共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
2.
用热重分析仪(TG)研究了典型高热值危险废弃物——染料残渣的热解过程,分析了在程序升温下的热解失重变化情况;同时用红外光谱仪(FTIR)对热解气态产物进行实时跟踪检测分析,研究了热解产生的CO2、CO、SO2、HCN等各种气体浓度随时间(热重温度)的变化。此种废弃物热解过程中,SO2的排放在较低温度(257℃附近)就出现高峰。热解中还出现了一个短暂的有毒气体氰化氢析出峰,可将该温度段热解气体在有氧环境下燃烧使之分解破坏后排放。可以考虑绝氧干馏燃前脱除污染物的焚烧方法。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
污泥与煤混烧过程中HCl排放和脱除研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对在管式炉中混烧处理的石化污泥与煤,在600℃~900℃温度范围内,进行了废弃物焚烧时HCl的排放特性及添加CaO脱除HCl气体的实验研究。实验研究表明随着污泥占燃料比例的增加,燃料中Cl→HCl转化率增大;随着温度的升高,燃料中Cl→HCl转化率增大。实验研究了Ca/(S+0.5Cl)摩尔比、温度对HCl去除率的影响。结果表明随着Ca/(S+0.5Cl)摩尔比的增大,HCl去除率增大;当温度低于700℃时,随着温度的升高HCl去除率增大,700℃时达到最大,然后随着温度的继续升高HCl去除率呈下降趋势,即存在一最佳脱氯温度。 相似文献
7.
8.
新型直燃集成式生活垃圾焚烧技术是一种与环境发展相协调的生活垃圾处理技术。该技术采用独特的空气预热的设计结构,简化了焚烧炉的结构,提高了烟气热利用的效率。通过实验表明:该焚烧技术具有二次污染小,焚烧稳定,处理效率高的特点。其中二次燃烧室排放的烟气中CO浓度低于80mg/m^3,SO2浓度低于312mg/m^3,HCI浓度低于187mg/m^3,NOx浓度低于107mg/m^3,排放尾气中二恶英类物质毒性含量低于0.2ng—TEQ/m^3;灰渣的重金属毒性浸出含量低于国家危险废物毒性浸出标准。 相似文献
9.
城市垃圾焚烧过程中重金属释放行为的试验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以城市垃圾为研究对象,在流化床试验装置上进行焚烧试验,并采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪在线测量烟气中的重金属浓度,研究不同气氛条件(空气、混合气和氮气)下Cd、Pb及Zn3种重金属的释放特性.试验发现,城市垃圾焚烧过程中,在还原气氛及HCl存在的情况下,Cd及Pb较易挥发释放,而Zn释放程度较低,且基本不受气氛条件的影响.研究结果对揭示城市垃圾流化床焚烧过程中重金属释放行为有一定的意义. 相似文献
10.
11.
危险废物管理及其焚烧处理综述 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从危险废物的管理入手,比较了中美在危险废物管理法律法规上的差距,并对危险废物焚烧系统做了概述,同时介绍了几种常用的危险废物的焚烧炉型和焚烧产生的污染影响的分析。 相似文献
12.
危险废物回转窑焚烧处置工艺具有诸多优点,但是当危险废物焚烧产生的灰渣熔融温度较低时,窑内的高温气氛会将灰渣颗粒熔融成液相,导致回转窑的结渣。灰渣的熔融实验结果证明,灰渣的熔融温度比较低,变形温度仅有1000℃左右。化学组分对灰渣熔融温度的影响研究表明,SiO2、Al2O3、CaO和CaSO4都对灰渣的熔融温度起到了升高的作用。采用计算机控制系统对整个系统进行监测、控制和管理,控制回转窑的温度在略低于灰渣熔融温度的水平运行,或者对危险废物在焚烧前进行合理的预混配伍,都能起到较好的预防回转窑结渣的作用。 相似文献
13.
14.
采用螯合剂稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
介绍了螯合剂的结构特点、合成方式以及稳定重金属的原理,并分析了螯合剂在稳定焚烧飞灰等废渣方面的应用现状和我国目前螯合剂制备方面的技术现状,指出利用螯合剂稳定焚烧飞灰等废渣中重金属所存在的问题、障碍和解决的途径。 相似文献
15.
16.
《能源学会志》2020,93(4):1428-1438
The quantities of pollutants emitted during the incineration of medical waste using a batch fluidized-bed system have not yet been well characterized. In this study, the CO, NO, and SO2 in the gaseous emissions of a pilot scale vortexing fluidized-bed incinerator (VFBI) and the toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) in the fly ash collected from the baghouse were examined. Four kinds of simulated medical wastes with different chlorine contents were used. The effects of the feeding interval, chlorine content, and the addition of calcium carbonate were experimentally evaluated. The results showed that increasing the feeding interval decreased the amount of all pollutants due to the decreased bed temperature and prolonged residence time in the incinerator. The addition of calcium carbonate decreased the emissions of the three gaseous pollutants; however, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs of the fly ash increased while calcium carbonate was added. The concentration of NO and SO2 decreased while CO concentration increased with the increasing of chlorine content in the simulated medical waste. The magnitude of the effects of the operating parameters on the PCDD/F congeners formed followed the order: chlorine content > feeding interval > Ca/Cl ratio. Based on the experimental results, we extrapolate that the threshold value of the chlorine content was about 1% for PCDD/Fs generation. At a lower chlorine content, the PCDDs formation rate is higher than that at a higher chlorine content, especially for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and OCDD. When the chlorine content exceeds the threshold value of 1%, the formation rate of PCDFs exceeds that of PCDDs. 相似文献
17.
This study addresses the emission of heavy metals during the incineration of municipal solid waste. A global method was developed to determine the vaporization rate of the metal from the on-line analysis of exhaust gas. This method differs from direct models, which predict the time course of the metal concentration in the gas from the vaporization rate profile, but which are not practicable because this vaporization rate cannot be measured in real incinerators burning real wastes. The method is based on the determination of the global rate of release of heavy metal from the combustion of model wastes in a fluidized bed. It is an inverse method, which involves only the measured concentration of heavy metal in the exhaust gases and a model developed at the reactor scale. The thermal treatment of model wastes spiked with a metal was performed in a laboratory- scale fluidized bed. In fact, a solid matrix derived from real waste was dosed with Cd, Pb, or Zn and burned to simulate the metal’s release during the incineration of municipal solid waste. An on-line analysis system was linked to the gas outlet of the reactor, and the metal’s vaporization was tracked successfully by continuously measuring by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) the relative concentration of the metal in exhaust gases. On the theoretical front, a bubbling bed model was developed and validated to calculate the metal’s vaporization rate from its concentration-time profile in the outlet gas. The inverse method consists in identifying these vaporization rates at the particle level from only the on-line diagnostic results and using the model, whatever the waste considered. The data obtained may be used in any process, in which wastes are heated rapidly (several hundreds of degrees per second), as in fluidized beds. 相似文献
18.
对7种城市垃圾焚烧飞灰的物理化学性质进行了详细表征。针对飞灰中重金属成分复杂的特点对重金属含量、形态分布和浸出毒性进行了分析,并进行了风险评估指数和风险指数计算。飞灰的化学组分和晶相结构分析显示,城市垃圾焚烧飞灰中含有大量的CaO、CaSO4、SiO2、Al2O3、NaCl和KCl等化合物,具有资源化利用的潜力。但同时飞灰中含有大量的重金属,其中Pb和Cd的生态风险高,浸出毒性高于飞灰直接处理和处置要求。研究结果表明,垃圾焚烧飞灰需进行处理至达到一定要求后才能进行资源化利用。 相似文献