双旋流平焰烧嘴的数值模拟

为改善常规混合煤气平焰烧嘴性能,使之在更大的调节比下保持火焰形状为圆盘状,并保证对尽可能多的不同热值的混合煤气的适应性能,使用Fluent软件对实验用200 m3/h双旋流平焰烧嘴的空气旋流器、煤气旋流器等局部结构以及整体燃烧情况进行了模拟分析;得到了平焰烧嘴的温度分布、燃烧组分的浓度和流场的等参量的详细结果,模拟计算的结果与实验测试结果吻合。这些工作对改进烧嘴的设计和系列化有较强的指导作用,并显示了CFD软件在烧嘴优化设计和研究中的作用。     

低温回火用自身预热式烧嘴常规/大空燃比燃烧试验研究

针对回火炉用的自身预热式烧嘴进行了常规/大空燃比组合燃烧的试验研究,试验结果表明采用常规/大空燃比组合燃烧烧嘴工作稳定可靠、火焰速度高、火焰温度低,可在工程中使用。     

WZ003432蓄热式烧嘴在液体燃料焚烧式钢包预热炉上的应用

概述了陶瓷蓄热体式煤油烧嘴在钢包（浇包）预热炉上的应用。重点介绍了烧嘴与蜂窝型蓄热体的设计及其在钢包预热中的实际应用。实际应用表明，与传统的烧嘴预热方式相比，该蓄热式烧嘴燃料消耗减少54％，NOx排放量减少60％-70％；钢包内衬表面温差最高为24℃（比传统的烧嘴预热方式小50％），     

高压雾化柴油烧嘴的研制及应用

该烧嘴自带燃烧室，用压缩空气作雾化剂，在烧嘴内与柴油先混合，然后利用其二次临界膨胀产生的高速对柴油进行剪切，保证了燃油的良好雾化。同时合理地组织助燃空气的流动，在烧嘴内形成一个稳定火焰的回流区，并将空气引入燃烧室，使空气与燃料炬良好混合与稳定燃。该烧嘴具有点火方便、燃烧稳定、燃烧效率高、调节比大、调温范围宽、污染小等优点，特别适用于中低温炉。该烧嘴可燃烧重油、渣油等，或用蒸汽雾化。     

低合金硅锰钢电阻炉加热中氧化烧损量的研究

介绍了近年来天然气和氧气的供需状况及其在化工生产、燃烧装置、气化等方面应用技术的新发展。认为是先进的燃烧装置有：煤气．氧气风口烧嘴，用于反应器的煤气氧气烧嘴，用于干燥和烘烤耐火材料内衬的煤气烧嘴（套管式烧嘴，富氧鼓风；可调式烧嘴）。对这些烧嘴的结构和性能进行了介绍，并特别阐述了富氧鼓风对炉子工作的重要意义。     

磨煤干燥系统中热风炉应用研究

研究了壳牌煤气化装置磨煤干燥系统中热风炉长明灯和柴油烧嘴损坏的主要原因,分析最简改造方案,提出在长明灯和柴油烧嘴停止运行后通入工厂空气的方法,通过改造后的运行情况表明,对热风炉控制方案的改造可提升长明灯、柴油烧嘴和燃料气烧嘴的使用寿命,保证磨煤干燥系统的稳定运行。     

用平焰烧嘴改造加热炉的几个技术问题

平焰烧嘴和传统的烧嘴不同,它喷出的不是直焰而是贴着炉壁向四周均匀伸展的圆盘形薄层,它具有升温快、温度均匀、节约燃料和可按钢种和产量灵活供热等优点。在各种加热炉的改造中已获得了广泛的应用。在选用平焰烧嘴设计和改造加热炉时,应根据平焰烧嘴的特点,采取一些相应的措施,才能收到较好的经济效果。本文结合我厂辊底式钢管热处理炉等应用平焰烧嘴的实践经验,对平焰烧嘴应用中的几个技术问题进行了探讨。     

W型辐射管烧嘴温度均匀性试验

通过对比试验分析了同轴平行射流烧嘴喷头结构对辐射管管温分布的影响规律,结果显示空气出口速度和煤气出口速度以及一二次进风比例的选择对管温分布的影响最大。随着烧嘴空气出口速度的增加,辐射管前部段温度上升,尾部段温度下降。随着烧嘴煤气出口速度的降低,辐射管前部段温度上升,辐射管尾端变化情况不大。烧嘴空气和煤气出口速度相近时,燃烧火焰拉长。烧嘴二次风比例增加,辐射管管温存在下降趋势,烧嘴一二次煤气比例对辐射管表面温度均匀性影响较小。     

高粘度重油烧嘴的设计方法与试验验证

根据Y型烧嘴的特点,通过理论分析和试验研究和运用前人的成果,提出了适用于工业窑炉的高粘度重油Y型烧嘴的设计方法,并以雾化颗粒度为最优目标对烧嘴结构进行了优化设计.设计方法中考虑了工作参数、结构、油气(汽)的物性等因素的综合影响.试验结果表明,用此方法设计的高粘度重油烧嘴的性能良好,设计方法有效.     

多孔蓄热式烧嘴系统的开发

为解决传统熔铝炉蓄热烧嘴对置导致的炉壁局部过热和铝材氧化严重等问题,最近日本三建产业株式会社与住友金属工业株式会社联手共同开发了炉顶配置式多孔蓄热式烧嘴,并投放工业炉市场.介绍了多孔蓄热式烧嘴的研究开发、特点、优越性与待开发的课题.给出了上述烧嘴的燃烧操作流程示意图和实际作业参数.图4表1多孔蓄热式烧嘴系统的开发@陈留根     

液化石油气烧嘴的试验研究

介绍了LYS2液化石油气烧嘴的结构特点和热工特点。它具有空－煤气混合好、调节比大、助烧空气压力低、可用于冷风或热风、适应性强等特点。     

Development and characterization of a low-NOx partially premixed hydrogen burner using numerical simulation and flame diagnostics

The utilization of hydrogen as a fuel in free jet burners faces particular challenges due to its special combustion properties. The high laminar and turbulent flame velocities may lead to issues in flame stability and operational safety in premixed and partially premixed burners. Additionally, a high adiabatic combustion temperature favors the formation of thermal nitric oxides (NO). This study presents the development and optimization of a partially premixed hydrogen burner with low emissions of nitric oxides. The single-nozzle burner features a very short premixing duct and a simple geometric design. In a first development step, the design of the burner is optimized by numerical investigation (Star CCM+) of mixture formation, which is improved by geometric changes of the nozzle. The impact of geometric optimization and of humidification of the combustion air on NO_x emissions is then investigated experimentally. The hydrogen flame is detected with an infrared camera to evaluate the flame stability for different burner configurations. The improved mixture formation by geometric optimization avoids temperature peaks and leads to a noticeable reduction in NO_x emissions for equivalence ratios below 0.85. The experimental investigations also show that NO_x emissions decrease with increasing relative humidity of combustion air. This single-nozzle forms the basis for multi-nozzle burners, where the desired output power can flexibly be adjusted by the number of single nozzles.     

采用旋流煤粉燃烧方式的1 025 t/h锅炉结渣原因的工业试验

针对采用旋流煤粉燃烧方式燃用贫煤的1025 t/h锅炉结渣问题,进行了冷、热态工业试验．结果表明,采用双调风旋流燃烧器的锅炉中、下层燃烧器区域结渣；高负荷结渣严重,低负荷结渣情况有所减缓,但掉渣更加频繁；锅炉前墙燃烧器区温度高于后墙．双调风旋流燃烧器和中心给粉燃烧器都具有大且稳定的回流区,并有较大的扩展角；下层燃烧器采用中心给粉旋流煤粉燃烧器可有效避免结渣．     

天然气-汽油双燃料发动机燃烧特性试验研究

为了探究天然气-汽油双燃料燃烧模式在现代发动机上的适用性及潜在优势,基于一台增压直喷发动机结合进气道喷射天然气和缸内喷射汽油,开展了不同负荷、过量空气系数和天然气替代率下天然气-汽油双燃料燃烧特性试验研究。结果表明,低负荷固定转矩工况下,随着天然气质量流量增加,发动机最高燃烧压力提高,燃烧相位提前,循环变动降低,且在稀燃条件下尤为明显。中等负荷固定转矩工况下的燃烧特性变化规律与低负荷工况相似,而在高天然气替代率、稀燃条件下有效热效率随天然气质量流量增加明显提高。高负荷节气门全开工况下,尽管发动机最大转矩有所下降,但爆震起点和强度得到有效抑制,燃烧相位也明显改善,因此可以通过增压来弥补发动机功率不足的问题。     

旋转气流对低压油烧嘴特性的影响

通过实验研究了旋转气流对低压油烧嘴的油流量、空气流量、空气和油射流扩张角、射流横截面上的油流量分布、油滴平均直径等冷态特性以及对点火性能、火焰温度、火焰长度等热态特性的影响。结果表明:采用旋转气流及用改变旋流强度的方法来调节低压油烧嘴的火焰长度是切实可行的。     

全自动燃气燃烧器的设计

全自动燃气燃烧器技术是现代燃烧应用领域的发展方向之一，文章介绍了全自动燃气燃烧器的构成及技术特点，燃烧器头部，燃气管路，空气系统和控制系统的设计方法。     

冷、热EGR对柴油机性能、燃烧及排放特性的影响

为在保持柴油机动力性和经济性能的同时有效改善其排放性能,在一台4缸柴油机上针对6、12、24mg循环喷油量的负荷工况(记作低、中、高负荷)对比研究了冷、热废气再循环(EGR)对性能、燃烧及排放特性的影响。结果表明:EGR的引入减少了新鲜进气量,整体上延长了滞燃期,减缓了燃烧放热速率,降低了压力升高率;热EGR提高了进气温度,使低负荷时的碳氢化合物(HC)排放显著降低,热效率提高,而高负荷高EGR率时由于过量空气系数偏低引起了热效率的明显降低,对最大压力升高率的降低作用也弱于冷EGR;随着EGR率的提高,三种负荷下的氮氧化物(NO_x)排放均大幅度降低,碳烟排放在低、中负荷时较低,而在高负荷时则明显升高,NO_x与碳烟排放之间出现此消彼长的矛盾趋势。冷的高EGR率下的碳烟排放升高幅度减小,有效地缓解了这种矛盾。综合分析低、中、高负荷下的热效率及排放,低负荷时为提高热效率宜采用热EGR,高负荷时为降低过高的压力升高率并兼顾热效率则更适合采用冷EGR。     

Development and test of combustion chamber for Stirling engine heated by natural gas

The combustion chamber is an important component for the Stifling engine heated by natural gas. In the paper, we develop a combustion chamber for the Stifling engine which aims to generate 3-5 kWe electric power. The combustion chamber includes three main components： combustion module, heat exchange cavity and thermal head. Its feature is that the structure can divide ＂combustion＂ process and ＂heat transfer＂ process into two appar- ent individual steps and make them happen one by one. Since natural gas can mix with air fully before burning, the combustion process can be easily completed without the second wind. The flame can avoid contacting the thermal head of Stifling engine, and the temperature fields can be easily controlled. The designed combustion chamber is manufactured and its performance is tested by an experiment which includes two steps. The experi- mental result of the first step proves that the mixture of air and natural gas can be easily ignited and the flame burns stably. In the second step of experiment, the combustion heat flux can reach 20 kW, and the energy utiliza- tion efficiency of thermal head has exceeded 0.5. These test results show that the thermal performance of com- bustion chamber has reached the design goal, The designed combustion chamber can be applied to a real Stifling engine heated by natural gas which is to generate 3-5 kWe electric power.     

水平浓淡风煤粉燃烧器炉内空气动力场的试验研究

在１２５ＭＷ锅炉模拟试验台上，比较了水平浓度淡风煤燃烧在不同侧二次风风速下的炉内空气动力场，结果表明，侧二次风与一次风动压头之比在１～２．４之间时，炉内空气动力场变化不大，旋转气流切圆直径适中，充满度良好，侧二次风风速较近于三次风风速时，炉内旋转气流切圆直径明显增大，气流旋转强烈，出现气流贴墙现象，热态运行的时易出现结渣和高温腐蚀，本文的研究这种燃烧器的应用提供了依据。     

Investigation of the structural and reactants properties on the thermal characteristics of a premixed porous burner

Porous burners offer attractive features such as competitive combustion efficiency, high power ranges, and lower pollutant emissions. In the present study, the thermal characteristics of a porous burner are numerically investigated for a range of operating conditions and design specifications within a practical range. The premixed flame propagation of a methane/air mixture in a ceramic porous medium is simulated through an unsteady, one-dimensional model. The combustion process is modeled using a suitable single-step chemical kinetics. The reaction location is not predetermined, thus the flame is allowed to float within the solid matrix or to run off from either side of the porous medium. The numerical results indicate that flame stability and thermal characteristics of the burner are strongly dependent on the inlet mixture specifications and the solid matrix structural properties. For a fixed value of the inlet firing rate, the combustion products temperature will increase by an increase in the inlet gas temperature, an increase in the matrix porosity, or by a decrease of the matrix pore density. Among the geometrical properties, the burner length has virtually no effect on the burner performance. An increase in the solid matrix porosity or burner firing rate will increase the efficiency of the preheating zone, while increasing the inlet gas temperature or matrix pore density will cause a reduction in this efficiency. Simulation results also suggest that in order to prevent flame blow-out or flash-back, critical values of the burner settings and design parameters must be avoided.