浅析多米诺体系的演变与发展

在工业时代的背景下,柯布西耶打破了原有的古典建筑形式,发明自由平面的建筑格局,形成了多米诺体系.随着科学技术的不断突破以及互联网的兴起,建筑多元化逐渐推向大众的视野,如何采用新的材料、结构和技术来对传统建筑空间及形式进行突破,从而适应新时代空间发展的需求,成为了许多建筑师开始关注的焦点问题.文章通过研究多米诺体系,对现代主义建筑进行系统分析,从现代主义建筑角度结合社会的发展与技术的进步来总结多米诺体系的发展与演变.     

多米诺体系的探索与实践——装配式钢和混凝土组合结构建造系统

装配式建筑的设计需要应用建造系统的思维。影响深远的多米诺体系可以被看作住宅原型或结构原型,更是非常重要的建造系统案例,最初是作为装配式建造系统而设计。以多米诺体系为例,分析建造系统各个层次的性质和建造系统衍生变化的方式,论述系统层面的演化超越造型个性化的意义。本文介绍多米诺体系在当代的实践之一——装配式钢和混凝土组合结构建造系统在江苏和能人居科技有限公司厂房项目中的应用。     

多米诺展馆改造的模块化思维

<正>多米诺展馆是2017年深港双年展(UABB)上围分展场的一个旧民居改造项目。设计团队将其命名"多米诺",旨在回应其柱板结构:多米诺体系。具有自我指涉符号的多米诺体系~([1])诞生于1922年,由柯布西耶提出,采用钢筋混凝土柱板结构,墙体从建筑结构体系中释放出来,构建了自由的平面形态和空间流动性。在工业化大生产的背景下,多米诺体系是高效生成更大系统的一个可复制片段,并具备了惊人的灵活性,它是一种典型的空间模块原型。设计团队在这个空间原型上继续细分了另一层次的     

伊东丰雄新型多米诺体系中的网格系统研究

1914年柯布西耶设计建造了一系列钢筋混凝土预制骨骼住宅,并由此提炼出多米诺体系。在深入解读柯布西耶多米诺体系的基础上,伊东丰雄经由一系列建筑实践创建了新型多米诺体系。文章对伊东丰雄建筑作品中关于新型多米诺体系的案例进行整理和研究,归纳出其中的网格系统包括轴线形态异化、构建单元组合、空间体量置入、过渡空间置入等多种基本类型,并进一步解析形态操作背后的逻辑和伊东丰雄的建筑设计理念。     

建筑中结构化的空间构造——整体性的结构与空间要素形式的结构

建筑结构对空间的意义的思考,可追溯至古代哥特建筑。近代以来,多米诺结构体系、荷兰结构主义、结构法等都在努力从结构自身的逻辑出发,探索其对空间诠释的多样性。结构化的空间构造即从整体性的结构与空间要素形式的结构两个角度出发,对建筑结构与空间的相互关系进行探讨。     

碎片整理——工业化住宅理论及其对租住人群未来居住模式的启示

正1开放建筑体系理论依据及发展历程开放建筑理论的最早模型可以追溯到勒·柯布西埃提出的"多米诺住宅结构体",将住宅的承重结构和内部功能空间划分开来,承重结构包括规则的柱网、大跨度楼板和垂直交通体,平面规整开敞,提供了不同功能和平面划分的灵活性,这种分离式的结构体系     

“多米诺体系”在城市存量空间优化中的探索——以众建筑事务所为例

“多米诺体系”是柯布西耶就立体主义对新时空探索的结果,该理论体系在工业化时代得到广泛应用。本文就城市化带来的大城市病问题,对城市存量空间优化进行探索,并分别从建筑空间、材料、装配、功能、成本等方面对众建筑事务所近十年的设计作品进行分析,探寻“多米诺体系”在装配式建筑中的应用及优化,为装配式建筑在存量空间的发展提供参考。     

伊东丰雄建筑中的新型多米诺实验解读

伊东以其非连贯性的建筑形态而被世人熟知,本文意在开拓解读思路。通过对其一系列实际建筑的解读和剖析,抽取其中与多米诺体系（Dom-ino System）的相关部分,梳理出建筑师较为连贯的抗争过程以及各个阶段在具体建筑上的表现方式。并在文章最后简要罗列了目前新型多米诺所具有的特点和操作方法。     

“多米诺效应”——青年公寓实验性设计

"多米诺效应"原本是指一个微小的初始量经过一系列的作用引起更大范围的变化,这里以柯布西耶提出的"多米诺"框架体系为原型,探讨其在发展演绎过程中所引发的一系列建筑变革。并结合实验性设计方案——青年公寓,从不同的方向出发,探求其对当代建筑空间的影响及未来设计的可能性思考。     

勒·柯布西耶:机器美学与诗意地建造

勒·柯布西耶,一位现代建筑的先驱者和革命者。同时,在他身上,又体现了机器时代的科学理性与欧洲传统文化及古典精神之间的矛盾和融合。他创造并发展出了符合工业社会要求的多米诺体系、新建筑五要点等现代建筑的形式、结构以及空间语言,并把时间要素纳入到空间体系中去,使建筑成为了一门时间的艺术。     

Over-parameterised, uncertain 'mathematical marionettes' - how can we best use catchment water quality models? An example of an 80-year catchment-scale nutrient balance

The Integrated Catchment Model of Nitrogen (INCA-N) was applied to the River Lambourn, a Chalk river-system in southern England. The model's abilities to simulate the long-term trend and seasonal patterns in observed stream water nitrate concentrations from 1920 to 2003 were tested. This is the first time a semi-distributed, daily time-step model has been applied to simulate such a long time period and then used to calculate detailed catchment nutrient budgets which span the conversion of pasture to arable during the late 1930s and 1940s. Thus, this work goes beyond source apportionment and looks to demonstrate how such simulations can be used to assess the state of the catchment and develop an understanding of system behaviour. The mass-balance results from 1921, 1922, 1991, 2001 and 2002 are presented and those for 1991 are compared to other modelled and literature values of loads associated with nitrogen soil processes and export. The variations highlighted the problem of comparing modelled fluxes with point measurements but proved useful for identifying the most poorly understood inputs and processes thereby providing an assessment of input data and model structural uncertainty. The modelled terrestrial and instream mass-balances also highlight the importance of the hydrological conditions in pollutant transport. Between 1922 and 2002, increased inputs of nitrogen from fertiliser, livestock and deposition have altered the nitrogen balance with a shift from possible reduction in soil fertility but little environmental impact in 1922, to a situation of nitrogen accumulation in the soil, groundwater and instream biota in 2002. In 1922 and 2002 it was estimated that approximately 2 and 18 kg N ha^− 1 yr^− 1 respectively were exported from the land to the stream. The utility of the approach and further considerations for the best use of models are discussed.     

An Integrated Fuzzy Control System for Structural Vibration

Abstract:   Recently, numerous studies of structural control systems of civil structures and infrastructure have been carried out. To develop structural control systems, it is necessary to consider their special features such as complexity, uncertainty, and size. To consider these features, fuzzy theory has been applied to structural control systems. This study proposes an integrated fuzzy active control system based on fuzzy ensemble learning. It combines several fuzzy active control systems and improves structural vibrations caused by earthquakes. The proposed method includes two fuzzy active control systems, a fuzzy ensemble system, and a gating network. In this study, two fuzzy active control systems are constructed by applying particle–swarm optimization. The fuzzy ensemble system assigns a performance grade to each fuzzy active control system according to control effects from input patterns. The gating network determines the final control force based on the weight of their performance grade. By introducing fuzzy ensemble learning, the structural response is reduced more than when the response is controlled by individual fuzzy active control systems.     

新型斜拉桥与摩天轮组合结构体系分析

以天津市慈海桥工程为背景,对新型斜拉桥与摩天轮组合结构体系开展研究以寻求更适合于慈海桥工程的合理的结构体系。在介绍慈海桥工程概况的基础上,对结构的组成和受力特点进行分析,指出组合结构主要通过轴力传递荷载的受力特点。提出两面索+桁架结构(结构体系A)和四面索+悬挂结构(结构体系B)两种结构体系,并从构成特点、受力和施工等方面对两种结构体系进行探讨分析与比较,得出四面索悬挂体系为更合理的结构体系。     

消能摇摆高位隔震结构体系的地震反应特性

双段消能摇摆结构体系是通过两段串联的摇摆结构,控制主体结构各楼层在地震作用下均匀变形,抑制薄弱层的产生,也降低了主体结构对于摇摆结构的刚度需求。在变形集中的摇摆结构底部布设位移型阻尼器,可进一步提高结构的抗震性能。但是该体系存在承载力较低、上段结构地震反应相对较大的不足。基于此,提出了消能摇摆高位隔震结构体系,即在双段消能摇摆结构体系的分段楼层位置增设劲性支撑,以抑制上段结构的摇摆运动,提高结构的刚度与承载力;同时,下段结构允许发生摇摆,发挥高位隔震层的作用。以消能摇摆高位隔震结构体系为研究对象,分析对比了其他三种结构体系：传统支撑框架结构体系、双段消能摇摆结构体系、不含位移型阻尼器的摇摆高位隔震结构体系。采用OpenSees软件建立了弹塑性有限元分析模型,对四种结构体系进行弹塑性抗震分析和增量动力时程分析。研究表明,消能摇摆高位隔震结构体系的刚度与承载力较高,地震反应较小,抗震性能与抗倒塌性能良好。在摇摆结构分段位置加设劲性支撑层,可以抑制上段结构在地震作用下的变形,并发挥下段摇摆结构的隔震作用。布设于分段位置与摇摆结构底部的阻尼器,可以充分消耗地震能量,提高结构体系的抗震性能。     

Seismic design and assessment for midrise buildings equipped with damped-outrigger system

The damped-outrigger system has been proposed to improve the performance of conventional outrigger systems in controlling the structural seismic response by increasing the damping and stiffness. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using damped-outrigger systems in midrise buildings and provide engineers with a comparison between conventional structural systems such as moment resisting frame (MRF) and buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) in proposing the most suitable structural system. In this study, the buckling-restrained brace and viscous damper are adopted as the energy dissipation devices in the damped-outrigger system. A total of 48 midrise numerical models with various building heights and structural systems are analyzed using nonlinear response history analysis and incremental dynamic analyses. The analysis results show that the midrise buildings equipped with a damped-outrigger system with either viscous damper or buckling-restrained brace (BRB) can reach similar and even better seismic performance when compared with the BRBF; it also reduces the structural responses by around 30% for the maximum roof drift and acceleration responses when compared with MRF. The analysis results could provide a reference for structural engineers when selecting suitable lateral force resisting systems for midrise buildings.     

福州海峡国际会展中心结构健康监测系统设计与分析研究

结构健康监测已成为重大建筑结构工程安全监测重要技术手段,是当前土木工程界研究热点。福州海峡国际会展中心结构健康监测系统包括了四大系统:传感器系统、数据采集和传输系统、数据处理及控制系统和结构健康评估系统。研究总体的设计原则和各子系统设计原则和方法,给出了基于钢屋盖结构体系的安全评估方法。     

基于垂直城市设计理念的平台型超高层结构体系研究

基于垂直城市设计理念,提出了一种新型超高层结构体系,即平台型超高层结构体系。该体系沿高度方向采用巨型结构搭建若干层结构平台,在各结构平台上建造各种不同使用功能及结构体系的建筑,而巨型结构平台由竖向筒体+桁架平台+斜撑组成。该体系的布置及受力特点基本符合极限高层建筑体系的概念,具有抗侧移效率高、适应各种城市功能建筑、实现垂直城市的建造的特点。对某400m高、575m高两栋在建超高层项目,分别采用2种平台型结构体系和巨柱框架-核心筒-伸臂桁架结构体系,进行了各体系的抗侧移效率及其他力学指标、建造成本等多方面、多角度的对比。结果表明,钢筋混凝土竖向筒体+钢桁架平台+斜撑的平台型结构体系是最优选择。     

提高结构体系抗侧移刚度研究在设计中的应用

通过对结构体系刚度的讨论,比较分析了不同结构体系的特点,并结合工程实例进行了论证,最后阐述了高层建筑结构体系的发展趋势,以便在工程中应用。     

层次分析法在既有建筑结构体系可靠性评定中的应用

用层次分析法确定构件的权重系数,提出了一种考虑构件权重的既有结构体系可靠性评定方法。以框架结构体系为例进行了结构体系可靠性等级的评定,并和《民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准》(GB50292-1999)的评价结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,所提方法能反映不同构件对结构体系可靠性的影响,评定结果和实际吻合较好。但对于高层建筑,该方法还需要进一步完善。     

Balancing weight, system reliability and redundancy in a multiobjective optimization framework

Redundancy is often desired in structural systems, although no redundancy definition has been widely accepted as an objective measurement. In this paper a probabilistic index is employed as a measure of structural redundancy. This index is compatible with structural system reliability analysis. The optimization problem is solved in a multiobjective framework in which the goal is to minimize and/or maximize several objectives simultaneously. Optimal structural designs are sought in the sense of least weight, highest system reliability and highest system redundancy. Numerical results show that optimal searchings balancing weight, system reliability and system redundancy produce more rational structural designs.