R410A与R22在家用空调中的应用比较(2)

本文部分（2）利用Bin参数分析法对R410A与R22空调的全年运行耗电进行计算，采用寿命期气候性能（LCCP）指标对R410A与R22的温室效应总体影响进行考查，同时对R410A与R22空调的生产成本进行比较。结果表明R410A空调由于运行效率高，在使用过程中可以显著节约耗电和运行费用，而且随着原材料价格的上涨和R410A压缩机生产能力的扩大，R410A与R22空调具有相近的生产成本；同时，通过减小温室间接效应以及空调的制冷剂充灌量或泄露量，与R22相比，R410A反而还会有利于降低对气候变暖的影响。     

R32、R22、R410A风冷空调机性能实验研究

针对R32、R22、R410A风冷单元式空调机性能进行了实验研究。研究发现,三种工质中,由于R32单位容积制冷剂制冷量最大,导致R32空调机其机组制冷量最大;同R22和R410A风冷单元式空调机相比,R32机组排气温度最高,但仍在压缩机排气温度使用极限温度之内;相同室内外空气温度下,R32和R410A空调机的冷凝压力基本相同,约为R22空调机组冷凝压力的1.6倍,但本文配置的两器铜管壁厚能够保证系统安全可靠运行;采用相同的换热器配置时,采用R32作为制冷剂的机组COP略低于R410A机组,但基本等于R22机组。     

R410A的使用状况和进入国际市场的动态

本文是有关介绍新型制冷剂专题的系列文章之三。第1篇文章回顾了R410A的发展史，介绍了R410A如何成为空调系统的新宠。第2篇文章详细阐述了R410A的特点，并与其他制冷剂作了比较。本文将着重分析R410A在几大主要的国际市场中的现状及未来的发展趋势。1日本市场我们首先介绍的是最快转向R410A的日本市场。出于压力容器调节和安全考虑，日本对大型空调系统使用R410A的态度一直十分小心谨慎。在使用R407C还是R410A的问题上，一度产生分歧。R410A最早使用于小于2P的小型空调中。之后小型空调市场迅速转化为使用R410A，市场占有率超过95…     

环保工质R32替代R22理论分析和测试

通过理论热工性能分析,以及从环保及安全的角度,讨论了制冷剂R32替代R22的优势。在相同的环境下以及同一种型号的水冷柜式空调上,对使用R22、R32和R410A的空调机进行了对比实验测试,进一步认证了替代的可行性。同时指出,只要能够通过采取一系列技术措施解决R32的高排气压力、高排气温度和微燃性问题,那么R32就可以作为R22的替代制冷剂。     

R32用于喷气增焓热泵热水器中可行性研究

理论分析了R32作为空气源热泵热水器制冷剂的可行性,并设计搭建带有喷气增焓装置的实验系统,分别充注R32和R410A制冷剂进行性能对比测试。实验结果表明:对于本实验系统R410A的最佳充注量为1.4 kg,R32的最佳充注量比R410A减少约25%,且名义工况下R32热泵系统的COP要高出R410A热泵系统约4.2%;低温工况下,采用双级压缩系统的压缩比最高在3左右,有效缓解了常规热泵系统低温工况下压缩比过高的问题;低温工况下,R32热泵系统的COP明显高于R410A热泵系统。     

汽车空调制冷剂R134a代替R12的研究

通过对R134a与R12两种制冷剂性质的对比,分析了R134a代替R12后对空调系统产生的影响以及系统作出的相应改变,指出R134a具有作为汽车空调制冷剂应具备的各种热工性能、安全性和环境性能等条件,总结出R134a代替R12的可行性与必要性。     

采用替代工质的空气源热泵性能试验研究

测试了热泵系统在典型空调工况下采用R22的替代工质R134a,R404A,R407C时的制热量、功耗和COP。结果表明R407C的性能与R22比较接近,是R22比较理想的替代工质。     

不同热泵工质低温制热性能的比较

基于某品牌的涡旋压缩机搭建了实验装置。在蒸发温度为-25~0℃、冷凝温度为45℃的工况下,分别测试了R22,R134a,R410A,R1234ze,R1234yf在单级系统和补气系统中的性能。结果发现:R410A的制热量最大,R1234yf的排气温度最低,R1234ze的制热COP最大;相比单级系统,虽然补气系统压缩机功率略有增大,但可明显降低压缩机排气温度、提高制热量,制热COP最大提升29.3%。     

过热度对翅片管蒸发器性能影响的模拟研究

利用EVAP-COND软件对三排管翅片管蒸发器进行模拟计算。选取3种制冷剂R22、R134a和R410A,4种不同的流路布置方式,分别计算不同制冷剂出口过热度下蒸发器的总换热量,对模拟结果进行分析对比,研究出口过热度对翅片管蒸发器换热性能的影响,得出有利于指导蒸发器优化设计的结论。蒸发器出口制冷剂过热度越大,制冷量越小;设计的4种流路布置方案中第二种方案最为合理;制冷剂R410A换热性能最佳,可以替代R22。     

五棵松棒球场空调设计分析

五棵松棒球场是2008年奥运会棒球比赛场地,其空调系统采用数码涡旋多联机组,冷媒为环保的R410A。     

Theoretical study of R32 to replace R410A in variable refrigerant flow systems

In recent years, global warming has reached critical levels and this has caused a gradual decrease in the use of refrigerants. In the 1997 Kyoto Conference, it was announced that after 2011, use of refrigerants which have higher global warming potential (GWP) of 150 will be restricted. Hence, it was foreseen that R410A, with a GWP of 2088, which has been used in residential heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems, will be prohibited in the near future. This study investigates the thermodynamic performance using R32, which is a potential alternative because of its low GWP, and R410A in variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems. As a result of theoretical analysis, it was observed that the coefficient of performance of R32 is 5% higher in heating mode and 6% higher in cooling mode than that of R410A. Considering all of this, it was confirmed that R32 can be used in VRF systems as a replacement for R410A in terms of performance.     

空调常用制冷剂在微通道蒸发器中的性能分析

通过换热器优化软件设计了一款微通道平行流蒸发器模型,利用已验证的传热与压降关联式,在不同的模拟工况下研究分析了R22、R290(propane)、R134a、R410A、R1234yf在蒸发器模型中的传热与流动性能。结果表明:在质量流量一定的条件下,R290的换热量远高于其他制冷剂,是R22的1.63倍,R410A的换热量与R22相差无几,换热量最小的制冷剂为R1234yf;R290的充注量为147 g,仅为R22的72.4%,R134a的充注量最大,达到了221 g;制冷剂侧压降损失最大的R290,压降损失达到了75.4 k Pa。在理论换热量一定、质量流量不定的条件下,换热量最大的制冷剂是R134a,达到了8 500 W;充注量和制冷剂侧压降损失最小的制冷剂为R290,并且其换热量达到了8 230.4 W。     

Performance of a new refrigeration cycle using refrigerant mixture R32/R134a for residential air-conditioner applications

In this paper, a new refrigeration cycle (NRC) using the binary non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture R32/R134a is presented, which can be an alternative refrigeration cycle applied in residential air-conditioner. In the NRC, refrigerant circuit of the evaporator is separated into two branches. Because the non-azeotropic mixture has the characteristic of temperature glide, an important benefit of such configuration is that the Lorentz cycle can be realized. Compared with that of conventional cycle configuration, the new cycle efficiency can be improved. The calculating results show that, in the conventional refrigeration cycle (CRC), the mixture R32/R134a has a close performance to that is obtainable with pure refrigerant R22. However, the mixture R32/R134a in the NRC will result in a better performance. The maximal COP can be improved in a range of 8–9% over that of the CRC, and the volumetric refrigerating capacity can be approximately increased by 9.5%.     

替换R290的热泵型空调器供暖实验研究

为探讨热泵型空调器更换R290后的供暖特性,在重庆地区开展了供暖工况下充注R290空调器与原R22空调器的对比实验,测试了空调器的送回风温湿度、耗电量、风量等数据。研究了两组空调器的送回风温湿度差异及与室外温度变化的关系,比较了2台空调供热量、耗电功率及COP等数据。结果表明:在重庆地区热泵型空调中替代充注R290后,空调器制热效果良好,室内空气温湿度与原空调器处理的空气温湿度较为接近;但由于制冷剂质量流量减小,平均供热量降低14.6%;尽管COP整体降低了7.5%,但在运行稳定后COP能接近原空调器。     

Use of nanoparticles to make mineral oil lubricants feasible for use in a residential air conditioner employing hydro-fluorocarbons refrigerants

The application of nano-fluids in refrigerating systems is considered to be a potential way to improve the energy efficiency and reliability of HVAC&R facilities and to make economic the use of environment-friendly refrigerants. In this paper, we report a method that uses nanoparticles to enhance the energy efficiency of retrofitted residential air conditioners (RAC) employing HFCs as alternative refrigerants. The reliability and performance of RAC with nanoparticles in the working fluid have been investigated experimentally. A new mineral-based nano-refrigeration oil (MNRO), formed by blending some nanoparticles (NiFe₂O₄) into naphthene based oil B32, was employed in the RAC using R410a as refrigerant. A method showing how to disperse the NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in the mineral oil refrigeration lubricants is presented together with an investigation of their stability. The solubilities of the new MNRO in R134a, R407C, R410a and R425a were measured. The performances of the RAC, such as the cooling/heating capacity, the power input and the energy efficiency ratio, were determined. The results indicate that the mixture of R410a/MNRO works normally in the RAC. The cooling/heating EER of the RAC increased about 6% by replacing the Polyol-Easter oil VG 32 lubricant with MNRO.     

变频准二级压缩空气源热泵的低温性能优化实验研究

为了提高空气源热泵的低温适应性,采用共沸工质R410a、变频压缩机和带经济器的补气增焓技术,通过在焓差实验室不同环境温度、不同频率、不同进水温度下运行特点实验验证新型热泵在大负荷和低气温条件下可靠运行,得出机组运行性能曲线并分析原因,为低温型热泵在华北乃至东北市场广泛应用带来积极作用。     

全国暖通空调制冷2004年学术年会综述

介绍了本届年会概况，综合了年会各专题交流会的讨论小结，分别介绍了地板辐射供暖技术、供暖热计量、供暖新技术、生物安全与生物洁净、建筑能耗模拟、风系统与水系统的变频节能、住宅空调、热回收、区域供热供冷、大地耦合热泵系统、异井回灌热泵系统、同井回灌热泵系统等方面专题交流形成的意见。