圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱轴压性能

为研究圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱的轴压性能,考虑了构件千分之一杆长的初弯曲,使用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱精细化有限元分析模型,利用已有试验数据验证有限元模型的合理性与精确性,在此基础上分析了试件的变形模式和承载能力状态,比较短柱、中长柱与长柱性能的不同,得出了圆端形钢管混凝土界限长细比。综合分析了长细比、钢管厚度、混凝土强度、钢材强度、高宽比等参数,提出了圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱极限承载力简化计算公式,并对简化计算公式的准确性进行了验证。结果表明:短柱为强度破坏,中长柱发生弹塑性失稳破坏,长柱发生弹性失稳破坏; 在其他条件相同的情况下,圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱的极限承载力、延性与长细比呈负相关,与钢材强度、钢管厚度呈正相关,混凝土强度的变化对承载力和延性的影响不大; 短柱与中长柱界限长细比λ₀=10～11,中长柱与长柱界限长细比λ_p=86.4～96.0; 与试验数据及有限元计算结果相比,承载力公式具有足够精度,可为圆端形钢管混凝土中长柱研究与工程应用提供理论依据。     

圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土短柱抗震性能试验研究

进行了3个剪跨比为1.5的圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土短柱和1个钢筋混凝土对比试件的拟静力试验研究,试验中的主要参数为轴压比(0.35,0.45和0.55)。试验结果表明：钢筋混凝土短柱的破坏模式为剪切破坏,延性和变形能力很差;圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土短柱的破坏模式为弯曲破坏,延性和变形能力优越。外包钢管对核心混凝土的约束作用限制了核心混凝土的受剪开裂,改变了钢筋混凝土短柱的破坏模式,显著提高了钢筋混凝土短柱的受剪承载力、延性、变形能力和耗能性能。随轴压比的提高,圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土短柱的水平承载力提高,延性系数降低,但轴压比对圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土短柱的极限变形能力无明显影响。对钢管的弹塑性应力分析结果表明：水平荷载施加过程中,钢管并未受剪屈服。根据试验结果建立了圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土短柱的荷载-位移恢复力模型,提出了设计建议,可为工程实践提供参考。图10表2参12     

A new look at reliability of reinforced concrete columns

This paper presents an investigation on reliability of reinforced concrete columns. For short columns, the fiber model is used for generating failure surfaces and strain and stress histories of both steel and concrete fibers under proportional and sequential loads. Two failure criteria, one based on the collection of peak-load points, the other based on prescribed maximum concrete strains are presented. For slender columns, failure surfaces are generated using a method proposed in 1991 by Ba ant et al. (ACI Structural Journal, 1991, 88, 391–401). The reliability estimation of short and slender columns under random loads is formulated by Monte Carlo simulation in the load space. In this space, isoreliability contours for both deterministic and nondeterministic columns under different load paths and load correlations are plotted. It is demonstrated that these factors may have substantial effects on the reliability of reinforced concrete columns. Therefore, the results of this study can be used to support the consideration of load path and load correlation in the development of improved evaluation and design specifications for reinforced concrete columns.     

轴向往复荷载作用下钢管混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为了探究斜交网格结构体系中外筒斜柱的破坏机制,对8个钢管混凝土柱和2个钢管柱试件进行了轴向往复加载试验,研究加载路径、长径比、混凝土强度和含钢率对其抗震性能的影响,分析了钢管混凝土柱的破坏机制、破坏形态和滞回性能,并讨论了钢管与混凝土间的相互作用。结果表明：轴向往复荷载下钢管混凝土柱的破坏均由钢管断裂引起,核心混凝土整体保持完好,只在钢管屈曲处存在混凝土压碎现象;相比于空钢管柱,钢管混凝土柱受拉时混凝土对钢管的支撑作用,以及受压时钢管对混凝土的约束作用,保证了其具有更高的承载力、变形能力和耗能能力;钢管混凝土柱在轴压和轴拉荷载下的抗震性能存在显著差别,在轴拉荷载下具有更好的延性和耗能能力,而在轴压荷载下具有更高的承载力和刚度。钢管混凝土柱屈服后钢管对混凝土的约束作用持续增强,并当钢管纵向应变达到8×10^-3时,不同参数对其约束效应的影响达到最大。     

方钢管约束型钢混凝土短柱抗震性能试验研究

进行了3个剪跨比为1.5的方钢管约束型钢混凝土短柱和1个相同用钢量的型钢混凝土对比试件的拟静力试验研究,试件的主要变化参数为轴压比(0.3,0.4和0.5)。试验结果表明：轴压比为0.3的方钢管约束型钢混凝土柱的破坏模式为弯曲破坏,而轴压比为0.4和0.5的方钢管约束型钢混凝土柱的破坏模式为剪切破坏和粘结破坏相结合。相同用钢量条件下,方钢管约束型钢混凝土短柱的受剪承载力、延性、层间变形能力和耗能性能明显优于型钢混凝土柱。随轴压比的增加,方钢管约束型钢混凝土短柱的受剪承载力提高,但延性和极限变形能力降低。对钢管的弹塑性应力分析结果表明：水平荷载施加过程中,发生弯曲破坏试件的钢管不屈服,而发生剪切破坏试件的钢管在下降段屈服。图8表2参13     

区域约束混凝土轴心受压矩形柱受力性能研究

在试验研究基础上对区域约束混凝土(RCC)轴心受压矩形柱与复合约束混凝土(NCC)矩形柱进行了对比分析,在同等配箍率情况下,在箍筋屈服以前,区域约束混凝土的约束效率经初步推断可提高约50%,峰值前的区域约束混凝土柱应力应变关系更接近于线性;随着荷载的增加,复合约束混凝土柱截面向圆形过渡,核心区内角部混凝土部分脱落,矩形方箍有应力松弛现象,而区域约束混凝土柱始终保持截面为矩形,箍筋的应力一直保持持续增长,受力均匀;区域约束混凝土柱破坏形态也与复合约束混凝土柱完全不同,在承载力下降段,当复合混凝土柱以剪压形式破坏时,区域约束混凝土柱沿中间弱约束处分成细长的小柱,经过很大的变形后,小柱仍然保持很好的完整性,柱的残余承载力在40%以上,预计这种特点将会对结构的抗震性能产生良好的影响.     

钢筋混凝土异形柱抗震性能的试验研究

通过对4根钢筋混凝土T形和4根L形柱的试验研究,分析了试件的破坏形式、承载力、刚度、延性及耗能能力,得出试件滞回曲线具有明显不对称特征.深入研究了肢宽厚比、轴压比和柱的截面形式对试件各项性能的影响,得出肢宽厚对试件的承载能力、延性系数的影响最大,而三因素对试件耗能的影响程度随加载方向和加载阶段而变化.通过对试验结果分析,提出异形柱的单自由度体系恢复力模型,为进一步研究异形柱的抗震性能提供了依据.     

Calculation of axial bearing capacity of recycled concrete filled square steel tube-profile steel short columns based on unified strength theory

为研究方钢管型钢再生混凝土短柱轴心受压性能,进行了11根短柱试件轴心受压试验,观察短柱的破坏过程及破坏形态,分析再生粗骨料取代率、方钢管宽厚比、型钢配钢率及再生混凝土强度等参数对短柱轴压性能的影响,研究结果表明：在轴向压力作用下,型钢先发生屈服,随后内部再生混凝土压溃,最后外部方钢管发生鼓曲变形而破坏;轴压承载力随着再生粗骨料取代率的增大而降低;提高再生混凝土强度对轴压承载力有利,但试件变形能力降低;适当减小方钢管宽厚比和增大型钢配钢率对提高试件的轴压性能有利,总体上,该组合柱具有较高的承载力和良好的变形能力。在此基础上,基于统一强度理论对该短柱轴压承载力进行理论分析,考虑再生粗骨料取代率的影响,提出了方钢管型钢再生混凝土短柱轴压承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,表明统一强度理论可用于该短柱轴压承载力计算。     

Seismic behavior and shear strength of tubed RC short columns

Reinforced concrete (RC) short columns are vulnerable to brittle shear failure during an earthquake. The objective of this research is to evaluate the performance enhancement of RC short columns tubed with circular or square tubes. Eight short columns were tested under combined constant axial load and cyclic lateral load. The tested specimens included three circular tubed RC (CTRC) columns and three square tubed RC (STRC) columns. Two common RC short columns including one circular RC column and one square RC column were also tested as control specimens. The test results indicated that common RC short columns suffered brittle shear failure with little ductility, while the ductility of tubed RC short columns was excellent due to the effective confinement of the outer thin tube to the core concrete. The lateral load strength of CTRC short columns increases with the increasing of axial load ratio, while the axial load ratio has little effect on the plastic deformation capacity of CTRC short columns. The shear strength increases with increasing of axial load ratio, while the plastic deformation capacity decreases with increasing of axial load ratio for STRC short columns. A circular tube prevents the core concrete from shear failure more effectively than a square tube for the tubed RC short columns. A modified ACI design method is adopted to calculate the nominal shear strength of STRC columns as well as CTRC columns based on the test and analysis results.     

不同设计配筋下大偏压RC柱承载力抗震可靠度

为研究偏心距随机特性对不同设计配筋下RC柱承载力抗震可靠度的影响规律,采用解析方法,推导了以多个无量纲化设计参数表达的大偏压RC柱失效方程和配筋影响系数计算式。考虑规范中的柱配筋率要求,分析了荷载效应比值等设计参数在常用取值范围内时配筋影响系数的变化规律。结合已有的水平地震作用、竖向重力荷载、混凝土强度和钢筋强度等参数的概率模型,并考虑偏心距的随机特性,采用Monte Carlo方法进行了大偏压RC柱可靠度分析。结果表明:不同设计参数组合下大偏压RC柱配筋影响系数的变化离散性较大;当配筋影响系数较小时,增加配筋对大偏压RC柱可靠指标的改善作用不大;当该系数较大时,增加配筋对可靠指标的提升效果较明显。     

钢管超高强混凝土长柱及偏压柱的性能与极限承载能力的研究

本文报导了钢管超高强混凝土长柱和偏压柱的试验研究工作。长柱试验研究结果表明,钢管超高强混凝土长柱的承载能力和极限纵向变形率随长细比Ｌｅ／ Ｄ的增大而下降,在所研究的 Ｌｅ／ Ｄ范围内,所有的钢管超高强混凝土长柱都有一定的延性,但延性随Ｌｅ／Ｄ的增大而降低。普通钢管混凝土长柱的承载能力考虑长细比影响的折减系数计算公式也适用于钢管超高强混凝土长柱。偏压柱试验研究结果表明,在偏心率为０．２２～０．６５范围内,加载后所有偏压柱试件横向无明显的外形变化。在相同的长细比下,随着偏心率的增加,试件的承载能力降低,极限纵向变形率降低,但总体来说,偏压短柱的纵向变形率比轴压短柱的极限应变要大一些。在相同的偏心率下,长细比越大,试件的承载能力和纵向变形率也越低。钢管超高强混凝土耐偏压能力等于或优于普通钢管混凝土偏压柱。经过适当修正的普通钢管混凝土偏心率折减系数可以用于钢管超高强混凝土偏压柱承载能力计算。     

Restrained composite columns in uniaxial bending

The strength and behaviour of about 250 encased I-section columns, braced against sidesway and under uniaxial bending, have been presented. The cases studied cover the practical range of end eccentricity, stiffness of rotational end restrains (assumed elastic), slenderness and concrete cover, and include symetrical as well as asymmetrical arrangements of eccentricities and restraints, and major and minor axis bending cases. The columns are analysed by computer using a new iterative technique based on Newmark's integration procedure. Typical curves are presented showing the variation with load of the support and maximum moments, central deflection and strains at critical section. In almost all cases the peak load is reached when material failure occurs. The failure loads for columns under asymmetrical bending and with large effective end eccentricity are found to increase with slenderness, contrary to expectation. Because of material non-linearity, support moments in slender columns become negative at failure and moments throughout the length of certain short columns reverse. The paper also discusses the likely error in the computed strength due to the assumption of reversibility of the materials stress-strain curves.     

预应力CFRP布加固负载混凝土柱轴心受压性能研究

为开展轴心压力作用下预应力碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）布加固负载圆形截面混凝土短柱力学性能研究,设计制作了11根圆形截面混凝土短柱,其中1根普通混凝土柱为对比柱,其余10根混凝土柱在负载与非负载2种情况下分别利用预应力CFRP布或非预应力CFRP布进行加固。通过轴心加载试验,获得了各试件极限荷载、轴向变形、材料应力变化等试验数据。基于试验数据分析了试件轴心压力作用下的力学性能。结果表明:与普通混凝土柱相比,利用预应力CFRP布加固的负载混凝土柱在二次受力过程中其屈服荷载有显著提高,且提高幅度与CFRP布预应力水平成正比,但极限承载力与CFRP布的预应力水平无关;利用预应力CFRP布加固的负载混凝土柱延性性能有显著提高。     

轴心受压双钢管混凝土短柱正截面受压承载力理论分析及试验研究

研究了由同心设置的内、外圆钢管构成的轴心受压双钢管混凝土短柱正截面受压承载力,分析了单钢管混凝土柱与双钢管混凝土柱的受力机理,并根据纤维模型法原理,采用适用于钢管混凝土受力特性的钢材与混凝土材料本构关系,给出了轴心受压双钢管混凝土短柱的荷载-位移全过程数值分析和正截面承载力计算公式。进行了5个双钢管混凝土短柱的轴心受压试验,验证理论分析的正确性。理论分析与试验研究表明:轴心受压双钢管混凝土短柱与单钢管混凝土柱的受力全过程都可以分为弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和破坏阶段。双钢管混凝土短柱的破坏形态为腰鼓形,其外层混凝土的工作性能与单钢管中的混凝土大致相同,但内钢管中的内层混凝土受到的约束效应较大,且不是内、外钢管对它的约束效应的叠加,因此对内层混凝土约束效应的确定是计算承载力的关键。通过与相同含钢率的轴心受压单钢管混凝土短柱受力过程的对比得出:双钢管混凝土柱的承载力明显高于单钢管混凝土柱,且具有非常好的延性和整体     

钢板笼混凝土短柱抗震性能试验研究

地震作用下的建筑物或构筑物的混凝土短柱易发生脆性破坏,引起结构的严重破坏甚至倒塌;钢板笼混凝土（PCS）是混凝土结构体系的一个重要补充,研究PCS短柱的抗震性能对PCS结构体系的科学研究和工程运用具有重要的参考意义。通过对7个PCS短柱以及1个RC短柱对比件进行低周反复荷载试验,研究板厚、轴压比和横向钢板条间距对试件的破坏形态、滞回性能、骨架曲线、承载力、延性、耗能性能以及刚度与承载力退化的影响,并对其进行累积损伤分析。研究结果表明：试件均发生剪切脆性破坏,PCS试件中横向钢板条易断裂,但相比于RC试件短柱,其耗能能力、承载力及延性均有明显的提高;试件横向钢板条间距减小,有利于发挥PCS短柱的受剪性能,表现出较好的延性和耗能能力;PCS试件的承载力先随板厚的增大而增大,但当板厚增大到界限值后,受剪承载力反而下降;采用基于能量耗散原理和试件在低周反复荷载作用下的P-Δ滞回曲线所建立的累积损伤评价模型,能较真实地反映在低周反复荷载作用下PCS试件的累积损伤状态。     

钢管陶粒混凝土短柱火灾后承载力及力学性能的试验研究

通过对4组10根钢管陶粒混凝土短柱受火后性能的对比试验研究,讨论不同参数的钢管陶粒混凝土短柱受火后的剩余承载力和破坏形态的变化。基于试验结果讨论火灾炉试验保持最高温度、截面尺寸、试件长细比及混凝土配合比等参数对轻骨料钢管混凝土短柱承载力和延性的影响。结果表明,以轻质材料——陶粒为粗骨料制成的钢管混凝土短柱,受火后仍然具有较高的承载力和良好的延性,且火灾后多数试件的荷载-位移曲线并没有出现下降段。最高炉温对钢管陶粒混凝土短柱火灾后承载力的影响程度与试件自身特征参数有关,主要影响参数为混凝土配合比、试件长细比及截面尺寸等;随着混凝土水灰比的增大,轻骨料钢管混凝土短柱火灾后承载力下降更为明显。     

Crushing and flexural strength of slab-column joints

In multi-storey buildings, columns are usually not continuous through the slabs to enhance ease of construction. Consequently, in slab-column joints, slabs have to carry column loads in addition to the shear and bending moments due to loads applied to the slab. In most cases, when high strength concrete is used for the columns and normal strength concrete for the slabs, compression stresses at the support areas of the inner columns exceed the uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete of the slab. Due to this reason, most current details for such regions reinforce the concrete of the slab between columns to ensure load transfer. Typically, this is achieved by linking top and bottom columns with reinforcement. Sometimes, it is also needed to incorporate special load transfer devices. This latter solution is however relatively complicated and expensive.In this paper, the crushing and flexural strength of slab-column joints is investigated accounting for an increase of the compressive strength of the failure region (concrete between columns) due to confinement stresses provided by the flexural reinforcement of the slab. The results of an experimental programme on 6 full-scale slabs (250 mm thick) are presented showing that flexural reinforcement of a slab significantly increases the crushing strength of slab-column joints. This allows ensuring load transfer without incorporating special devices or even without linking top and bottom column reinforcement for a wide range of cases leading potentially to more economic designs. An analytical approach, grounded on the theory of plasticity, is also presented allowing one to determine a failure criterion for such regions. This approach, which can also be used for design purposes, leads to an excellent correlation with test results.     

An experimental behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular columns

In this paper results of tests conducted on 27 concrete-filled steel tubular columns are reported. The test parameters were the column slenderness, the load eccentricity covering axially and eccentrically loaded columns with single or double curvature bending and the compressive strength of the concrete core. The test results demonstrate the influence of these parameters on the strength and behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular columns. A comparison of experimental failure loads with the predicted failure loads in accordance with the method described in Eurocode 4 Part 1.1 showed good agreement for axially and eccentrically loaded columns with single curvature bending whereas for columns with double curvature bending the Eurocode loads were higher and on the unsafe side. More tests are needed for the case of double curvature bending.     

碳纤维布加固柱抗震性能试验研究

为了研究加固混凝土柱的有效方法,实验设计了4根RC柱在低周水平反复荷载作用下的抗震性能研究,研究的主要参数为轴压比和预裂裂缝宽度,试验结果表明：当轴压比相同时,受损较严重的柱经加固,可以与受损较轻的柱具有基本相同的承载力;当预裂裂缝宽度相同时,轴压比越大,碳纤维布加固混凝土柱极限承载力提高幅度更显著,小轴压比加固柱位移延性系数提高更加明显。     

高轴压比PVA纤维超高强混凝土短柱延性的试验研究

试验旨在研究在较高轴压比条件下,高弹模PVA纤维对超高强混凝土短柱抗震延性的改善作用。制作剪跨比为2.0的短柱试件,强度为103.6～112.1MPa,PVA纤维的体积含纤率分别为0.17%、0.33%、0.5%。采用简支梁加载图式进行低周反复荷载试验。观测试件在荷载作用下的开裂和破坏的发展过程,研究不同PVA纤维含量短柱的破坏形态、滞回特性,得到短柱的开裂荷载和峰值荷载。试验结果表明:未掺PVA纤维的试件,在高轴压作用下,发生脆性特征明显的剪切破坏,延性很差。随着PVA纤维含量的增加,试件的破坏形态向具有一定延性特征的弯剪破坏转变,并且开裂荷载和峰值荷载得到大大提高,提高的幅度分别为12.8%～31.1%、13.2%～29.9%;同时抗震延性得到大大改善,位移延性和极限弹塑性位移角分别增加了19.5%～33.6%、42.3%～53.8%。最后给出满足一定位移延性和极限弹塑性位移角的抗震设计要求的最小PVA纤维体积含纤率的建议值。