城市防灾避险绿地布局适宜性评价

城市防灾与城市绿地系统规划相结合是发挥城市绿地防灾避险功能的有效途径,本文从地域安全性、绿地规模、绿地服务半径、绿地容纳避灾人口的能力以及可达性几个方面,提出评判建立防灾避险绿地的适宜性分析方法,为防灾避险绿地布局规划提供依据。     

城市公共空间规划建设与城市防灾

城市公共空间是组成城市防灾系统中的重要一环,通过对＂5.12＂汶川大地震中城市公共空间防灾避难作用的分析,结合国内外紧急避难场所规划建设情况,以成都市为例,探讨城市公共空间进行城市防灾系统整合的规划建设原则,提出了城市公共空间作为避灾场所的设施配置建议。     

国内外防灾绿地之比较与我国城市避灾绿地的规划建设

汶川地震唤起全国各地的相关部门及行业对城市灾害问题的重视,也再次引起了园林工作者对城市绿地在避灾方面的规划建设等开展研究。介绍了国内外城市防灾规划理论和实践发展,分析我国的城市绿地避灾规划研究和建设管理现状,提出当前我国城市避灾绿地规划和建设遭遇规划、研究、立法、建设和资金筹措等9个方面的问题和努力方向,为城市绿地规划提供新的思考方向。     

构建新型“柔性(SOFT)”防灾城市——谈我国城市防灾避难绿地建设中的问题及对策

针对现阶段人们对城市防灾绿地规划建设的认识误区,分析了城市绿地防灾避难功能的重要性。结合我国作为应急避难场所的部分公园规划建设现状,总结归纳出我国城市防灾绿地规划建设和现阶段管理上存在的问题。并通过借鉴和参考灾害多发地日本、美国、中国台湾地区城市绿地防灾理论和实践的先进经验,从构建新型"SOFT"防灾城市的角度探讨如何对城市防灾绿地规划建设和管理进行优化,从而达到加强我国城市防灾绿地功能、完善城市防灾系统的目的。     

从汶川震区看城市避灾用地缺失与避灾绿地建设

从汶川震区受灾城镇避灾场所的缺失入手,对城市避灾场所用地进行分析,提出增加城市绿地和广场尤其是增加具有长期(固定)避灾功能的公园绿地是解决城市避灾场所问题的主要途径;借鉴日本避灾绿地建设经验,对我国避灾场所与避灾绿地建设提出措施建议。     

城市绿地的避灾功能及其规划设计研究

随着对城市公共安全的重视和相关规划研究的展开,出现了一些与城市绿地防灾避灾功能相关的定义、概念,但还没有统一的标准或共识。对城市避灾绿地从概念、规划定位、选址要求、体系构建等方面进行了探讨,提出应从城市应急避难场所体系的高度评价城市绿地的避灾能力,并对避灾绿地服务半径的合理确定、建设时限、容量计算等问题提出了见解,力图从新的角度审视、指导今后公园的改造和建设,真正实现公园平时与灾时的功能转换。     

大理市避灾绿地规划

在大理市主城区绿地系统规划的基础上,综合考虑绿地的避灾功能和大理市作为8度抗震城市的特点,提出了点、线、面的避灾绿地规划结构,指出大理市避灾绿地规划将构建合理的城市防灾绿地网络,有利于城市的防灾和减灾。     

河北省栾城县防灾避险绿地体系规划研究

城市灾害种类繁多,城市绿地在城市灾害防御、灾害减轻及城市灾后重建过程中有不可替代的作用。本文在防灾避险绿地体系理论的指导下,基于河北省栾城县各类绿地的防灾避险功能,从城市防灾避险绿地体系的概念出发,在栾城县城乡总体规划的框架下,以栾城县绿地系统规划为依托,结合栾城各类灾害的特征及灾民避险行为特征等,初步研究规划建立统筹城乡、系统科学、逐级控制、安全可靠、可实施性强、平灾结合、具有栾城特色的防灾避险绿地体系的策略和方法。     

基于防灾分区的城市防灾绿地布局研究——以萍乡市为例

该文从城市绿地防灾避险建设和规划的不足入手,对城市防灾避险绿地布局进行研究,提出基于防灾分区的城市防灾绿地布局方法,并且以萍乡市为例,具体阐述城市防灾绿地分区布局方法。     

城市绿地系统避灾规划设计的探讨——以承德市营子区为例

“绿地”是城市开放空间系统的一个重要组成部分,城市绿地作为一种特殊形式的空间体具有综合的生态效益和社会效益。面对不同类型的城市灾害．绿地可在不同层面发挥避灾作用,从而完善整个城市的综合防灾体系。该文通过相关文献回顾,指出目前城市综合防灾体系规划中绿地避灾功能的必要性及重要性。在借鉴国内外经验的基础上,从规划和建设两个层面探讨城市绿地避灾作用的实现途径,并与城市总体规划、城市综合防灾体系、城市绿地系统规划相协调。实践以承德市营子区绿地系统规划的避灾建设作为实例．从而达到理论对实践的综合指导作用。     

干旱区绿洲环境下的新疆小城镇建设投资

一、研究区域基本现状新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,地貌轮廓表现为“三山夹两盆”,山地与平原的面积大致各占50%,镶嵌于戈壁沙漠的绿洲仅有7万平方公里。新疆土地面积166.49万平方公里,占全国总面积的六分之一。气候干旱,荒漠广布,是中国最大的干旱区,是亚洲干旱核心区,也是世界上著名的干旱区之一。水资源短缺,生态极度脆弱。新疆2004年底有1950万人,人均GDP已经超过了1000美元,城镇化进入了快速发展阶段,特别是小城镇的发展速度较快。但新疆特殊的干旱区绿洲环境,使得小城镇的发展存在许多问题。一是城镇规模小而散,基础设施配套差,城镇集散和…     

污泥制砖存在问题浅析

污泥制砖符合国家的环保政策,但在技术方面还待进一步创新和突破。为此分析了污泥制砖在技术方面、环保方面和社会大众认可方面存在问题及相应的改进措施。     

Levels of manganese in the urine of female farmers in non-polluted regions in Japan

Nearly 1500 urine samples were collected from female farmers in eight regions widely scattered in the islands of Japan in the winter of 1987-1988. The samples were analysed for manganese by wet ashing and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict quality control. The values observed after adjustment for a specific gravity of 1.016 were distributed log-normally with a geometric mean of 0.65 microgram/l and a geometric standard deviation of 2.47. There was no effect of aging or any effect of smoking on the urinary manganese concentration. The inter-regional difference may be present but not yet conclusive. As no sex difference was observed in a previous study, it may be possible to deduce that the value may possibly stand for the "background" level of both men and women, either smoking or non-smoking, among the general Japanese population. The observed value is discussed in comparison with values reported in the literature.     

莳花在城市绿化中的应用

目的:花化、香化、彩化已成为城市园林绿化的主要趋势,也是为满足人们对环境要求越来越高的一种心境。方法:选择采用莳花能表现出品种繁多,色彩艳丽等不同的方式,从而能在很大程度上丰富了植物造景的层次感要求。结果:能使其达到美化环境、增添节日气氛、提高绿化品质等方面有着突出的作用。结论:莳花造景对城市的美化可达到立杆见影效果,从而提高城市的形象和品位。     

Typification of Fires in Buildings in Spain

Although the Dirección de General de Protección Civil (DGPC), an agency of the Spanish government, has been responsible for the collection of data and the statistical analysis of fires since 1985, it has not as yet issued any reports. It is true that a couple of studies have been made, but in neither case did they use a standardized methodology but relied simply on the heterogeneous information provided by the fire brigades which cooperated in the studies. At that time Spanish fire brigades did not have special units for professional fire investigation, nor was the information derived from standardized methodologies suited to research purposes. In addition, information was extremely scarce and basic, focussed only on the fire, the use of the building and personal data of the victims. In this context, the project for a Fire Investigation Unit in the Fire Brigade of Málaga (the sixth largest Spanish province in inhabitants) was set up. Although inspired in the methodologies used in the USA and in the UK, the aim was to create a customized methodology for the first scientific investigation of fires in Spain. Our research was conducted in 2007. Using the methodologies of the USA and the UK, our own methodological approach and the Spanish regulations, we drew up a questionnaire with 110 variables arranged into 6 modules. We studied 96 fires out of the 154 emergency fire calls received in 2007, having omitted some emergency calls for various reasons. Our results revealed that it was necessary to generalize the installation of fire extinguishers in residential buildings, to train the general public in the use of these devices, to promote the use of fire and smoke detectors in residential buildings, to encourage the inspection and control of old electric installations and to monitor the new installations, to generalize the implementation of emergency and evacuation plans and to design new systems and materials for the cabinets where hand-held extinguishers are stored.     

遗传算法在边坡稳定系数计算中的应用

边坡稳定性的关键问题是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。国内外一般是采用先假定边坡滑移模式,然后近似确定最危险滑动面,再求近似的边坡稳定系数的方法来分析边坡的稳定性,但假设的边坡滑移模式难以反映边坡滑移的实际状态。因此本文探索利用遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面,并得到最小稳定系数及对应的最危险滑动面曲线,取得了较好的效果。     

分光光度法测水中余氯

介绍了用双硫腙分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法，阐述了其测定试验过程，根据试验结果显示，其结论符合国家标准，表明该方法可用于自来水等样品中余氯含量的测定，结果比较准确。     

Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden

Abstract

Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.     

日本城市浅层地下空间利用的新成就

本文结合日本川崎市站前广场和神户市哈巴兰德地区的立体化再开发，分析介绍当前日本浅层地下空间开发利用的成就和特点。     

地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道地质预报研究

针对地质情况复杂地区垫邻高速公路设计、施工中的具体问题，从地质预报的方法、原理方面入手，对地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道施工中的地质超前预报工作进行了深入的研究，在分析归纳的基础上，提出合适的工作方法。