大型石质文物表面清洗技术的现状和发展趋势

大型石质文物表面污染物的清除技术是文物保护维修单位和石材清洗护理行业都十分关注的关键技术。本文围绕大型石质文物清洗技术,包括:吸附脱盐、化学清洗、蒸汽喷射、粒子喷射、激光清洗,以及清洗效果检测等,对国内外技术现状进行了综述,并对国内近期的发展趋势进行了评述。     

激光技术与石质材料清洗

本文阐述了激光清洗的基本原理,及其在石质材料和石质文物清洗中的作用机理,展望了激光清洗技术在石材领域的应用前景。     

激光技术与石质材料清洗

本文阐述了激光清洗的基本原理,及其在石质材料和石质文物清洗中的作用机理,展望了激光清洗技术在石材领域的应用前景.     

石质材料的激光清洗

石质材料常见的清洗方法有机械清洗法、化学清洗法等等。随着高档石材对清洗的精确度的要求越来越高,以及人类环境保护意识的提高,激光清洗技术作为一种新的清洗方法正被人们认识和发展。激光清洗技术主要利用激光束来高速有效地清除待清洗对象表面的附着物,它省时、省力、节水,而且安全可靠、适用面广、易于自动控制。特别对于石雕、石刻、各种边角等石面精细结构,以及年代久远的石质文物等高档石材的清洗,激光清洗技术的优势是许多传统清洗工艺所无法比拟的。因此,可以说激光清洗是清洗技术的一大进步,推广应用激光清洗技术必将使…     

石质文物的清洗技术和清洗效果检测

本文简要评价了国际上石质文物常用清理或清洗技术，以及清洗效果评价检测方法，这些技术和方法同样可以用于高档石质建筑和周塑的清洗翻新。     

环保生态纳米涂料

激光清洗技术主要利用激光束来高速有效地清除待清洗表面的附着物,它省时、省力、节水,而且安全可靠、适用面广、易于自动控制。特别对于石雕、石刻,各种边角等石面精细结构,以及年代久远的石质文物等高档石材的清洗,激光清洗技术的优势是许多传统清洗工艺所无法比拟的。推广应用激光清洗技术必将使石材清洗业如虎添翼。它会在瞬间使污垢分子蒸发、气化或分解。     

激光清洗技术作为1种新的清洗方法正被人们认识和发展

石质材料常见的清洗方法有机械清洗法、化学清洗法等。随着高档石材对清洗的精确度的要求越来越高,以及人类环境保护意识的提高．激光清洗技术作为1种新的清洗方法正被人们认识和发展。激光清洗技术主要利用激光束来高速有效地清除待清洗对象表面的附着物,     

石材为的粘接与修补技术

本文对石材的粘接与修补技术进行了评述,石材的粘接与修补不仅可以提高石材行业的经济效益,也是石质文物修复不可缺少的技术,具有实际应用价值。     

石材的粘接与修补技术

本文对石植物的粘接与修补技术进行了评述，石材的粘接与修补不仅可以提高石材行业的经济效益，也是石质文物修复不可缺少的技术，具有实际应用价值。     

蒸汽清洗技术在石材护理和文物保护中的应用和发展趋势

本文综合叙述了蒸汽清洗技术的历史、基本原理、应用实例、设备类型、优缺点和发展趋势．希望为我国装饰石材护理、古旧建筑修善、石质文物保护等领域的工作者提供开展蒸汽清洗所需要的基本信息。推动我国清洗技术向清洁高效,环保节能,可规模化实施的方向发展.     

建筑幕墙用密封材料物理性能检测技术及改进

建筑幕墙用密封材料主要有两种,一是用在石材幕墙上的石材用建筑密封胶,二是用在隐框或半隐框玻璃幕墙上的建筑用硅酮结构密封胶。石材用建筑密封胶的主要性能指标是污染性,其体现了石材用建筑密封胶与接触的石材污染的可能性。建筑用硅酮结构密封胶的主要性能指标是邵氏硬度、拉伸粘结性、结构装配系统用附件同密封胶相容性和实际工程用基材同密封胶粘结性。本文介绍了这些密封材料物理性能的检测技术和改进方式。     

医院手术室洁净技术措施探讨

在分析、研究近期国外某些涉及手术部位感染率与医院手术室洁净通风关系的文献,及近期国外医院建筑标准中有关手术室空调通风的洁净技术措施显著变更的基础上,探讨了国内相关标准与国外标准在医院手术室洁净技术措施方面的差异,分析了国内现行医院手术室洁净标准形成的历史背景,呼吁业内人士重视与关注国际上涉及医院手术室通风空调洁净措施的临床医学研究结论。建议相关主管部门根据我国国情科学地修订国内现行标准的相关部分,以利于促进医疗设施建设的发展。     

上海木结构优秀历史建筑检测与鉴定

纯木结构优秀历史建筑是上海市优秀历史建筑的重要组成部分,对这类历史建筑的检测鉴定,应重点做好历史资料的收集,特别是历次改造对原结构的改变情况以及改造的具体情况,并充分利用现有的技术条件,逐项逐处地进行检测鉴定,做到全面详尽。文章以金刚道场西大殿大修前的综合检测为例,进行了介绍。     

Surface dust contamination and perceived indoor environment in office buildings

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of cleaning on indoor environment quality. Surface dust contamination and occupants' perception of the work environment factors and symptoms were the parameters studied. Six multi-floor office buildings were selected. Dust contamination on surfaces was sampled with gelatine foils and quantified using a BM-Dustdetector. Occupants' perceptions of the environment were assessed with modified MM-40 questionnaires. The results indicated that each building had its own surface dust contamination profile. Weekly cleaning maintained the surface dust contamination at the highest acceptable level for indoor environments. The occupants and their activities have a major effect on the level of dust particle contamination on desks. The correlation between the perceived surface dust contamination and the level of satisfaction with cleaning was as expected. Furthermore, surface dust contamination appeared not to be associated with work-related symptoms. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results provide information about current program for contractors and clients, e.g. appropriate cleaning intervals of different surfaces, and the influence of disorder on result. After the evaluation of surface dust contamination levels, it will be possible for cleaning companies to focus on the most important surfaces to clean in order to enhance the quality of the indoor environment in office buildings. This should lead to future development work, which will require cooperation between contractors, clients, and research scientists. In office environments where high cleanliness is required, objective measurements (with instruments) are needed in addition to subjective measurements (the perceptions of occupants). It is essential to evaluate the efficiency of cleaning programs regularly with effective and appropriate quality-monitoring methods.     

振冲碎石桩加固高层建筑粉砂土地基实例分析

本文介绍杭州两座高层建筑物采用振冲碎石桩加固粉砂土地基的工程实例。结合有关现场测试成果,探讨了高层建筑振冲碎石桩地基设计计算、振冲碎石桩施工控制和加固效果评价等有关问题。为振冲碎石桩在同类地基中的推广应用提供一些成功经验。     

关于文物建筑遗迹保护与重建的思考

文物建筑的保护,“目的是真实、全面地保存并延续其历史信息及全部价值”,对于一座仅存遗址或遗迹的历史建筑,一般不主张丢掉历史信息而重建。历史建筑的重建可以区分为文物建筑性质的重建和非文物建筑性的重建。对于前者,不应破坏原有遗迹,并应按照原材料、原技术、原工艺进行重建。在原址重建是保护工程中极特殊的个别措施。基于“文物建筑是历史信息载体”的概念,在重建的文物建筑身上应当体现出历史的可读性和可识别性。有时为了“不破坏原有遗迹”而满足某种重建的需求时,只能采取现代的新技术手段,保存遗迹,将重建的非文物性的新建筑跨于其上。     

Efficiency and countereffects of cleaning treatment on limestone surfaces—investigation on the Corfu Venetian Fortress

Surface alterations of the original limestone and the efficiency of several cleaning methods were investigated on the Corfu Venetian Fortress facade. Black crusts of gypsum dendrites and loose depositions or black-grey calcareous encrustations in combination with biological decay were identified as main decay processes. The cleaning treatments, chosen according to their acting on the stone surface, were: sepiolite for solvent action, ammonium bicarbonate for exchange action, EDTA for the chemical chelating action, hydrogen peroxide for chemical action on biological species and nylon brushes for physical action.Each cleaning method's efficiency and counteractions were evaluated by laboratory examinations concerning the morphology and the composition of the surface with SEM observations and X-ray microanalysis, before and after treatment and during ageing tests in sulphur dioxide and humidity atmosphere.The used methodology creates a sound basis for the evaluation and proper selection of a cleaning method, which should be highly efficient and with limited counteractions to the stone.     

Innovation perspectives in construction

ABSTRACT

This study conducted a comparison between biocide treatments based on nanoparticles of silver, copper, ZnO, TiO₂ and silver/ TiO₂ nanocomposites to analyse their capability to inhibit microalgal fouling on stone buildings. Biofouling is one of the main alterations on stone façades, causes degradation of their constituent materials and interferes with their aesthetic values. The proposed treatments were tested on a limestone from the historic quarry of Estepa (Spain), widely used as construction material in the South of Spain. The applicability of the treatments was evaluated by colorimetry. The biocidal effectiveness of the nanoparticles was studied on stone surfaces by multispectral imaging, digital image analysis and optical coherence tomography. This is a low-cost and efficient protocol to validate biocidal treatments for limestone monuments, and our results demonstrate the potential of silver and ZnO nanoparticles as a protective treatment for stone façades. The results have implications for practitioners working on historic buildings.     

水泥稳定碎石底基层试验路施工探讨

近年来我国公路事业迅速发展,水泥稳定碎石作为公路基层常用材料得到广泛应用。然而,如何在施工过程中更好地对水泥稳定碎石加以控制还需要进一步研究。通过多年公路工程施工经验,以主线200m水泥稳定碎石底基层试验段施工为例,论述了路面水泥稳定碎石底基层施工技术要求、工艺流程等。     

阿尔及利亚东西高速公路级配碎石施工技术

结合阿尔及利亚东西高速公路PK227＋000-PK279＋147段级配碎石的施工，从设计、施工工艺和施工组织的角度，探讨了国外高速公路级配碎石施工质量控制过程和控制要点。在遵循国外技术规范下，在施工工艺和检测标准上对比了与国内同类级配碎石施工的不同之处。