超超临界机组加热器端差对煤耗率的影响

准确而快速地评价加热器端差引起的机组热经济性变化,对热力系统的设计、运行和检修具有十分重要的意义.以热力系统热平衡方程、锅炉输入燃料(火用)方程、锅炉吸热量方程、汽轮机输入热(火用)量(火用)方程和汽轮机功率方程为基础,根据小扰动理论和微分理论,得各抽汽量、锅炉输入燃料炯、锅炉吸热量、汽轮机输入热量(火用)和汽轮机功率对端差的变化率.在锅炉(火用)效率、机组炯效率和发电煤耗率概念的基础上,由微分理论推导端差对(火用)经济性指标的影响.以N 1000 - 25/600/600机组为例,计算加热器端差对机组(火用)经济性指标的影响.     

二次再热MC机组再热压力与回热系统优化

基于常规二次再热超超临界机组热力系统(常规系统),提出了带有MC的八级和十级MC回热系统。文中以某超超临界1 000 MW二次再热机组的设计参数为依据,使用Ebsilon软件建立热力系统模型,并采用枚举法和遗传算法分别对再热压力和加热器焓升分配进行优化。结果表明:采用MC后,最佳再热压力分别为12 MPa、3.2 MPa和12.5 MPa、3.5 MPa,低于常规系统。优化后十级MC系统循环效率最高,为49.201%;高压缸中压缸损提高,在MC机组参数的选取时应综合考虑收益和损失。     

基于单元炯分析模型回热系统节能诊断

电厂运行的经济性已经日显重要。回热系统作为电厂热力系统中的主要系统之一,它对全厂的经济运行产生着很大影响,因此,回热系统经济性分析是电厂节能工作中的重要部分。以某热电厂机组的回热系统为研究对象,给出了系统的单元划分方法和通用的单元炯分析控制体模型,导出了通用的性能评价指标计算式,以实际计算说明了基于单元炯分析模型的节能潜力诊断方法。该方法可以找出系统能量损失的关键部位,为电厂热力系统节能分析提供一条依据。     

超超临界机组增设外置式蒸汽冷却器变工况分析

基于常规超超临界机组热力系统,提出了对再热后的第一级抽汽设置外置式蒸汽冷却器的设计方案,并对系统进行了热力学分析,计算了系统的热经济性指标。在此基础上,对常规超超临界机组热力系统和增设外置式蒸汽冷却器的系统在不同负荷下进行热力学分析,计算得到系统的热经济性指标。研究结果表明:采用外置式蒸汽冷却器的机组,在设计工况下热经济性比常规热力系统机组的热经济性有所提高;而且在低负荷工况下运行时,外置式蒸汽冷却器机组相比于常规系统的节能效果更加明显,因此更适合于变工况条件下运行。     

额定功率下抽汽压损对机组热经济性的影响

基于热力系统矩阵热平衡方程,建立了机组在额定功率运行时抽汽压损变化对其热经济性影响的数学模型.数学模型与热耗变换系数有关,在该模型中考虑了辅助汽水系统的影响,并对热力系统中加热器的不同型式和连接方式进行了讨论.运用该模型计算了某600 MW机组在额定功率下,各级抽汽压损增大5%时对机组热经济性的影响,其结果与热平衡法计算的结果一致.通过数值拟合,给出了该机组抽汽压损变化对热经济性影响的特性曲线,它表明抽汽压损越大,机组的热经济性越低.     

核电机组常规岛热力系统分析

以某核电机组常规岛为研究对象,运用分析法对热力系统中的热力设备或热力过程的损失和效率的分布进行了计算.基于汽轮机做功过程和加热器换热过程指明了影响汽轮机和加热器的损失和效率的热力参数,对所得经济指标的分布规律进行了阐释.结果表明:在常规岛热力系统中,汽轮发电机组的损失最大,低压缸具有一定的节能潜力;汽轮机末级长叶片设计对核电机组热经济性的影响较大;核电机组的节能潜力可通过冷端系统优化进行挖掘.     

基于热经济学矩阵模式的发电厂热力系统经济性分析

对热经济学分析方法进行了简要介绍,运用热经济学矩阵模式对某320MW机组进行了热经济性分析,得出机组在设计工况下的单位炯成本和热经济学成本,并对该机组热力系统性能进行评价,指出机组在运行中需要重视的热力设备。     

基于改进等效热降法的汽轮机热力系统热经济性诊断方法研究

为了挖掘汽轮机热力系统的节能潜力,必须研究提高汽轮机热力系统热经济性诊断精度的技术措施.针对常规理想循环热效率定义方法存在的问题,提出了一种适用于中间再热机组的理想循环热效率定义方法.同时,通过引入吸热系数的概念,建立了一种新的汽轮机各经济指标之间的关系式,以便于分析热力系统某因素变化对理想循环热效率及吸热系数影响的计算.然后,基于改进的理想循环热效率,对常规的等效热降法进行了改进,提出了理想等效热降法的概念及其计算方法.最后,基于改进的等效热降法,对某300MW汽轮机热力系统进行了经济性诊断,证明了本改进方法的有效性.     

抽汽压损对机组热经济性影响的通用计算模型

经过严格的数学推导，证明了抽汽压损对热经济性的影响等同于抽汽压损引起的加热器出口水焓和疏水焓变化对热经济性影响的线性叠加。根据热力系统热经济性分析的基本方程，针对不同型式的加热器，计算了疏水焓对汽轮机作功量和锅炉吸热量的影响。得出了分析疏水焓变化对热经济性影响的通用计算模型。结合已建立的加热器出口水焓对热经济性影响的通用计算模型，推导了抽汽压损对机组热经济性影响的通用计算模型。该模型具有通用性强，适于程序化的特点。算例验证了该方法的正确性。     

电站加热器抽汽压损对机组煤耗率的影响

电站加热器的运行状态对机组的煤耗率有着重要影响,这体现在加热器上端差、下端差和抽气压损等方面.以某厂300MW火电机组凝汽式汽轮机热力系统为例,结合抽汽压损与机组煤耗率之间的计算模型,得出加热器抽汽压损与煤耗率之间的具体关系,并绘制成曲线.分析影响机组热经济性的抽汽压损强度系数,得出抽汽压损强度系数、煤耗率和负荷之间的关系.给出机组运行中需重点监测的对象,为机组的最优运行、改造工作奠定理论基础.     

两级TFE_TUR复合地热发电系统热力学分析及能量利用率优势

本文在单级复合系统基础上,进一步提出两级TFE—TUR复合地热发电系统,并对其进行了热力学分析,给出了一、二级最佳中间匹配温度计算式。同时,还将该系统与单级复合系统、全流系统及常规闪蒸系统作了比较,表明该系统可望成为(火用)效率最高的地热发电系统。     

纯低温余热发电系统的热力学分析

介绍了能量平衡分析法和(火用)分析法,并将余热发电系统分为AQC锅炉、SP锅炉和汽轮机发电系统3个单元,分别建立了热平衡分析和(火用)平衡分析模型,推导了一套余热发电系统热力学分析的计算方法.根据某水泥厂2 500 t/d的新型干法水泥生产线配套建设的5MW纯低温单压余热发电系统的现场运数据,计算了余热回收热效率和(火...     

A modern injected steam gas turbine cogeneration system based on exergy concept

Factors such as low capital cost, good match of power and heat requirements and proven reliability can sometimes lead an end user into purchasing gas turbines for use in a modern cogeneration plant. The steam‐injected gas turbine is an attractive electrical generating technology for mitigating the impacts of rising energy prices. According to such mentioned above this paper is to provide results of an optimization study on cogeneration power cycle, which works by gas turbine with recuperator and injection steam added to the combustor of the gas turbine. The performance characteristics of the cycle based on energy and exergy concepts and based upon practical performance constraints were investigated. The effect of the recuperator on the cycle was greatly clarified. Results also show that the output power of a gas turbine increases when steam is injected. When extra steam has to be generated in order to be able to inject steam and at the same time to provide for a given heat demand, power generating efficiency increases but cogeneration efficiency decreases with the increasing of injected steam. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BEST系统与常规系统的对比研究

为研究BEST系统和常规热力系统的区别,基于某超超临界1 000 MW二次再热机组的设计计算,使用EBSILON软件建立完整热力系统模型,然后从焓升分配,回热级数选择,再热压力优化,小汽轮机效率的影响等几个方面对比两种系统的异同点,并从热力学角度对其加以解释和说明。结果显示BEST系统的焓升分配更为均匀,回热级数选择需要考虑给水泵功率需求,最佳再热压力相对于常规系统压力更高,对小汽轮机效率的敏感性只有常规系统的一半。     

Thermodynamic,exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses and optimization of a solid oxide fuel cell-based trigeneration system

This study proposes a trigeneration system based on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for generating power, cooling and heating simultaneously. The system mainly contains a SOFC, a gas turbine (GT), an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), a steam ejector refrigerator (SER) and a heat exchanger. The thermodynamic, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental models of proposed trigeneration system are developed, and the effects of design parameters on system performances are analyzed. The results indicate that the system average product cost and environmental impact per unit of exergy increase with SOFC inlet temperature and working pressure, the pinch point temperature difference and evaporating pressure of Generator, while decrease with the current density of fuel cell. Finally, optimization is performed to achieve the optimal exergy-based performance. It is revealed that though the system exergy efficiency is decreased by 7.64% after optimization, the system average product cost and environmental impact per unit of exergy are significantly reduced.     

联产制冷的能效性能探讨

利用汽轮机抽汽作为吸收式制冷驱动热源的联产制冷，将供电、制冷有机结合在一起，不仅满足制冷要求也改善联产机组效率。通过引入抽汽yong增益概念，揭示了汽轮机抽汽特性规律，在此基础上从联产制冷目的yong效率角度比较了几种制冷方式，分析了汽轮机抽汽参数和相对内效率等因素对联产制冷能效性能影响规律，抽汽的yong增益比是联产制冷yong效率影响起决定作用的因素，所得结论对联产制冷吸收机的合理选用匹配提供有益的指导。     

二次再热超临界机组热力系统的全方位线性分析法

建立了计算锅炉吸热量、汽轮机作功、凝汽器放热量的线性模型，并通过分析抽汽和各种附加汽水成分对热力系统质量及热量平衡的作用和影响，得出二次再热超临界机组质热平衡关系的快速建模方法及各种附加成分的线性分析方法，用线性方法实现了对二次再热超临界机组锅炉吸热量、汽轮机功率及凝汽器放热量的全面分析与计算。     

Comparative exergoeconomic analyses of the integration of biomass gasification and a gas turbine power plant with and without fogging inlet cooling

Inlet cooling is effective for mitigating the decrease in gas turbine performance during hot and humid summer periods when electrical power demands peak, and steam injection, using steam raised from the turbine exhaust gases in a heat recovery steam generator, is an effective technique for utilizing the hot turbine exhaust gases. Biomass gasification can be integrated with a gas turbine cycle to provide efficient, clean power generation. In the present paper, a gas turbine cycle with fog cooling and steam injection, and integrated with biomass gasification, is proposed and analyzed with energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analyses. The thermodynamic analyses show that increasing the compressor pressure ratio and the gas turbine inlet temperature raises the energy and exergy efficiencies. On the component level, the gas turbine is determined to have the highest exergy efficiency and the combustor the lowest. The exergoeconomic analysis reveals that the proposed cycle has a lower total unit product cost than a similar plant fired by natural gas. However, the relative cost difference and exergoeconomic factor is higher for the proposed cycle than the natural gas fired plant, indicating that the proposed cycle is more costly for producing electricity despite its lower product cost and environmental impact.     

Thermodynamic analysis and assessment of an integrated hydrogen fuel cell system for ships

In this thermodynamic investigation, an integrated energy system based on hydrogen fuel is developed and studied energetically and exergetically. The liquefied hydrogen fueled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based system is then integrated with a steam producing cycle to supply electricity and potable water to ships. The first heat recovery system, after the fuel cells provide thrust for the ship, is by means of a turbine while the second heat recovery system drives the ship's refrigeration cycle. This study includes energy and exergy performance evaluations of SOFC, refrigeration cycle and ship thrust engine systems. Furthermore, the effectiveness of SOFCs and a hydrogen fueled engine in reducing greenhouse gas emissions are assessed parametrically through a case study. The main propulsion, power generation from the solid oxide fuel cells, absorption chiller, and steam bottoming cycle systems together have the overall energy and exergy efficiencies of 41.53% and 37.13%, respectively.     

A thermodynamic analysis of a biogas-fired integrated gasification steam injected gas turbine (BIG/STIG) plant

A thermodynamic analysis considering both the first and the second laws of thermodynamics has been made on a 53 MW (net) biogas-fired integrated gasification steam injected gas turbine (BIG/STIG) plant. The energy utilization diagrams (EUDs) for the plant and for the reaction subsystems have also been considered, revealing both problems and potentials for improvement. The analysis indicates a thermal efficiency of about 41% (power based) and 45% (power and recovered heat based) but that the exergy loss in the combustion chamber is largest at about 79% of the total system exergy loss.