蓄热蒸发型空气源热泵蓄热器特性实验研究

以所研制的相变温度为30℃的圆柱形螺旋盘管相变蓄热装置为研究对象,实验分析其在不同室外温度下的蓄、放热特性和除霜特性。研究结果表明:该相变蓄热装置具有良好的蓄放热能力,可满足蓄热蒸发型空气源热泵在低温工况下的供热需求,可有效解决空气源热泵系统的热量供需矛盾,同时缩短除霜时间达50%,提高热泵系统的供热效果。但蓄热器的蓄热速度慢,在有限时间内的蓄热量少,为实现热泵系统在极低温环境下的高效工作,须采取措施强化该蓄热器的换热。     

不同相变蓄能器对多联机空气源热泵蓄热特性影响

以多联机空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜系统为研究对象,采用实验研究的方法对采用翅片管型和螺旋盘管型相变蓄能器的多联机空气源热泵除霜系统的蓄能过程进行实验分析。研究结果显示:室内机全负荷状态下,相变蓄能器在供热过程中蓄热,螺旋盘管型蓄能器与翅片型蓄能器完成蓄热分别需要6.00和33.00 min。从整个供热周期来看,翅片型蓄能器对供热过程的影响更小,蓄热过程会引起室内平均进出风温差降低4℃、平均供热量降低6 kW,系统结霜时间缩短8 min。     

不同相变蓄能器对多联机空气源热泵蓄能除霜性能影响

以多联机空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜系统为研究对象,采用实验研究的方法分别对采用翅片管型和螺旋盘管型相变蓄能器的多联机空气源热泵系统的除霜性能进行实验研究。研究结果表明,室内机全负荷状态下,相变蓄能器在供热过程中蓄热,螺旋盘管型蓄能器与翅片型蓄能器完成蓄热分别需要6.00和33.00 min。从整个供热周期来看,翅片型蓄能器对供热过程的影响更小,蓄热过程会引起室内平均进出风温差降低4℃、平均供热量降低6 k W,系统结霜时间缩短8 min。     

空气源热泵蓄热除霜研究进展

蓄热除霜因舒适性好,可靠性高,近年来成为研究热点。本文综述了近十年来蓄热除霜的发展历程,包括蓄热器的形式、蓄热材料的种类、蓄热和除霜过程制冷剂的流程及对应的供热、除霜效果等。综述结果表明,无论哪种蓄热除霜形式,都具有良好的除霜效果、室内舒适度和节能性。但是现有的蓄热除霜系统中,蓄热器功能较单一(只用于除霜),除霜时室内舒适性还有进一步提升的空间。为此,本文在现有蓄热除霜技术的基础上,提出了一种带有快速制热功能的蓄热除霜系统,可进一步提高除霜过程的室内温度和舒适性,同时在开机时能更快的使室内温度达到设定值,并从理论和实验角度分析了该系统的优势。     

分区蓄热水箱应用于太阳能热泵中的蓄放热分析

针对冬季太阳能辐射弱且不稳定的特点,提出一种应用于太阳能热泵的分区蓄热水箱,以水泵驱动蓄热水箱循环区与蓄热区的热量传递,并运用热力学原理对水箱循环区与蓄热区的运行状况进行模拟,分析了水箱两区在不同水泵体积流量下的逐时温度变化并与整体式水箱进行对比。结果表明,分区蓄热水箱克服了整体式水箱的热惰性,启动灵活,能在较短时间内达到热泵运行的理想温度,显著提高了系统的性能。     

热泵除霜特性分析

一、前言带热泵功能的空调越来越多 ,而且热泵运行时多采用热气除霜 ,作者至今未查到国内对除霜特性研究的文献 ,国外也多是实验研究。本文力图对除霜过程物理机理方面作些解释 ,根据实验数据指出减少除霜时间的措施及将除霜时用毛细管和用膨胀阀进行了对比。二、特性的实验研究除霜一般分为四个阶段 :除霜启动、融霜、排霜、除霜终止并恢复。系统图如图 1。制热时用毛细管节流 ,除霜时用热力膨胀阀。其中ＳＨＳＣ - 2 4 ,ＳＨＳＣ -2 5 ,ＳＨＳＣ - 2 6 ,ＳＨＳＣ - 17分别表示该点的过热度或过冷度。具体是用该点的温度传感器所测得的温度…     

风冷热泵机组中的热气除霜方法

针对风冷热泵机组在制热工况下容易结霜的特性 ,论述了利用压缩机排出的热气来除霜的方法 ,阐述了热气除霜循环的原理和过程 ,并提出了除霜总负荷及除霜时间的计算方法。其中除霜总负荷包括预热负荷和除霜负荷     

相变蓄热蒸发型空气源热泵性能实验研究

针对北方低温环境下空气源热泵性能低劣的状况,开发设计一种相变蓄热蒸发型空气源热泵系统,相变蓄热器由蓄热材料、双盘管和保温层组成,该热泵系统可在供热-蓄热、供热-放热和除霜-放热模式下运行。通过人工模拟各种不同环境温度对该热泵系统的不同运行模式进行性能测试。测试结果显示:相变蓄热蒸发型空气源热泵系统在3种模式下都具有优良的性能,在超低环境温度-25℃和-30℃下运行时,制热性能系数COP分别为2.00和1.94,制热量仍能满足供热需求,同时压缩机排汽温度显著降低。实验研究结果表明,该相变蓄热蒸发型空气源热泵系统能够解决空气源热泵在供热过程中存在的能量供需矛盾,同时可提高空气源热泵在低温运行下的各种性能。     

可实现“无霜效果”的蓄热型空气源热泵系统实验研究

提出一种"无霜效果"的新思路,利用余热蓄热、余热除霜的技术方案实现除霜期间供热量不衰减,使用户感觉不到传统除霜带来的舒适性问题。根据该思路提出一种新的蓄热型空气源热泵系统,并搭建实验台,在吉林市3月份雨雪天气(高湿环境)下实际测试其供热及除霜效果。实测结果表明,除霜期间新系统吸排气压力、压缩比变化平稳且保持在较理想的水平,除霜干净彻底,室内机出风温度不但未降低还有所升高,可实现"无霜效果"的目标。     

双制冷剂热泵热水器及其基本特性分析

针对单一制冷剂热泵热水器运行工况和除霜等方面的不足,给出了一种双制冷剂热泵热水器,具有不同季节运行参数波动小、可提供低温和中温两种热水、除霜耗能少等特点。     

Defrost improvement by heat pump refrigerant charge compensating

During winters, the air-source heat pump often operates with substantial frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger, and the frost layer has to be melted away periodically to keep a high heat pump coefficient of performance (COP). Otherwise, the unmelted frost layer and water will become high density frost or ice layer in heating mode. However, it is difficult to melt the frost layer in the defrosting cycle, where the effective defrosting time plays an important role in improving the defrosting ability. Generally, the defrosting time can be decreased by the following ways: increasing the refrigerant flow rate effectively, and rapidly establishing the suction pressure, discharge pressure, and the compressor power. A new heat pump defrost system with a refrigerant charge compensator, instead of the accumulator which is a key component for the frosting cycle performance, is developed in this paper. Furthermore, test results showed that the improved frost system with the compensator worked as expected, and its suction and discharge pressures and the power of the compressor during the defrosting were much larger than before.     

Comparison between hot-gas bypass defrosting and reverse-cycle defrosting methods on an air-to-water heat pump

Frost build-up blocks the gap between fins and decreases the airflow rate, and the heating capacity and COP of air-source heat pump become lower. The reverse-cycle defrosting (RCD) and hot-gas bypass defrosting HGBD are the two common methods of frost removal. The comparison between the RCD and HGBD methods on one heat pump were not found by authors up to now. This paper compared the dynamic characteristics during the RCD and HGBD periods on one medium air-to-water heat pump of 55 kW. The feasibility of the HGBD method without heat provided to evaporate the liquid refrigerant after melting frost, which was supposed in the danger of the compressor liquid slugging, was especially discussed. The results showed the liquid refrigerant leaving the air cooled coils for the HGBD method was trapped in the suction accumulator and flashed into the saturated gas by the compressor pumping action, and no compressor liquid slugging happened in our tests. The HGBD time was much longer than the RCD time. The amenity for the HGBD method was better than that for the RCD method, due to lower refrigerant noise, smaller indoor temperature fluctuation, and no cold blowing. The suction superheat and discharge superheat for the HGBD method were lower than those for the RCD method. The HGBD could overcome the main disadvantages of the RCD method and deserved the further investigation.     

我国空气源热泵的技术进展

介绍了近年来我国空气源热泵方面的研究现状，并就结霜、化霜、系统节能、新工质替代、计算机模拟等方面进行了综述，分析了空气源热泵仍存在的一些问题并提出了相应的改进方向。     

Mass and energy storage analysis of an absorption heat pump with simulated time dependent generator heat input

This communication presents an assessment of the feasibility of energy storage via refrigerant mass storage within an absorption cycle heat pump with simulated time dependent generator heat input. The system consists of storage volumes with the condenser and absorber of the conventional absorption cycle heat pump to store liquid refrigerant, weak and strong solutions during the generation period, which are required for the heat pump operation during the generation off period. A time dependent mass and energy storage analysis based on mass and energy balance equations for various components of the heat pump system has been carried out to evaluate energy storage concentration and storage efficiency for combined and separate storage schemes for the weak and strong solutions. Two possible performance modes, viz constant pumping ratio or the constant flow of the strong solution from the absorber to the generator have been analysed: the latter is preferable over the former from a practical point of view. Numerical computer simulation has been made for a typical winter day in Melbourne (Australia) with the desired heating load specified. It is found that the concept of refrigerant storage within the absorption cycle heat pump is technically feasible for efficient space heating. The energy storage concentration in the condenser store is slighly higher while that in absorber store is slightly lower for the separate storage mode as compared to the combined storage. However, the combined storage has an advantage of less storage volume and hence is more cost effective than separate storage and the disadvantage of limited system operation due to the decrease of solution concentrations.     

基于R125工质热泵循环的理论分析

通过对热泵循环流程的分析,构建了带有回热器热泵的数理模型.理论分析了以R125为工质的热泵系统,并对R125及几种热泵工质在标准工况和变工况下的循环性能进行了系统的理论计算及分析.结果表明,在标准工况下,R125制热系数优于R22,是极有潜力的热泵替代工质.     

Experimental study of an air-source heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling – Part 1: Basic concepts and performance verification

This article presents the concepts of an air-source heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling (HPS) designed for hotels and smaller residential, commercial and office buildings in which simultaneous needs in heating and cooling are frequent. The main advantage of the HPS is to carry out simultaneously space heating and space cooling with the same energy input. Ambient air is used as a balancing source to run a heating or a cooling mode. The second advantage is that, during winter, energy recovered by the subcooling of the refrigerant is stored at first in a water tank and used subsequently as a cold source at the water evaporator to improve the average performance and to carry out defrosting of the air evaporator using a two-phase thermosiphon. Unlike conventional air-source heat pumps, defrosting is carried out without stopping the heat production. A R407C HPS prototype was built and tested. Its performance on defined operating conditions corresponds to the data given by the selection software of the compressor manufacturer. The operation of the high pressure control system, the transitions between heating, cooling and simultaneous modes and the defrosting sequence were validated experimentally and are presented in the second part of this article [1].     

A storage heat pump using an ‘ozone-friendly’ refrigerant

The paper describes the integration of a chemical and a vapour-compression heat pump for energy storage applications. The vapour-compression system is designed to operate using the UK cheap rate ‘Economy 7’ electricity tariff. The system is characterized thermodynamically using various refrigerant/absorbent pairs in the chemical storage circuit and an ozone-friendly refrigerant, R134a, in the vapour-compression circuit. Results indicate that the H₂O/Na₂S pair provides a high energy storage density and is the most suitable for use in this system. The paper also describes the design features of a domestic-sized version of this heat pump system. Air in the sunspace (conservatory) of a house was used as a heat source for the heat pump.     

Dynamic characteristics of an air-to-water heat pump under frosting/defrosting conditions

The dynamic characteristics of a medium air-to-water heat pump with multi-circuit evaporator controlled by the thermostatic expansion valve (TEV) under the frosting/defrosting conditions were investigated experimentally. The airflow maldistribution often occurs if the fin-and-tube heat exchangers in a medium heat pump are arranged in V-type or W-type position with the fan at the top. The experimental results show that the airflow maldistribution will result in the intermittent or unceasing hunting during the frosting period, which is not published in public yet. The airflow uniformity causes every circuit to see the different airflow rates. The liquid refrigerant was not evaporated completely in some circuits with the less airflow rate and a little liquid refrigerant flowed out at the outlet, which resulted in less superheat than the necessary MSS (minimum-stable-signal) of the TEV at the outlet of the evaporator. The TEV had the intermittent hunting during the first two-thirds of the frosting period. Afterwards, the combination of the airflow maldistribution and the airflow drop caused by the frost blocking resulted in more liquid refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator. Hence, the TEV had the unceasing hunting during the last one-third of the frosting period. Finally, the operating parameters for both the low-pressure and the high-pressure sides have the intermittent or unceasing hunting during the frosting period, which synchronized with that of the TEV.     

可实现快速制热和除霜的蓄能型空气源热泵系统的实验研究

提出一种可快速制热和除霜的蓄能型空气源热泵系统,并在室外温度约-0.7℃,相对湿度约95%的雨雪天气条件下进行实验测试,结果表明,结霜过程中蓄热器可有效阻止室内机出风温度的下降,除霜过程中新系统的压缩机出力大,效率高。除霜用时比常规除霜缩短68%,除霜能耗比常规除霜减少51.4%,除霜末期室内机出风温度为28℃,比常规系统高22℃,几乎没有吹冷风感;新系统开机快速制热效果十分显著,其6 min的制热量相当于常规开机制热10 min的制热量,新系统显著提高了空气源热泵的供热效果。