钢-ECC组合梁负弯矩区受弯性能试验研究

纤维增强水泥基复合材料（Engineered Cementitious Composite,ECC）具有高延展性以及受拉刚化特点,应用于组合梁桥的负弯矩区时可有效减少桥面板的受拉开裂。完成了2根钢-ECC组合梁和1根钢-混凝土组合梁对比构件在负弯矩作用下的静力加载试验,通过试验研究了不同配筋率的ECC对结构受力性能特别是抗裂性的影响。试验研究表明：在负弯矩作用下,钢-ECC组合梁的刚度较钢-混凝土组合梁明显提高|由于ECC翼板的抗拉作用导致截面中和轴上升,钢梁受压区增大,构件延性有所降低|钢-ECC组合梁可有效提高结构的开裂荷载并减小裂缝宽度,提高配筋率有利于进一步减少ECC翼板的裂缝宽度。提出了钢-ECC组合梁的承载力与开裂荷载的计算方法,提供了挠度分析的方法和裂缝宽度的基本模型。     

Longitudinal shear test on steel-concrete composite beam with two rows of shear studs

为研究带双排栓钉的组合梁的纵向受剪性能,进行了7个带双排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁试件和1个带单排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁对比试件的纵向受剪试验。研究栓钉横向或纵向间距、横向配筋率、混凝土强度、栓钉排布方式等因素对带双排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁纵向受剪性能和混凝土板破坏形态的影响,并分析了各研究参数对峰值荷载和极限滑移量的影响。结果表明：带双排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁试件破坏模式主要表现为“八”字形裂缝的剪切破坏;栓钉横向、纵向间距、混凝土强度以及混凝土板配筋率是影响钢-混凝土组合梁受剪承载力的主要因素;受剪承载力均随着栓钉横向间距、纵向间距、混凝土强度以及混凝土板的横向配筋率的增加而增大。     

Push-out tests on a new shear connector of I-shape

In steel-concrete composite beams, the shear connectors are commonly used to transfer the longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface. This paper summarizes the results of 24 push-out test specimens with a new type of shear connector called “I-shape connector”. The test specimens were designed to study the effect of the following parameters on the ultimate load capacity: the height of I-shape connector, the length of I-shape connector, the compressive strength of concrete and the number of transverse reinforcing bars. The experimental results are presented and discussed, focusing on the failure modes and load-slip behaviour. Finally, the experimental results are compared to the existing design equations to predict the ultimate load capacity of I-shape shear connectors.     

复杂应力状态下抗剪连接件应力在组合梁桥的实验研究

为了研究组合梁在复杂应力状态下抗剪连接件的力学性能,进行了两个布置有不同类型的抗剪连接件的小规模模型测试。这些模型的设计都是基于广州的一座组合梁桥。详细地研究了在相同边界条件下的刚性抗剪连接件模型和弹性抗剪连接件模型的钢筋混凝土交界面的相对滑移的比较分析。在三种不同类型的荷载形式作用下的两种抗剪连接件的反应也进行了比较。模型测试结果表明混凝土的极限承载能力是决定钢筋混凝土交界面上的相对滑移的关键因素而且刚性抗剪连接件和弹性抗剪连接件的区别是非常明显的。这份报告对于组合梁的抗剪连接件的未来研究和设计很有参考价值。     

Numerical study on horizontally curved steel-concrete composite beams subjected to hogging moment

The horizontally curved continuous composite steel-concrete beams, for instance, curved continuous composite bridges, have excellent qualities, such as quick construction, good seismic performance, saving construction formwork and convenience in spatial arrangement etc. At present, the application research of this kind of structures is becoming more of a concern, but very few studies have been conducted to study the mechanical performance of composite beams subjected to combined hogging (negative) bending and torsion. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of curvatures on both elastic and inelastic behaviours of curved continuous steel-concrete composite beams in the interior support regions. Based on the experimental observations in a straight composite beam, a three-dimensional FE model capable of analysing the composite beams subjected to negative bending moment is built. Further numerical studies on curved composite beams with different curvatures are performed in this study. Strength and load carrying capacity, sectional strain distribution and movement of composite neutral axis before and after cracking, as well as the strain results of longitudinal reinforcing bars are investigated. Besides, the interaction equation for ultimate bending and torsional moments is proposed.     

横向配箍率对钢-混凝土组合梁抗震性能的影响

为揭示横向配箍率对组合梁抗震性能的影响规律,对低周反复荷载作用下10榀不同横向配箍率钢-混凝土组合梁进行试验研究,对不同横向配箍率钢-混凝土组合梁的破坏形态、滞回规律、耗能能力、刚度退化规律和延性等抗震性能进行深入分析,观测和记录试验中组合梁的纵向裂缝情况,根据试验研究与分析结果,建议钢-混凝土组合梁正弯矩区横向配箍率在0.5%~0.7%,而负弯矩区的横向配箍率在0.7%~0.8%。     

A comparative study of continuous steel-concrete composite beams prestressed with external tendons: Experimental investigation

A comparative study of prestressed continuous steel-concrete composite beams is carried out based on an experimental investigation. Four full-scale continuous composite beams were tested, among which two were two-span beams and two were three-span beams. One of the two-span beams was a conventional non-prestressed composite beam, and the other was a composite beam prestressed with external tendons in both the positive and negative moment regions. One of the three-span composite beams was non-prestressed, and the other was prestressed only in the negative moment regions with external high-strength tendons. The cracking behaviors, distortional lateral and local buckling as well as the load carrying capacity of the beams were investigated experimentally. Full plasticity was developed at the mid-span section of each beam; however, the maximum moments attained at the internal supports were governed by local buckling, which is related to the slenderness of the composite section. It is found that in hogging moment regions, the ultimate moment resistance of a composite beam prestressed with external tendons is governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or an interactive mode composed of distortional lateral and local buckling. The results show that exerting prestressing on a continuous composite beam with external tendons increases the degree of the internal force and moment redistribution in the beam. A design proposal based on moment redistribution to evaluate the load carrying capacity of continuous composite beams with external tendons is proposed.     

Load carrying capacity of composite beams prestressed with external tendons under positive moment

Tests have been carried out to study the ultimate moment and incremental tendon stress of steel-concrete composite beams prestressed with external tendons under positive moment. It appears that adding prestressing by external tendons of the composite beams can significantly increase the yield load and the ultimate resistance of the beams. The deflection at the serviceability state is also reduced. However, a substantial incremental stress will develop in the tendons at the ultimate state. On the basis of the compatibility of the tendons and the composite beam at the anchorage section, and equilibrium of the internal force, the neutral axis equation of the composite beam section at the ultimate state is derived. The simplified expressions for the ultimate incremental tendon stress related to the ultimate span/deflection value for four typical external tendon cases are developed. The results compare well with the test results and the finite element analysis. A simplified method for predicting the ultimate incremental tendon force and the load carrying capacity of the composite beams prestressed with external tendons is proposed.     

单调荷载作用下高强混凝土梁受弯性能尺寸效应研究

进行了不同截面尺寸高强混凝土梁的弯曲试验,研究了梁高对其受弯性能的影响。试件采用C70高强混凝土,纵向受力钢筋采用HRB400级钢筋。试件截面尺寸不同,截面长宽比、剪跨比和配筋率等参数保持一致。分析了不同截面尺寸对高强混凝土梁的名义开裂弯矩、名义屈服弯矩、名义极限弯矩、延性以及塑性转动能力的影响。研究结果表明,高强混凝土梁的名义开裂弯矩、名义屈服弯矩和名义极限弯矩无明显尺寸效应,而试件的位移延性系数和塑性铰区的塑性转动能力则表现出明显的尺寸效应,随截面尺寸的增大梁的位移延性系数和塑性铰区塑性转动能力有所降低。     

Experimental investigation on inelastic behavior of composite box girder under negative moment

The mechanical behavior of negative bending moment zone in composite girder is very complex. The nonlinear characteristics due to the cracking of concrete slab need careful studies. In this experimental research, two specimens of steel-concrete composite box girder with inclined webs under hogging moment were cautiously conducted and tested. The relative slips between the steel and concrete, load-displacement relationship, the strain distribution of the steel girder, the reinforcements and the concrete slab, and the cracking behavior of the concrete slab were measured during the tests. The relatively small slips on the surfaces between the concrete slab and the top flange of the steel girder showed the full shear connection composite behavior of the girders. The initial cracking load was compared with the calculation results from linear analysis and nonlinear analysis based maximum strain. The strain of the steel web measured at different positions along the vertical direction showed the establishment of plane section assumption and the variation of neutral axis in the loading process. Moreover, shear lag effect was found in the strain distribution of the bottom flanges. The strain of concrete slab and the crack spacing showed the effect of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the cracking behavior of the concrete. The maximum crack width was observed in the loading process and compared with the calculation results according the design codes. The influence of reinforcement ratio on the strain of reinforcement and on the load capacity in serviceability limit state was studied in the context and it was found that the reinforcement ratio play an important role on the crack control of composite girder under hogging moment.     

采用混杂纤维ECC的叠合板#br# 组合梁负弯矩受力性能试验研究

基于一种新型混杂纤维ECC材料研发一种钢 混凝土-ECC组合桥面结构,用于连续组合桥梁的负弯矩区以提升其抗裂性能,可代替其他复杂的工程措施。完成2根钢-混凝土-ECC叠合板组合梁和1根钢-混凝土叠合板组合梁的静力单调加载试验。通过对承载力、刚度与裂缝发展的分析,初步论证混杂纤维ECC用于钢-混凝土组合梁的可行性和优势。试验表明：在纵向受拉钢筋配筋率相等的情况下,采用ECC后浇层的叠合板组合梁在正常使用阶段的承载力略高于对比梁,刚度则高于对比梁且裂缝数量减少、宽度减小;在采用界面拉毛处理后,后浇ECC与混凝土之间的黏结性能良好,界面未出现滑移破坏。基于试验数据和规范方法,提出了含ECC构件的受弯裂缝宽度计算公式,公式计算值与相关试验吻合较好。     

Behavior of composite beams prestressed with external tendons: Experimental study

The paper deals with the failure mechanisms and behavior of composite steel-concrete beams prestressed with external tendons and subjected to positive bending. Experimental tests were carried out on beams with straight and draped tendons as well as on a non-prestressed beam. Six simply supported beams subjected to a positive static bending moment were tested up to failure. The influence of shear connection flexibility was taken into account and slip was measured along the beam axis. Concurrently, push-out specimens were made and tested to determine shear force vs. slip curves. It was found that at the same eccentricity of tendons (draped or straight without saddle points) the tendon shape has no significant effect on the behavior and ultimate resistance of composite steel-concrete beams. It is also shown that steel-concrete bond cohesion can significantly influence the behavior of the shear connection in composite beams. This influence is comparable with the design shear resistance of a single stud connector.     

Behavior of steel-concrete composite cantilever beams with web openings under negative moment

The effect of web openings on the mechanical behavior of composite beams under negative moment was studied through monotonically loading tests. Nonlinear finite element method based analysis was also conducted for cantilever composite beams. The test and the finite element analysis results indicated that the initial cracking loads of composite beams with web opening are lower than that without web opening. The first crack initiated from the concrete slab on the top of the opening. The beams with web opening failed due to shear failure of concrete slab upon the opening. It was also found that the load carrying capacity of beam decreases with the increase of the moment-to-shear ratio at the central line of the opening and the mechanical behavior of beam can be improved significantly by applying stiffening steel plates around the opening. To quantify the reduction of load carrying capacity, a method for calculating the load carrying capacity of beams with web openings under negative moment was derived with consideration of the interaction between moment and shear. Good consistency was obtained between the proposed method, the finite element method and the test results.     

钢箱-混凝土组合梁弯曲性能试验研究

基于当前钢-混凝土组合结构和钢管(方)混凝土结构在用于梁类结构方面存在纵向滑移和受拉区混凝土增加了结构自重等问题,提出了钢箱-混凝土组合截面梁。并通过5根钢箱-混凝土组合梁及2根空钢箱对比梁的模型试验,研究其弯曲性能。试验研究表明:钢箱-混凝土组合梁具有良好的抗弯性能和延性,符合平截面假定,极限承载力提高显著,试验中测试还表明钢箱中的混凝土与钢箱在受弯过程中纵向有明显的相互剪切作用,有利于充分发挥钢与混凝土各自力学性能。     

负弯矩作用下钢-混组合梁的疲劳试验

介绍了钢-混组合梁在负弯矩作用下的疲劳性能。在两个钢-混组合梁结构上分别进行循环荷载下的疲劳试验,并只局限于初始开裂和稳定开裂。试验结果表明,循环荷载与初始荷载相等时,疲劳试验对梁刚度与裂缝形态的影响有限。然而,当循环荷载与稳定开裂荷载相等时,在初始静态试验时产生了大量的残余应力,造成了破裂,且梁的刚度减小而荷载周期增加。中期的静态试验证实了栓钉与周围混凝土的连接失效,栓钉的承载力随着荷载周期的增加而减小。此外,对经过疲劳测试的样本与未经过疲劳测试的样本进行最终的静态测试发现,循环荷载大于初裂荷载时,疲劳试验会降低梁的刚度及极限承载力。     

考虑剪力连接件刚度的钢-混凝土组合梁有限元分析

钢 -混凝土组合梁剪力连接程度是依据截面极限状态的抗弯强度定义的 ,即使是完全抗剪连接 ,组合梁的混凝土板与钢梁之间仍存在滑移。采用有限元分析 ,构造了混凝土板 -连接单元 -钢梁的组合梁有限元计算模型 ,推导了混凝土与钢梁界面有限元连接单元刚度系数 ,分析了不同剪力连接程度组合梁的受力与变形特性 ,研究了剪力连接程度对挠度和混凝土翼缘有效宽度的影响 ,并对照已有的试验数据和相关规范进行分析比较。     

UHPC-T梁抗弯性能试验研究与理论计算

为研究配筋率和预应力对超高性能混凝土T梁(UHPC-T梁)抗弯性能的影响,设计并制作了4根UHPC-T梁与1根普通混凝土T梁,采用三等分点抗弯试验研究了T梁加载破坏的全过程特征,并采用理论公式计算了T梁的开裂弯矩和极限弯矩等关键性能参数。结果表明:配筋率对UHPC-T梁开裂荷载的影响不大; 相同配筋率下,预应力UHPC-T梁的极限承载力约为UHPC-T梁的1.4倍,UHPC-T梁的极限承载力约为普通混凝土T梁的2倍,表明预应力和UHPC均可明显提升T梁的极限承载能力; 与普通混凝土T梁相比,UHPC-T梁裂缝细而密,加载初期最大裂缝宽度发展较慢,裂缝宽度及其数量明显减少; 与UHPC-T梁相比,预应力UHPC-T梁能有效抑制裂缝的生成与发展,表明预应力和UHPC能改善T梁的抗裂性能; 各试验梁跨中正截面混凝土应变与荷载基本呈正比例关系,表明平截面假定同样适用于预应力UHPC-T梁与UHPC-T梁; T梁的理论开裂弯矩和极限弯矩均与相应的试验结果吻合较好,且两者之间的相对误差小于20%,满足工程设计要求。     

内填Y形钢支撑加固多层钢筋混凝土框架结构滞回性能试验研究

为了研究内填Y形钢支撑多层RC框架结构的抗震性能,进行了3榀2层单跨1/2缩尺试件的低周反复荷载试验。分析试件在循环荷载作用下的破坏机理、滞回性能、延性、刚度退化规律以及耗能能力。研究结果表明：应用Y形钢支撑加固RC框架合理可行,Y形钢支撑承担了大部分水平荷载,梁柱连接节点破坏程度较轻;耗能段与混凝土梁的连接构造合理,没有发生破坏;Y形钢支撑破坏,导致结构失效;加载初期,试件荷载 侧向位移比滞回曲线具有一定程度的捏缩,耗能段屈服后,试件滞回曲线相对饱满;试件2层的荷载-层间位移比滞回曲线比1层饱满,2层的侧向变形程度比1层大;楼板的存在增加了框架梁的刚度,减少了梁上的裂缝数量;节点构造对结构抗侧刚度影响较小,对变形能力影响较大;加固震损后的结构,应该考虑结构刚度退化程度。在试验的基础上提出了内填Y形钢支撑的设计方法。     

负弯矩作用下钢-混凝土组合梁受力性能试验研究

通过8根跨度为3.0m和4.2m的钢-混凝土组合梁在负弯矩作用下的受力性能试验,研究了端部弯矩、跨度、H形钢的腹板高厚比、抗剪连接栓钉数量、设置横向加劲肋等因素对组合梁失稳破坏模式、受弯承载力及转动能力的影响。试验结果表明：对两端部作用数值相等的负弯矩工况,组合梁发生畸变失稳,其受弯承载力小于组合梁全截面塑性弯矩,转动能力偏小,而对其他接近实际结构的负弯矩工况,组合梁发生局部失稳或局部与畸变耦合失稳,其受弯承载力大于组合梁全截面塑性弯矩,转动能力较大;随着腹板高厚比减小或者在腹板上设置横向加劲肋,组合梁的受弯承载力和转动能力都有明显提高。     

Experimental study of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams with external tendons for negative moments

Four groups of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams with external tendons in negative moment regions were tested, and the cracking behaviours and the ultimate negative moment resistances of the composite beams were investigated experimentally. It is found that in hogging moment regions, on adding prestressing to the composite beams with external tendons, the cracking resistance of the beams can be effectively increased; however, the incremental internal tendon forces of the prestressed composite beams are rather small, and therefore can be neglected in the evaluation of the negative moment resistance of the beams. In hogging moment regions, the ultimate resistance of a composite beam prestressed with external tendons is governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or an interactive mode composed of the two bucklings. For a beam with a compact section, the negative bending moment can reach the plastic moment when the steel section is fully plastic, and for a non-compact section, the negative bending moment is limited to the yield moment at which the compression steel flange initiates yield. The method for evaluating the buckling resistance of the composite beams is discussed, and a tentative design method based on BS5400: Part 3 is proposed to assess the buckling resistances of the prestressed composite beams.