,天然气掺氢输送作为氢能发展的重要环节,需要从上游制氢到下游终端利用全产业链技术的支持。最后,从燃气的互换性、设备与管道的适应性以及泄漏的安全性等方面对混氢输送工艺关键问题进行了分析。研究建议从管材氢脆腐蚀机理、储气设备泄漏危险分析、掺氢输送标准体系建设等方面继续深入研究,以期为双碳目标的实现提供有力的技术支持。     

储能在碳达峰碳中和目标下的战略地位和作用

实现"碳中和、碳达峰"目标将引发一场深刻的能源和工业革命,会对未来社会经济生活带来深远影响.储能是实现"双碳"目标和能源革命的关键支撑技术,发展储能具有重大的战略意义.本文阐述了在中国"碳达峰、碳中和"目标背景下储能的战略地位和作用,并深入探讨了储能目前的发展现状和未来发展趋势,进而给出储能战略发展的政策需求和建议.     

碳中和背景下北京市低碳标准体系建设现状分析

本文对北京市、国内以及国际上目前的低碳标准现状进行了梳理,分析指出了北京市在碳中和背景下低碳标准建设中的短板,在此基础上提出了针对性建议,指出应充分发挥低碳标准的基础性支撑和战略性引领作用,有力促进本市碳中和目标的早日实现.     

碳中和目标下移动式储能系统关键技术

可再生能源规模化并网发电量将不断提高,因其出力间歇性导致的电网波动大、电能质量差以及电网灵活性调节能力差等问题是电力系统需要应对的重要挑战.移动式储能技术因具备灵活性强、响应速度快且覆盖范围广等优势而备受关注.为推动移动式储能技术的示范应用,本文首先对双碳目标下移动式储能技术的相关政策及示范工程进行梳理分析.然后对其应...     

Sweet carbon: An analysis of sugar industry carbon market opportunities under the clean development mechanism

Bagasse power generation projects provide a useful framework for evaluating several key aspects of the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol. On the positive side, our analysis, which draws in part from a data set of 204 bagasse electricity generation projects at sugar mills, indicates that these projects provide Annex I country investors with a cost-effective means to achieve greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Our analysis also confirms that the marketplace for Clean Development Mechanism-derived offsets is robust and competitive. Moreover, bagasse projects appear to provide a positive example in a “new wave” of clean energy investment that has replaced the earlier industrial gas projects. At the same time, we also identify two aspects of the CDM that demand improvement. First, the additionality standard needs to be tightened and made more transparent and consistent. Financial additionality should be required for all projects; however, any financial additionality test applied by the Clean Development Mechanism's Executive Board must be informed by the significant barriers faced by many projects. Second, the administrative processes for registration and verification of offsets need to be streamlined in order to prevent long registration time lags from chilling clean energy investment.     

Comprehensive review of low carbon hydrogen projects towards the decarbonization pathway

The comprehensive worldwide review of hydrogen projects is based on the data presented in the International Energy Agency (IEA) database till October 2021. The data are verified using more than 500 information sources. The article analyzes 383 completed, ongoing, and planned hydrogen projects in 39 countries with known timeframes between 2000 and 2030 years regarding location, timeframe, hydrogen production technology, end product, end-use sector, electrolysis installed capacity, and zero-carbon estimated normalized capacity. The results show that crucial parameters undergo significant changes over time, mainly due to the transition from demonstration projects to projects aimed at industrial implementation. The change in the results while considering 45 electrolysis and two non-electrolysis projects with unknown timeframes are discussed. Authors plan a series of articles analyzing global trends in low-carbon hydrogen production to give worldwide scientists and experts the current stage of knowledge on essential technologies at the period of their industrial emergence.     

Coal production forecast and low carbon policies in China

With rapid economic growth and industrial expansion, China consumes more coal than any other nation. Therefore, it is particularly crucial to forecast China's coal production to help managers make strategic decisions concerning China's policies intended to reduce carbon emissions and concerning the country's future needs for domestic and imported coal. Such decisions, which must consider results from forecasts, will have important national and international effects. This article proposes three improved forecasting models based on grey systems theory: the Discrete Grey Model (DGM), the Rolling DGM (RDGM), and the p value RDGM. We use the statistical data of coal production in China from 1949 to 2005 to validate the effectiveness of these improved models to forecast the data from 2006 to 2010. The performance of the models demonstrates that the p value RDGM has the best forecasting behaviour over this historical time period. Furthermore, this paper forecasts coal production from 2011 to 2015 and suggests some policies for reducing carbon and other emissions that accompany the rise in forecasted coal production.     

Life cycle assessment of the electrolytic production and utilization of low carbon hydrogen vehicle fuel

Environmental burdens associated with small scale (40 L hydrogen per minute) production of hydrogen fuel using electrolysis powered by electricity generated from stand-alone wind turbines (30 kW), stand-alone photovoltaic panels (3 kW peak) and UK grid electricity (current and future) has been undertaken. Utilization of fuel within a proton exchange membrane fuel cell passenger vehicle was included and compared to the operation of a petrol vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle fuelled with non-renewable hydrogen, and an electric (battery only) vehicle. The production of renewable hydrogen from wind energy incurs increased climate change burdens compared with extraction and processing of fossil petrol (0.09 mPt compared with 0.07 mPt). However, lower burdens for fossil fuel (1.85 mPt) and climate change (0.26 mPt) are realised by the renewable hydrogen options compared with petrol (4.44 mPt and 0.44 mPt, respectively) following utilization of the fuel due to lower emissions at end use. Utilizing a combination of renewable hydrogen fuelled vehicles and grid powered electric vehicles was considered to be a viable option for meeting UK policy ambitions.     

Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide under atmospheric pressure and low temperature

In order to realize the effective reduction and utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in coal-fired flue gas, a process was developed under atmospheric pressure that uses KBH₄ as an efficient hydrogen donor. By investigating the influencing factors of CO₂ conversion, the optimal experimental conditions were determined and the average CO₂ conversion efficiency of 50.36% was obtained when the KBH₄ concentration was 0.2 mol/L, reaction temperature was 50 °C, solution pH was 8, and flow rate was 300 mL/min. The experimental results also verified that the coexisting gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O₂) in flue gas had no significant competition or inhibition effect on CO₂ conversion. Meanwhile, the conversion products were analyzed by an Ion Chromatography (IC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the results proved that the main reaction product was formate. Combined with the relevant literatures, the mechanism of CO₂ reaction with KBH₄ was proposed.     

Tuning catalytic performances of cobalt catalysts for clean hydrogen generation via variation of the type of carbon support and catalyst post-treatment temperature

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, three types of activated carbons, single wall carbon nanotube and reduced graphene oxides were used to synthesize nano-sized Co catalysts for H₂ preparation via NH₃ decomposition. Catalyst samples were characterized by number of techniques such as N₂ physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopes (XPS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CO chemisorption, temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed desorption (N₂-TPD). The catalytic activities of the studied catalysts for H₂ production via NH₃ decomposition were measured in a fixed-bed micro-reactor. Co catalyst supported on multi-wall carbon nanotubes has shown the highest catalytic activity. The Co particles size was significantly affected by the variation of the post-treatment temperature. The Co particles size in the range of 4.7–64.8 nm can be effectively controlled by varying post-treatment temperature between 230 and 700 °C. The maximum TOF of NH₃ decomposition was registered on cobalt catalyst post-treated at 600 °C.