燃气轮机多级轴流压气机快捷一体化气动设计与性能优化研究

基于子午流面正反问题流线曲率法、改进Powell算法和叶型参数化方法,构建轴流压气机快捷气动设计、性能分析与优化平台,对某燃气轮机9级轴流高压压气机开展一体化气动设计和多目标优化。结果表明:该平台可自动有效实现多级轴流压气机快速设计、多工况性能分析和优化流程;优化改善了压气机各叶排流动和负荷匹配,实现了多工况扩稳增效;优化后设计点流量、总压比、绝热效率及设计转速下喘振裕度分别为25.97 kg/s, 5.038,88.25%和33.33%;相比优化前,设计转速下裕度提升了5.39%,80%相对转速下裕度和目标工况点效率分别提升了7.56%和2.71%。     

单级离心压气机气动性能预测与优化设计

为了提升低转速工况下压气机的气动性能,采用人工神经网络与遗传算法相结合的优化方法对某单级离心压气机离心叶轮的弯特性进行优化计算。利用NUMECA软件对该离心压气机进行了不同转速的数值模拟,得到压气机不同工况下的气动性能。通过设置不同控制参数和曲线形式对离心叶轮叶片进行参数化拟合,以8个改变叶片弯特性的参数为自由参数进行了叶型优化设计,最终得到了优化后的叶轮叶片。结果表明:优化后在低转速的设计工况下离心压气机压比增加了4.69%,稳定裕度拓宽了17.41%。     

Analysis of the stresses and displacements for a composites interference fit multi-rim flywheel

储能飞轮由轮毂和多环复合材料轮缘组成,飞轮旋转时轮毂和轮缘既受到离心力作用,同时又受到内外界面压力的作用,且不同转速下界面压力不断变化,使得分析计算由静止到最大工作转速的不同工况,以及飞轮上不同径向位置的应力非常复杂。本工作在平面应力下分别推导了各向异性材料轮缘在离心力作用下和受内外压力作用下的应力和位移解析式,进而采用叠加原理可计算飞轮在不同转速工况、径向不同位置的应力和位移,简化了应力和位移求解过程,可用于飞轮环间过盈量的确定、强度校核和极限转速计算等设计与分析。应用这种方法对一个实际飞轮进行了分析,并绘制了应力和位移曲线。     

轮毂泄漏流对跨声速压气机转子性能影响的数值研究

为揭示转子前缘轮毂间隙泄漏流对高负荷压气机气动性能影响的物理机制，采用轮毂间隙边界条件模化处理方法，开展了轮毂泄漏流对跨声速压气机转子性能影响的三维定常数值模拟，分析了不同轮毂泄漏流量下压气机轮毂壁面流场结构与流态变化特征。研究结果表明：轮毂泄漏流会恶化压气机流通能力，影响程度随着泄漏量增加而逐渐增大。在近峰值效率工况下，当泄漏流量达到0.50%时，压气机流量约减小0.74%。当轮毂泄漏流达到一定强度后，反而呈现出部分正面效果，使得压气机压比或效率得到一定程度改善。轮毂泄漏流通过影响轮毂壁面流场结构空间分布来对压气机气动性能施加影响，尤其是鞍点的位置决定着轮毂间隙下游回流区和顺流区的影响范围以及轮毂壁面横向潜流强度。     

基于流场偏差分析的离心压气机优化设计

为了提高车用内燃机变转速、变负荷面工况性能,提出了离心压气机优化设计方法,即通过考虑压气机设计工况与非设计工况流场的关联效应,抑制不同工况流场之间的差异,优化离心压气机结构.利用该方法对某柴油机离心压气机进行了优化设计,其设计工况与非设计工况之间的流场偏差集中在大叶片进口叶尖部分,据此提出了压气机前缘前掠的流场控制措施.仿真分析表明:改型离心压气机流场偏差得到了明显抑制,其设计工况性能变化较小,非设计工况压比提高了4.46%,,效率提高了1.56%,.     

不同转速下某跨音速轴流压气机的性能分析

为了研究某跨音速压气机的流动机理与稳定工作的范围,采用三维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程组和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型进行了定常数值模拟。分别计算了90%、100%和110%设计转速下的全工况,同时着重分析了100%设计转速下的近堵塞点与近失速点和其他转速下的最高效率点。结果表明:设计工况点的等熵效率85.35%、压比1.387、流量4.861 kg/s,与设计指标相比,等熵效率和流量偏差2%以内以及压比偏差5%左右均在允许范围内,说明该计算方法验证压气机的内部流动特性是可靠的;叶片吸力面的低能流体在叶片尾缘汇合形成尾迹、激波造成叶片边界层分离和激波与叶顶间隙的泄露流相互作用形成的二次流是引发流动失稳的主要因素;随着转速的提高,进口马赫数增加,压气机在90%、100%和110%设计转速下最高效率点的等熵效率分别为88.57%、86.76%和82.66%。     

轴流压气机盘轮毂优化设计与分析

为解决清洗水在轴流压气机盘轮毂凹腔内无法排出的问题，对轴流压气机盘轮毂进行优化设计，并 对优化后的轴流压气 的排水功能、零件 、振 寿命 。结果表明，优化后的轴流压气 ： 排水效果明显，零件变形 储备系数变化 ，振型及振动频率变化 ，且疲劳寿命变化 。 优化后的轴流压气 型 的使用要求，优化方案可行。     

船用燃气轮机低压压气机改型设计研究

为了保证船用8级低压压气机在低工况稳定性不降低的前提下,同时提高设计点效率,通过数值模拟的方法研究展弦比优化对压气机设计点效率的影响。分析结果表明：展弦比的选取会影响主流区的流动损失和端壁二次流损失,进而影响压气机性能。优化了多级压气机后面级展弦比,将设计点效率提高了0.42%。同时,通过优化可转导叶偏转角度,确保了60%转速的喘振裕度不降低。     

船用燃气轮机压气机多级可调静叶优化匹配方法研究

作为防止燃气轮机喘振的有效手段之一,可调静叶技术的应用能够提升压气机在非设计工况下的效率和运行范围,从而提高燃气轮机变工况下的经济性和稳定性。以某型船用三轴燃气轮机为研究对象,建立压气机一维性能分析模型与燃气轮机零维仿真模型耦合的变维度燃气轮机仿真模型,以经济性和稳定性为优化目标,通过多目标遗传算法对低压压气机多级可调静叶进行优化匹配。结果表明:优化后的可调静叶方案能提高压气机的喘振裕度并降低耗油率;静叶处于不同优化角度方案时,不同工况下压比-流量共同工作线上压比最高提升2.17%,效率-流量共同工作线上效率最高提升4.34%,折合转速提高3%～4%。     

某燃气轮机低压压气机加级设计方法研究

以某燃气轮机低压8级压气机为母型,开展加零级改进设计。通过对母型机进行分析,合理地选取匹配点,对压气机零级进行了一维、二维气动设计,最后对零级压气机叶片进行三维造型。数值结果表明:新设计压气机在设计转速7 450 r/min下,流量为123 kg/s,总压比为6.125,等熵效率为88.3%,喘振裕度为32.8%,达到了设计指标;新设计零级与母型机流场匹配较好;通过对压气机变工况性能进行分析,各主要运行工况喘振裕度满足10%设计要求。     

发动机失火检测中的转速齿盘制造误差影响及修正算法研究

基于曲轴转速波动进行发动机失火诊断时需要考虑曲轴转速传感器的58X信号齿盘制造误差的影响.本研究在奇瑞477F发动机上采用自行开发的失火检测系统,研究了58X齿盘的齿形加工误差对失火诊断的影响,改进了失火诊断算法中的齿盘误差修正算法.     

Parametric studies on a desiccant assisted air-conditioner

The desiccant assisted air-conditioners yield lower humidities in the conditioned space compared to the conventional systems. In this paper, the effects of design variables of the air-conditioner, namely supply airflow rate, compressor pumping capacity (compressor speed) and desiccant wheel speed on its performance are studied. It is found that an optimum wheel speed of about 17.5 rph exists at which both moisture removal capacity and COP are maximum.     

Evaluation and optimization of solar desiccant wheel performance

This paper presents the evaluation and optimization of a solar desiccant wheel performance. A numerical model is developed to study and discuss the effect of the design parameters such as wheel thickness, wheel speed, regeneration to adsorption area ratio, wheel porosity, and the operating parameters such as air flow rate, inlet humidity ratio of the air and regeneration air temperature on the wheel performance. It is also used to draw the performance curves of the desiccant wheel to quantify the optimum design parameters for certain operating conditions.Also, an open test loop for the desiccant wheel is constructed with appropriate control devices and measuring instruments. A perforated plate solar air heater of 2 m² area, together with an electric heater, is used as a source of energy to regenerate the desiccant material. The experimental tests are used to validate the numerical model and to evaluate the performance of the solar system and the desiccant wheel under actual conditions of Cairo climate (30° latitude).Comparison between numerical and experimental results shows good agreement between them, especially at low flow rates of air. Numerical results show that there is a maximum value of each design parameter at each operating condition, and above that no remarkable changes in the wheel performance are noticed. The results also show that there is an effective range of the air flow rate, due to which wheel performance becomes inefficient. This range is found to be between 1 and 5 kg/min. The performance curves of the wheel, which help to determine the humidity reduction ratio, are drawn for wheel speeds between 15 and 120 rev/h, dimensionless wheel thickness between 0.15 and 0.5, air flow rate equal to 1.9 and 4.9 kg/min, and regeneration temperature equal to 60 and 90 °C. These curves show that there is an optimum value of the wheel speed for each wheel thickness to obtain the best wheel performance for certain operating conditions.Experimental results show that the perforated plate solar air heater of 2 m² area can share about 72.8% of the total regeneration energy required at 1.9 kg/min air flow rate and 60 °C the regeneration air temperature. This value decreases to about 13.7% at a flow rate equal to 9.4 kg/min and regeneration temperature equal to 90 °C. The perforated plate solar air heater area required to completely fulfill the regeneration energy during the daytime is also calculated.     

Optimization of desiccant wheel speed and area ratio of regeneration to dehumidification as a function of regeneration temperature

Numerical simulation has been conducted for the desiccant wheel, which is the crucial component of a desiccant cooling system. The mathematical model has been validated by comparing with previous experimental data and numerical results. The calculation results are in reasonable agreement with both, experimental and numerical results. As the key operating/design parameters, the wheel speed and the area ratio of regeneration to dehumidification have been examined for a range of regeneration temperatures from 60 °C to 150 °C. Optimization of these parameters is conducted based on the wheel performance evaluated by means of its moisture removal capacity (MRC) which is more appropriate than effectiveness as a performance index of unbalanced flows. Also the effects of the outdoor air temperature and humidity on the optimum design parameters are examined.     

Parametric analysis of desiccant wheel for air conditioning application

A one‐dimensional mathematical model is developed to evaluate the operating and design parameters of the desiccant wheel for air conditioning application. In this paper, dehumidification coefficient of performance (DCOP) and sensible energy ratio (SER) are adopted as a combined performance index to reflect the dehumidification and thermal performance of the desiccant wheel. The analysis of the results reveals that for lower SER, suitable wheel length, wall thickness, channel pitch, and channel height should be 100 mm, 0.2 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm, respectively. These design parameters have been analyzed under different operating conditions and it was found that for higher DCOP, rotational speed, regeneration temperature, process and regeneration velocity should be 20 rph, 60°C, and 2 m/s.     

驱动热泵的垂直轴风力机风轮气动特性数值分析

根据风能热泵系统的工作环境及匹配特性,针对给定供热面积的系统各参数选取方法以及垂直轴风力机风轮设计进行了探讨,在此基础上初步完成了额定功率为300 W的风轮设计,并利用二维数值模拟方法对不同叶尖速比下的性能曲线进行计算,分析得到了额定风速9.00 m/s时,驱动压缩机的最佳风轮转速为350~375r/min。结果表明,300 W垂直轴风力机的输出特性可满足风能热泵机组的工作要求,该数值分析结果可为风能供热技术的应用示范提供理论支撑。     

基于ADAMS的某悬架系统优化设计

根据给定的技术参数,应用ADAMS/Car建立了某微型车的麦弗逊前悬架虚拟样机模型,对悬架系统进行K-C仿真试验,分析了车轮跳动对前轮定位参数的影响.根据仿真试验结果,利用ADAMS/Insight模块对该悬架的部分硬点位置及悬架特性参数进行了优化.优化结果表明,所做的优化设计正确有效,改善了悬架系统的运动学特性.     

船舶燃气轮机进气系统惯性级滤清器叶片优化设计

惯性级滤清器性能是影响船舶燃气轮机进气系统出口流场品质的重要因素,也在一定程度上决定了船舶的动力水平。本文采用气-液两相流数值模拟方法,以低总压损失和高过滤效率为共同目标,结合试验设计方法,分别构建了总压损失、过滤效率与叶片几何参数间的响应面方程,并采用多目标遗传优化算法对惯性级滤清器叶片参数进行优化设计。结果表明：优化后的惯性级滤清器在所研究速度条件下均以更小的总压损失实现了更高的过滤效率。2 m/s的速度方案下,优化后的总压损失减少了16.98%,过滤效率提升37.61%;7 m/s的速度方案下,优化后的总压损失减少16.7%,而过滤效率提升20.83% ;流速高时应选用叶片间距更小、坡度更低、叶片越长的滤清器;而低流速应该改用间距更大、长度更短、坡度更高的惯性级滤清器叶片。优化后的滤清器叶片结构既减小了叶片背风区的分离,使总压损失减小,也增加了液体颗粒与叶片的接触而提升了过滤效率,从而提高了滤清器的整体性能。     

Analysis of stress characteristics of energy storage flywheel with different materials

为了解储能飞轮的应力特性,进而对其结构进行设计及优化,基于Workbench考虑多因素对其进行有限元对比分析研究。对给定速度的7075铝合金飞轮应力分布、不同转速下7075铝合金飞轮应力特性和不同材料的飞轮应力变化规律分别进行有限元分析研究。结果表明：7075铝合金材料飞轮在15000 r/min转速下最大径向应力出现在内壁,向外逐渐减小,最大值为243.42 MPa,最大环向应力出现在飞轮轮缘与轮盘交汇处,最大值为122.61 MPa。随着转速增大,应力值也增大,最大应力值位置未发生变化,相同转速下,7075铝合金作为飞轮材料优于其他3种合金材料。研究结果可为储能飞轮的结构设计及优化提供参考。     

基于低速预处理的风力机翼型外形优化设计

针对经典的S809翼型,耦合基于低速预处理的流场求解方法和序列二次规划方法,开展针对翼型升阻比的翼型气动外形优化设计研究。优化结果显示优化翼型具有较大的翼型前缘半径和较平坦的上表面。数值计算结果表明,优化翼型在设计点1的状态下升阻比提高43.3%,在设计点2的状态下升阻比提高48.9%。进一步数值验证表明,优化翼型在雷诺数为5.0×10⁵状态下的最大升力系数从S809翼型的1.140增大到1.297,在雷诺数为1.0×10⁶状态下的最大升力系数从1.236增大到1.418。在优化翼型的基础上,开展翼型气动外形人工修型研究,数值模拟表明修型翼型能更好地消除气流分离,从而进一步增大翼型升力系数、减小翼型阻力系数。