改进的高温微好氧消化工艺处理市政污泥研究

对单级自热式高温微好氧消化工艺进行改进,采用先短期(4 d)中温厌氧消化再高温微好氧消化的工艺处理市政污泥,分析了对污泥的稳定化效果。至第14天该工艺对挥发性有机物(VSS)的去除率为40%,达到美国环保局503条款和我国《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中稳定化的要求,且与高温微好氧消化达到污泥稳定的时间相同。其ORP与高温微好氧消化工艺的类似,初期呈现厌氧水解状态,处于-50 mV以下,随后逐渐上升至100 mV左右。中温厌氧/高温微好氧消化系统中产生挥发性有机酸(VFA),污泥上清液中的VFA在第11天达到最高为269 mg/L。此外,污泥上清液中的总有机碳(TOC)在第8天达到最高为5 040 mg/L。污泥消化至第30天TOC仍高达1 980 mg/L,表明污泥中存在一些难以去除的可溶性有机物。     

秸秆燃料乙醇生产废水处理设计与运行

秸秆燃料乙醇生产废水中含有大量纤维素、半纤维和木质素等难降解的有机物质,具有温度高以及氨氮、有机物和悬浮物浓度高等特点。采用一级高温厌氧IC+二级中温厌氧UASB+好氧CASS+混凝凝沉淀的组合工艺进行处理,对COD、SS、NH+4-N的去除率分别可达到99%、97%、85%。该工艺操作方便、运行费用低、处理效果稳定,出水水质可达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)二级排放标准。     

污泥臭氧/水解酸化液对生物脱氮除磷的影响

污泥原位减量工艺为解决目前污水处理厂所面临的进水碳源不足、污泥产量巨大等问题提供了新思路。污泥微生物细胞的溶解和胞内物质的释放与利用成为其关键环节。然而常规污泥破解技术很难达到预期效果,为此将臭氧和水解酸化技术耦合,利用间歇试验重点考察了污泥经臭氧/水解酸化后回流对有机物降解、硝化、反硝化、厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷过程的影响。结果发现,剩余污泥溶解液可以作为反硝化碳源,有44.1%的COD被反硝化菌快速利用,平均比脱氮速率介于乙酸钠和甲醇之间;污泥溶解液也能被聚磷菌利用实现厌氧释磷,最大比释磷速率是乙酸钠的72.2%;污泥溶解液回流对有机物降解、硝化以及好氧吸磷过程均无影响。但由于曝气结束时仍有COD残留,因此需要控制其回流比例,以免难降解物质积累。     

EPSB-微氧厌氧EGSB-PNH工艺处理高浓有机废液

为降低企业运行成本,梧州神冠蛋白肠衣有限公司采用EPSB-微氧厌氧EGSBPNH工艺建设了处理量为25 m3/d的高浓度有机废液处理工程。运行结果表明,EPSB-微氧厌氧EGSB-PNH工艺对COD去除率99%,对NH+4-N、SS的去除率分别大于70%和90%,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)三级标准。经济技术指标测算结果表明,厂区仅需1年即可回收全部投资。     

A2/O工艺各段对焦化废水中难降解有机物的去除作用

总结了近年来A^2/O工艺各段对焦化废水中几种典型难降解有机物（吡啶、吲哚、喹啉等）的降解情况，从降解特性、动力学及机理等方面加以分析，旨在最大限度地发挥厌氧、缺氧及好氧各段微生物的联合降解作用，提高A^2/O工艺对焦化废水中难降解有机物的去除效果。     

生活污水厌氧后处理工艺研究：微氧升流式污泥床反应器

对于厌氧出水后处理工艺进行了研究，采用和比较了沉淀，多级厌氧，生物吸附和微需氧工艺等各种处理方法。研究了提出了微需氧升流反应器，在１３℃条件下，停留时间１．０ｈ，基本上可以达到完全的处理。这种简单和低成本的处理系统，结合适当的物化工艺如絮凝，非常适合做为完整的生活污水厌氧后处理工艺。     

以印染废水为主的集中式污水处理厂达标技术研究

采用厌氧/好氧/混凝沉淀工艺处理难降解的印染废水,中试结果表明,系统对COD、色度、氨氮、总氮、总磷的平均去除率分别为93.2%、93.9%、90.2%、70.8%、96.3%;上流式厌氧水解池对COD和色度的去除效果最明显,投粉末活性炭的A/O工艺对氨氮和总氮的去除效果较好,混凝沉淀工艺则对总磷的去除效果最理想.系统出水水质达到了<太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值>(DB 32/1072-2007)的要求.     

污泥热消化工艺的特征及应用

介绍了污泥热消化技术的特点及其工艺类型。与传统消化技术相比,污泥热消化技术能高效杀灭病原体,降解常温消化无法水解的有机物。通过对自动升温好氧消化工艺(ATAD)和高温厌氧消化工艺进行比较,认为ATAD工艺适用于中小型污水厂(处理量<10×104m3/d),高温厌氧消化工艺则适用于处理量较大的污水厂。     

微电解/组合厌氧好氧/气浮过滤工艺处理糠醛废水

采用微电解/组合厌氧好氧（厌氧反应器、水解酸化、接触氧化）/气浮/过滤工艺处理糠醛废水,验收监测结果表明,COD、BOD5、NH3-N、SS的去除率分别达到99.27%、99.48%、89.22%、54.11%,出水达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978—1996）的二级标准。     

碳源对缺氧/厌氧/好氧工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响

通过投加有机碳源改变进水的碳氮比,考察了不同碳氮比条件下缺氧/厌氧/好氧工艺的脱氮除磷效果.结果表明:在污泥回流比为120%的条件下,当C/N值为7、C/P值为75时,缺氧/厌氧/好氧工艺对污水的脱氮除磷效果最佳,对TP、NH4M+-N和TN的去除率分别可达95%以上、98%和67%.     

生物强化厌氧/好氧组合工艺处理模拟冰淇淋废水

从餐饮业下水道污泥中分离筛选出菌株B3，对模拟冰淇淋生产废水的厌氧水解过程进行生物强化，并考察其在厌氧阶段对COD去除率的影响及对后续好氧处理的影响。试验结果表明，经B3菌强化厌氧处理8h后对COD的去除率比未投菌的高31％，并有效促进了后续的好氧处理，尤其是对NH3-N的去除率提高了约40％，说明该菌具有很强的硝化功能。     

硫酸软骨素废水治理与有机氮的影响

硫酸软骨素废水中蛋白质含量虽然较高,但氨氮测定值较低,导致有机氮问题在设计时容易被忽视。另外,在常规的厌氧 /好氧处理工艺中,水中蛋白质经厌氧段时会发生氨化反应,导致废水氨氮含量升高,出水难以达标。实践表明,采用生物硝化反硝化工艺可以有效解决废水中有机氮的脱除问题。     

Removal of organics and nutrients from food wastewater using combined thermophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion and shortcut biological nitrogen removal

A process combining pilot-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion and shortcut biological nitrogen removal (SBNR) was developed to treat organics and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from food wastewater. The thermophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion process was investigated without adjusting the pH of the wastewater for the pre-acidification process. The digested food wastewater was treated using the SBNR process without supplemental carbon sources or alkalinity. Under these circumstances, the combined system was able to remove about 99% of COD, 88% of TN, and 97% of TP. However, considerable amounts of nutrients were removed due to chemical precipitation processes between the anaerobic digestion and SBNR. The average TN removal efficiency of the SBNR process was about 74% at very low C/N (TCOD/TN) ratio of 2. The SBNR process removed about 39% of TP from the digested food wastewater. Conclusively, application of the combined system improved organic removal efficiency while producing valuable energy (biogas), removed nitrogen at a low C/N ratio, and conserved additional resources (carbon and alkalinity).     

污泥调理废水的特性及其处理工艺

采用离子色谱法及化学分析法分析了污泥调理废水的水质特性,在氨吹脱及混凝试验的基础上开展了氨吹脱—厌氧—SBR工艺处理该废水的研究。结果表明,污泥调理废水是一种高浓度含氮有机废水,其中有机污染物主要以溶解态存在,不宜采用混凝处理。该废水具有较好的生物可降解性能,当HRT为24h、进水COD为8658.7~9650.3mg/L时,厌氧对COD的去除率可达62.1%,厌氧/好氧交替运行的SBR对COD、氨氮的去除率分别为92.1%、88.4%。动态运行结果显示,氨吹脱—厌氧—SBR工艺对该废水水质具有良好的适应性,处理出水水质能稳定地达到GB8978—1996的二级标准。     

含腈废水的生物一级处理工艺

采用好氧活性污泥法、悬浮载体膨胀床及厌氧生物反应器分别对含腈废水进行一级处理。实验结果表明,由于含腈废水的CN -毒性和难降解有机物含量高,好氧活性污泥法不适合处理含腈废水。随着活性污泥反应器运行时间的延长,污泥逐渐失去活性,大量微生物死亡。悬浮载体膨胀床处理含腈废水的效果较差,污染物去除率低于15%。厌氧生物反应器适于用作含腈废水的一级处理,污染物去除率可达到35%以上,而且可以改善水质,提高含腈废水的可生化性,有利于后续的生物处理工艺对含腈废水的深度处理。     

Decolorizing and detoxifying textile wastewater, containing both soluble and insoluble dyes, in a full scale combined anaerobic/aerobic system

The wastewater originating from the bleaching and dyeing processes in the textile factory Ten Cate Protect in Nijverdal (the Netherlands) was successfully treated in a sequential anaerobic/aerobic system. In the system, a combination of an anaerobic 70-m3 fluidized bed reactor and a 450-m3 aerobic basin with integrated tilted plate settlers, 80-95% of the color was removed. The color was largely removed in the preacidification basin and the anaerobic reactor. Color, deriving from both reactive as well as disperse, was anaerobically removed, indicating that these type of dyes were reduced to colorless products. Interestingly, the vat dyes, the anthraquinones and indigoids, which were thought to be removed mainly aerobically, were largely anaerobically decolorized. Apparently the anaerobic system is capable of effectively removing the color of both soluble as insoluble dyes. The treated effluent of the sequential anaerobic/aerobic treatment showed no toxicity towards the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fisheri (EC20 (95%) > 45%). Partially bypassing the anaerobic stage resulted in increased toxicity (EC20 (95%) of 9% and 14%) in the effluent of the aerobic treatment and caused significant decrease of color removal. The results of this study show a main contribution of anaerobic treatment in decolorizing and detoxifying the textile wastewater in the sequential anaerobic/aerobic system.     

好氧颗粒污泥技术用于味精废水处理的研究

以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥,采用人工模拟废水在SBR反应器内培养好氧颗粒污泥,35 d后颗粒污泥成熟,反应器对COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别高于95%和99%。采用该反应器处理味精废水,当COD、NH4+-N的容积负荷分别为2.4、0.24 kg/(m3.d)时,对COD、NH4+-N和TN的去除率分别在90%、99%和85%左右,且颗粒污泥未出现解体的现象。以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥、味精废水为进水,在与上述相同条件下培养好氧颗粒污泥,经过60 d的培养,反应器内的污泥以絮状污泥为主,该系统对COD、NH4+-N和TN的去除率分别为85%、99%和70%。     

高浓度活性红染料废水处理初步研究

以模拟高浓度染料有机废水为研究对象,采用厌氧-好氧-活性炭吸附处理工艺进行了处理研究．结果表明,废水经12h厌氧处理,CODcr去除率为36．6％,BODs去除率为26．3％,色度去除率为83％;经好氧处理24h,CODcr,去除率为75．1％,色度去除率为85％;最后经活性炭吸附处理,出水符合综合废水一级排放标准．     

常温EGSB去除有机物的性能与机理

将厌氧污泥膨胀床(EGSB)分别与厌氧生物滤池、好氧生物滤池和活性污泥法串联并用其处理城市污水,考察了EGSB在常温下的工艺性能和去除有机物的机理。结果表明,在常温和较短水力停留时间下,EGSB的厌氧生化过程主要停留在水解阶段,对有机物的去除主要以颗粒污泥的吸附、吸收作用为主;影响EGSB处理效果的主要因素有温度、上升流速、水力停留时间、进水浓度及容积负荷等。     

Electricity assisted anaerobic treatment of salinity wastewater and its effects on microbial communities

High salinity wastewater is often difficult to treat using common anaerobic technologies. Considering that high conductivity of salinity wastewater may enhance electrodes reaction to accelerate the decomposition of volatile fatty acids produced in anaerobic digestion, a pair of electrodes was packed into an anaerobic reactor (R1) with the aim to enhance the treatment of salinity wastewater. With increasing the salt concentration (NaCl) gradually from 0 to 50 g/L in 137 days' operation, COD removal in this reactor under the voltage for the electrodes of 1.2 V was well maintained at 93%, while the COD removal in a reference anaerobic reactor without electrodes (R2) decreased to 53%. When the voltage for R1 was cut off, about 10% COD removal was declined, which was still 30 percentage points higher than that in R2. The electrodes enhanced the biodegradation of volatile fatty acids, especially propionate. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed that the relative abundance of propionate-utilizing bacteria in R1 was significantly higher than that in R2. PCR-DGGE analysis of bacteria and archaea domains indicated that the electric field stimulation effectively enriched salt-adapted microorganisms during the treatment.