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1.
为探究分流叶片对离心泵空化性能的影响,以IS80-50-200模型泵为研究对象,在模型泵上设计添加了3种不同进口直径分流叶片,利用CFD软件对离心泵进行全流道三维定常湍流空化数值模拟,分析不同汽蚀余量对离心泵空化特性和叶轮内部流场的影响,探究叶轮空化初生和发展规律。结果表明:添加分流叶片后,泵的扬程、效率均有一定程度的提高,且分流叶片的进口直径对扬程和效率的影响不大;泵的H-Q曲线驼峰减弱;泵的抗空化性能均有提高。在研究的水力模型中,当离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.8D2时,泵的抗空化性能最好。添加分流叶片后,长叶片两侧压差减小,叶轮进口处的低压区范围变小,有利于提高泵的抗空化能力。  相似文献   

2.
为研究叶片数在离心泵设计工况下对瞬态空化特性的影响,基于SST k-ω湍流模型和Zwart空化模型,以3种叶轮叶片数的离心泵为研究对象对其内部空化流动进行三维非定常数值模拟。结果表明:对于3组不同叶片数(Z=4、5、6)的叶轮,随着叶片数逐渐增加,离心泵扬程增加,但效率无明显差异;不同叶片数离心泵的空化特性曲线不同,临界空化点压力以及扬程断裂值不同,3种叶轮方案在无空化时的扬程分别为44.8、41.8和39.2 m,扬程断裂的相对值分别占其扬程的27%、25%、32%,即Z=5的叶轮离心泵扬程下降最少;在叶轮的一个旋转周期内,随着时间的增大,Z=4的空泡体积逐渐增加,Z=5和Z=6的空泡体积逐渐减小;叶片数较少时,叶轮流道内相对轴面漩涡运动剧烈,流体的绝对速度降低,造成泵压头的衰减,加速空化发生。  相似文献   

3.
采用ANSYS(有限元分析)软件,对有/无分流叶片的离心泵流道内的空化流动进行定常及非定常的数值模拟,分析分流叶片对离心泵空化性能的影响,同时对叶轮进出口以及蜗壳内的压力场进行监测,得到空化条件下的压力脉动规律。结果表明:添加分流叶片后,泵的空化性能提高,临界空化余量减小。随着空化余量NPSHA的不断下降,空化所诱导的压力脉动逐渐加剧,其中以泵隔舌处的压力脉动最为明显。有/无分流叶片离心泵内压力脉动主要发生在叶频及其谐波位置。添加分流叶片后,离心泵内的压力脉动得到明显改善。  相似文献   

4.
为研究叶片数对船用离心泵性能的影响,结合CFD软件CFX对三种不同叶片数的船用离心泵作全流场定常计算。计算时选用NSL125 415/A02型船用离心泵,以清水为工作介质,基于雷诺时均N S方程和标准κ ε紊流模型,压力、速度耦合采用SIMPLEC算法进行速度分量和压力方程的分离求解。通过不同叶片数船用离心泵在设计工况下的数值模拟和对比分析,揭示了不同叶片数船用离心泵的内部流动规律,获得了叶片数对船用离心泵的扬程、效率和性能的影响程度,为船用离心泵叶片数选取提供了参考。  相似文献   

5.
叶莉 《水电能源科学》2017,35(9):135-139
为研究叶片进口位置对小流量工况下离心泵空化性能的影响,应用数值计算方法模拟了比转数为81的离心泵的三种模型,得到不同进口边位置的离心泵空化特性,并分析了叶轮内部流场与空化性能曲线的影响关系。结果表明,在小流量工况下,低比转速离心泵叶片进口边位置越靠前,抗空化性能较好,但严重空化后扬程衰减更快,流道直接被空泡堵塞,流道和叶片表面气泡分布较均匀,且气泡充斥流道速度较快,气泡体积分数各流道差值越小。相比较而言,叶片进口位置越靠后,气泡在流道内部和叶片背面分布不均匀,易出现噪声和振动,但在断裂空化状态,气泡并未完全堵塞流道,扬程下降速度较慢。整体来看,在小流量工况下,叶片进口边位置越靠前,离心泵的抗空化性能较好,并通过试验研究验证了模拟结果的可靠性。研究成果可为小流量工况下低比转速离心泵抗空化性能的优化提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
为揭示螺旋轴流式多相混输泵的空化性能及不同空化阶段下多相混输泵性能的变化规律,基于标准κ-ε湍流模型和Rayleigh-Plesset空化模型,对螺旋轴流式多相混输泵空化性能进行数值模拟,分析不同空化阶段空泡的发展对流速和压力分布的影响,揭示空化现象造成泵扬程下降的主要原因。结果表明,在螺旋轴流式多相混输泵内,在空化初生阶段,空泡主要集中在叶片吸力面进口处,随着空化余量的减小,空泡沿叶片吸力面流线方向逐渐延伸,当空化余量为0.8m时,空泡同时出现在压力面和吸力面上;当空化发展到压力面时,易导致混输泵的做功能力急剧下降;空泡体积分数越大,空泡末端区域的压力梯度变化就越大,会造成边界层分离和回流现象,加速空化的发展;空化会干扰叶轮内部流体的流动,使得空化区域流体的流速变化较大,从而导致流动的稳定性变差。研究结果可为多相混输泵性能的改善提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
为分析离心泵叶轮开孔对空化性能的影响,选取一普通离心泵作为研究对象,在进口易空化区不同位置做不同直径的贯通孔,利用CFD仿真软件,对模型进行全流道三维定常湍流空化数值模拟,研究在不同进口汽蚀余量条件、不同开孔位置和不同开孔直径对离心泵性能影响。结果表明:开孔会造成叶轮内能量损失,损失大小与开孔直径和孔内平均流速正相关;开孔对离心泵空化性能影响主要取决于流体在吸力面与压力面之间的能量差和开孔造成的能量损失之间的差值,差值为正则抑制空化,差值为负则加剧空化;扬程和效率随开孔直径先升高后下降,当穿孔直径为3 mm时,达到最大值;开孔会影响叶片吸力面压力及流场分布;综合看,在C=0. 5流面开孔优于在C=0. 9流面开孔。  相似文献   

8.
为了验证水力空化杀菌的可行性,本文搭建了基于旋转空化器的水力空化实验系统,研究入口压力和空化发生温度对大肠杆菌的杀菌效果。研究结果表明,当入口压力在-0.02 MPa至-0.05 MPa之间变化时,其对杀菌效果影响并不大;但空化发生温度却显著影响杀菌效果,当空化发生温度为60℃时,大肠杆菌全部灭活。  相似文献   

9.
建立了超声波辅助制备生物柴油中空化气泡运动的动力学模型,采用MATLAB对模型方程进行数值模拟,探讨超声频率、声压幅值、空化泡的初始半径和环境压力对空化泡运动的影响.模拟结果表明,随着超声波频率的增加,空化效应减弱;超声声压较小时,超声波空化为稳态空化过程,随着声压的增加,空化气泡半径变化幅度增加,空化气泡所带来的空化效应必然增加;气泡的原始半径为超声波频率对应的共振尺寸时,空化情况最为激烈,声化效果最好;环境压力变化时,气泡运动的振幅差别不大.经分析得到提高生物柴油产率的较佳条件,即较低频率、较大声压幅值、气泡直径为共振尺寸、普通大气压.该研究可为超声在制备生物柴油中的应用提供基础理论依据.  相似文献   

10.
胡帅 《热能动力工程》2017,32(8):100-106
通过CFturbo与UG软件建立及优化模型,基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和Rayleigh-Plesset空化模型,利用CFX(计算流体力学)软件对微型高速离心泵进行数值模拟。通过小流量和不同进口总压工况,对叶轮进口段流动特性、叶片表面和叶轮流道的静压分布以及叶轮流道内空泡数分布3个方面进行流场分析。结果表明:流量对叶轮进口段回流影响较大;叶片前缘到后缘的压力逐渐增大,叶轮流道进口到出口的压力也逐渐增加;扬程系数陡降前的振动是叶轮空化不稳定引起的,随着空化系数的降低,空泡体积数逐渐占据整个叶轮流道,空泡分布也由不对称转变为对称结构;为微型高速泵的设计和研究提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

11.
Woody biomass in Finland and Sweden comprises mainly four wood species: spruce, pine, birch and aspen. To study the ash, which may cause problems for the combustion device, one tree of each species were cut down and prepared for comparisons with fuel samples. Well-defined samples of wood, bark and foliage were analyzed on 11 ash-forming elements: Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, K, P, S and Cl. The ash content in the wood tissues (0.2–0.7%) was low compared to the ash content in the bark tissues (1.9–6.4%) and the foliage (2.4–7.7%). The woods’ content of ash-forming elements was consequently low; the highest contents were of Ca (410–1340 ppm) and K (200–1310), followed by Mg (70–290), Mn (15–240) and P (0–350). Present in the wood was also Si (50–190), S (50–200) and Cl (30–110). The bark tissues showed much higher element contents; Ca (4800–19,100 ppm) and K (1600–6400) were the dominating elements, followed by Mg (210–2400), P (210–1200), Mn (110–1100) and S (310–750), but the Cl contents (40–330) were only moderately higher in the bark than in the wood. The young foliage (shoots and deciduous leaves) had the highest K (7100–25,000 ppm), P (1600–5300) and S (1100–2600) contents of all tissues, while the shoots of spruce had the highest Cl contents (820–1360) and its needles the highest Si content (5000–11,300). This paper presented a new approach in fuel characterization: the method excludes the presence of impurities, and focus on different categories of plant tissues. This made it possible to discuss the contents of ash element in a wide spectrum of fuel-types, which are of large importance for the energy production in Finland and Sweden.  相似文献   

12.
正1 ABSTRACT To reduce the effect of global warming on our climate,the levels of CO2emissions should be reduced.One way to do this is to increase the efficiency of electricity production from fossil fuels.This will in turn reduce the amount of CO2emissions for a given power output.Using US practice for efficiency calculations,then a move from a typical US plant running at 37%efficiency to a 760℃/38.5 MPa(1 400/5 580 psi)plant running at 48%efficiency would reduce CO2emissions by 170kg/MW.hr or 25%.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Natural gas is a fossil fuel that has been used and investigated extensively for use in spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engines. Compared with conventional gasoline engines, SI engines using natural gas can run at higher compression ratios, thus producing higher thermal efficiencies but also increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, while producing lower emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). These engines also produce relatively less power than gasoline-fueled engines because of the convergence of one or more of three factors: a reduction in volumetric efficiency due to natural-gas injection in the intake manifold; the lower stoichiometric fuel/air ratio of natural gas compared to gasoline; and the lower equivalence ratio at which these engines may be run in order to reduce NOx emissions. High NOx emissions, especially at high loads, reduce with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). However, EGR rates above a maximum value result in misfire and erratic engine operation. Hydrogen gas addition increases this EGR threshold significantly. In addition, hydrogen increases the flame speed of the natural gas-hydrogen mixture. Power levels can be increased with supercharging or turbocharging and intercooling. Natural gas is used to power CI engines via the dual-fuel mode, where a high-cetane fuel is injected along with the natural gas in order to provide a source of ignition for the charge. Thermal efficiency levels compared with normal diesel-fueled CI-engine operation are generally maintained with dual-fuel operation, and smoke levels are reduced significantly. At the same time, lower NOx and CO2 emissions, as well as higher HC and CO emissions compared with normal CI-engine operation at low and intermediate loads are recorded. These trends are caused by the low charge temperature and increased ignition delay, resulting in low combustion temperatures. Another factor is insufficient penetration and distribution of the pilot fuel in the charge, resulting in a lack of ignition centers. EGR admission at low and intermediate loads increases combustion temperatures, lowering unburned HC and CO emissions. Larger pilot fuel quantities at these load levels and hydrogen gas addition can also help increase combustion efficiency. Power output is lower at certain conditions than diesel-fueled engines, for reasons similar to those affecting power output of SI engines. In both cases the power output can be maintained with direct injection. Overall, natural gas can be used in both engine types; however further refinement and optimization of engines and fuel-injection systems is needed.  相似文献   

15.
Performance assessment of some ice TES systems   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In this paper, a performance assessment of four main types of ice storage techniques for space cooling purposes, namely ice slurry systems, ice-on-coil systems (both internal and external melt), and encapsulated ice systems is conducted. A detailed analysis, coupled with a case study based on the literature data, follows. The ice making techniques are compared on the basis of energy and exergy performance criteria including charging, discharging and storage efficiencies, which make up the ice storage and retrieval process. Losses due to heat leakage and irreversibilities from entropy generation are included. A vapor-compression refrigeration cycle with R134a as the working fluid provides the cooling load, while the analysis is performed in both a full storage and partial storage process, with comparisons between these two. In the case of full storage, the energy efficiencies associated with the charging and discharging processes are well over 98% in all cases, while the exergy efficiencies ranged from 46% to 76% for the charging cycle and 18% to 24% for the discharging cycle. For the partial storage systems, all energy and exergy efficiencies were slightly less than that for full storage, due to the increasing effect wall heat leakage has on the decreased storage volume and load. The results show that energy analyses alone do not provide much useful insight into system behavior, since the vast majority of losses in all processes are a result of entropy generation which results from system irreversibilities.  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of the direct surface-curvature distribution blade-design method, originally proposed by Korakianitis, for the leading-edge design of turbine blades, and by extension for other types of airfoil shapes. The leading edge shape is critical in the blade design process, and it is quite difficult to completely control with inverse, semi-inverse or other direct-design methods. The blade-design method is briefly reviewed, and then the effort is concentrated on smoothly blending the leading edge shape (circle or ellipse, etc.) with the main part of the blade surface, in a manner that avoids leading-edge flow-disturbance and flow-separation regions. Specifically in the leading edge region we return to the second-order (parabolic) construction line coupled with a revised smoothing equation between the leading-edge shape and the main part of the blade. The Hodson–Dominy blade has been used as an example to show the ability of this blade-design method to remove leading-edge separation bubbles in gas turbine blades and other airfoil shapes that have very sharp changes in curvature near the leading edge. An additional gas turbine blade example has been used to illustrate the ability of this method to design leading edge shapes that avoid leading-edge separation bubbles at off-design conditions. This gas turbine blade example has inlet flow angle 0°, outlet flow angle −64.3°, and tangential lift coefficient 1.045, in a region of parameters where the leading edge shape is critical for the overall blade performance. Computed results at incidences of −10°,   −5°,   +5°,   +10° are used to illustrate the complete removal of leading edge flow-disturbance regions, thus minimizing the possibility of leading-edge separation bubbles, while concurrently minimizing the stagnation pressure drop from inlet to outlet. These results using two difficult example cases of leading edge geometries illustrate the superiority and utility of this blade-design method when compared with other direct or inverse blade-design methods.  相似文献   

17.
The thermal decomposition of limestone has been selected as a model reaction for developing and testing an atmospheric open solar reactor. The reactor consists of a cyclone gas/particle separator which has been modified to let the concentrated solar energy enter through a windowless aperture. The reacting particles are directly exposed to the solar irradiation. Experimentation with a 60 kW reactor prototype was conducted at PSI's 90m2 parabolic solar concentrator, in a continuous mode of operation. A counter-current flow heat exchanger was employed to preheat the reactants. Eighty five percent degree of calcination was obtained for cement raw material and 15% of the solar input was converted into chemical energy (enthalpy).The technical feasibility of the solar thermal decomposition of limestone was experimentally demonstrated. The use of solar energy as a source for high-temperature process heat offers the potential of reducing significantly the CO2 emissions from lime producing plants. Such a solar thermochemical process can find application in sunny rural areas for avoiding deforestation.  相似文献   

18.
Hydrogen was produced from primary sewage biosolids via mesophilic anaerobic fermentation in a continuously fed bioreactor. Prior to fermentation the sewage biosolids were heated to 70 °C for 1 h to inactivate methanogens and during fermentation a cellulose degrading enzyme was added to improve substrate availability. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 18, 24, 36 and 48 h were evaluated for the duration of hydrogen production. Without sparging a hydraulic retention time of 24 h resulted in the longest period of hydrogen production (3 days), during which a hydrogen yield of 21.9 L H2 kg−1 VS added to the bioreactor was achieved. Methods of preventing the decline of hydrogen production during continuous fermentation were evaluated. Of the techniques evaluated using nitrogen gas to sparge the bioreactor contents proved to be more effective than flushing just the headspace of the bioreactor. Sparging at 0.06 L L min−1 successfully prevented a decline in hydrogen production and resulted in a yield of 27.0  L H2 kg−1 VS added, over a period of greater than 12 days or 12 HRT. The use of sparging also delayed the build up of acetic acid in the bioreactor, suggesting that it serves to inhibit homoacetogenesis and thus maintain hydrogen production.  相似文献   

19.
The physical aspects of the activation energy, in higher and high temperatures, of the metal creep process were examined. The research results of creep-rupture in a uniaxial stress state and the criterion of creep-rupture in biaxial stress states, at two temperatures, are then presented. For these studies creep-rupture, taking case iron as an example the energy and pseudoenergy activation was determined. For complex stress states the criterion of creep-rupture was taken to be Sdobyrev's, i.e. σred = σ1 β + (1 − β)σi, where: σ1-maximal principal stress, σi-stress intensity, β-material constant (at variable temperature β = β(T)). The methods of assessment of the material ageing grade are given in percentages of ageing of new material in the following mechanical properties: 1) creep strength in uniaxial stress state, 2) activation energy in uniaxial stress state, 3) criterion creep strength in complex stress states, 4) activation pseudoenergy in complex stress states. The methods 1) and 3) are the relatively simplest because they result from experimental investigations only at nominal temperature of the structure work, however, for methods 2) and 4) it is necessary to perform the experimental investigations at least at two temperatures.  相似文献   

20.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc124 and Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria were co-cultured with a series of volume ratios and under a variety of light densities to determine the optimal culture conditions and to investigate the mechanism by which co-cultivation improves H2 yield. The results demonstrated that the optimal culture conditions for the highest H2 production of the combined system were a 1:40 vol ratio of bacterial cultures to algal cultures under 200 μE m?2 s?1. Under these conditions, the maximal H2 yield was 255 μmol mg?1 Chl, which was approximately 15.9-fold of the control. The reasons for the improvement in H2 yield included decreased O2 content, enhanced algal growth, and increased H2ase activity and starch content of the combined system.  相似文献   

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