HX聚羧酸系减水剂性能研究

在2000L反应釜中,由工业级甲基丙烯酸、聚乙二醇单甲醚、催化剂、阻聚剂合成大单体,然后再与单体AP、甲基丙烯酸共聚合成HX聚羧酸混凝土减水剂,并对HX聚羧酸减水剂进行水泥混凝土性能试验.试验结果表明:工艺合成的HX聚羧酸减水剂质量稳定,碱含量低,具有高减水率,掺量1%减水率可达到27.5%,优于进口聚羧酸减水剂、国产PC;与萘系减水剂相比,HX聚羧酸减水剂可以明显降低混凝土成本0.5～4.5元/m3.     

高性能减缩型聚羧酸减水剂的合成及性能研究

合成具有高减水率,同时能明显减小混凝土收缩的聚羧酸减水剂,对于提高混凝土结构的耐久性具有重要意义。通过聚合与酯化反应,在普通聚羧酸减水剂分子的主链上接枝一种减缩基团,制得减缩型聚羧酸减水剂(SRPCE),并分析对比普通聚羧酸减水剂和合成减水剂SRPCE对水泥基材料收缩性能的影响。试验结果表明,减水剂SRPCE的分散性和减缩性佳、减水率高,综合性能优异。     

聚羧酸高性能减水剂的作用机理分析及工程应用

聚羧酸系高效减水剂较其他减水剂而言具有一系列优点,在混凝土工程领域中应用十分广泛。为了解释聚羧酸系减水剂的高减水率以及工程应用中存在问题,文章分析了聚羧酸系减水剂的作用机理和减水效果影响因素以及总结了亟需解决的技术问题。     

聚羧酸系减水剂与萘系减水剂的性能比较

通过外加剂的匀质性试验、胶砂强度与收缩性能试验以及混凝土性能试验,对聚羧酸系减水剂与萘系减水剂的性能进行了对比。研究表明,与萘系减水剂相比,聚羧酸系减水剂在低掺量的条件下,不但有着更高的减水率,而且保塑能力强;所配制的胶砂及混凝土的强度增长显著,低收缩、体积稳定性好。该系列减水剂在厦门嵩屿2#泊位码头胸墙面层的混凝土工程中的应用取得了良好的效果。聚羧酸系减水剂特别适合高强混凝土、高性能混凝土、自密实混凝土、清水混凝土、大体积混凝土以及预制混凝土工程。     

一种聚羧酸系高效减水剂的试验研究

主要研究以烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚、丙烯酸、马来酸酐和甲基丙烯磺酸钠为主要原料的聚羧酸系减水剂的合成工艺,探讨了影响减水剂性能的各种因素,得到最佳工艺条件,并对减水剂的性能进行测试。结果表明,该聚羧酸减水剂具有低掺量、高分散性、高减水率等特点。在掺量为0.25%时,初始水泥净浆流动度达310 mm,减水率高达30.5%,混凝土的抗压强度得到大幅度的提高,适宜配制高性能混凝土。     

聚羧酸盐系高性能减水剂研究进展及评述

聚羧酸盐系高性能减水剂是当今混凝土外加剂研究中较为前沿的课题之一,该类减水剂具有低掺量、高减水率、抑制坍落度经时损失等特点.阐述了聚羧酸盐系高效减水剂的国内外研究现状、结构性能、合成方法、对混凝土的作用机理及其在工程中的应用,并对其研究进行了评述.     

聚羧酸-木质素复合型外加剂的研制

国家标准《混凝土外加剂》GB 8076—2008及上海市工程建设规范《预拌混凝土生产技术规程》DG/TJ 08—227—2009实施后,原先在中低标号混凝土中普遍使用的木质素磺酸盐减水剂由于其减水率小、混凝土抗压强度比低等弱点,很难满足该标准的要求。为此,利用聚羧酸减水剂及木质素减水剂为主要原料,通过复配,研制出一种新的聚羧酸-木质素复合型外加剂。该外加剂具有低成本、高减水率、工艺简单、质量易控制、成本合理以及减少环境污染的特点,可广泛应用于工业与民用建筑、水利、道路交通、核电工程等领域。     

高保坍型聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的研制及性能

研究开发了一种高保坍型聚羧酸系高性能减水剂,能够有效减小新拌混凝土坍落度损失。通过混凝土试验表明,合成的高保坍型聚羧酸系高性能减水剂TB在低掺量下即具有优异的坍落度保持性能,水泥适应性好,在中、小坍落度混凝土中使用依然具有良好的保坍性能,但减水率略低于普通聚羧酸系减水剂,两者复掺使用则综合性能良好。     

聚羧酸系减水剂与萘系减水剂对比试验研究

本文主要介绍聚羧酸系减水剂与萘系减水剂的作用机理,并通过对天津双龙外加剂厂生产的聚羧酸系减水剂与萘系减水剂的对比试验,研究两种减水剂的性能特点与应用范围,分析其技术经济效益。研究结果表明聚羧酸减水剂具有更好的水泥适应性、高减水率、混凝土坍落度经时损失小、早期强度高,更适合配制低水灰比的高强度等级混凝土;而传统萘系减水剂稳定性佳、容易控制、适合配制中低强度等级混凝土。     

聚羧酸缓凝减水剂分子结构对建筑石膏性能的影响

研究了线型聚羧酸减水剂(PC-1)和梳型聚羧酸减水剂(PC-2)对建筑石膏分散、凝结时间、强度、吸附量、表面Zeta电位、离子浓度和微观晶型的影响。实验结果表明,PC-1具有较高的吸附量、Zeta电位绝对值和较明显的缓凝作用,而PC-2具有较高的减水率和强度。PC-1主要是通过高静电斥力产生分散作用,而PC-2的空间刚性结构和静电斥力造就了较高的减水率;聚羧酸类减水剂主要通过抑制二水石膏晶体生成来延长凝结时间;石膏试块强度受减水剂的减水率和石膏微观晶型共同影响。     

铁路隧道渗漏水整治方法

本文针对温福铁路溪尾隧道渗漏水情况进行分析,结合施工情况,对渗漏水整治施工所取得良好的效果进行经验总结。     

建筑消防水池补水量的合理估算

结合进水浮球阀推荐压力一流量参数并通过工程实例 ,探讨了建筑消防水池补水量的合理估算     

Transport of C-labelled PCB compounds from sediment to water and from water to air in laboratory model systems

Tetra-, hexa- and octachlorobiphenyls were added to aquatic model systems composed of undisturbed sediment cores with an overlying water phase. Using impactor plates transport of the compounds from sediment to air was observed. About one per cent of the sediment-bound PCBs recovered in the systems left the water by jet drops from bursting bubbles. The transport of PCBs from the sediment to the air was nearly constant over time, with a transport rate of 0.62 μg · dm⁻² week⁻¹ for tetrachlorobiphenyl. Tetrachlorobiphenyl was mobile in systems with and without macroinvertebrates and in those fixed with HgCl₂. Hexa- and octachlorobiphenyls were transported from sediment to water mainly by bioturbation processes. The two latter substances had a higher adsorption to particles than tetrachlorobiphenyl. Compared to tetrachlorobiphenyl, more hexa- and octachlorobiphenyls accumulated in chironomids and tubificids.     

Disinfection by-products in filter backwash water: Implications to water quality in recycle designs

The overall purpose of this research was to investigate disinfection by-product (DBP) concentrations and formation potential in filter backwash water (FBWW) and evaluate at bench-scale the potential impact of untreated FBWW recycle on water quality in conventional drinking water treatment. Two chlorinated organic compound groups of DBPs currently regulated in North America were evaluated, specifically trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). FBWW samples were collected from four conventional filtration water treatment plants (WTP) in Nova Scotia, Canada, in three separate sampling and plant audit campaigns. THM and HAA formation potential tests demonstrated that the particulate organic material contained within FBWW is available for reaction with chlorine to form DBPs. The results of the study found higher concentrations of TTHMs and HAA9s in FBWW samples from two of the plants that target a higher free chlorine residual in the wash water used to clean the filters (e.g., clearwell) compared to the other two plants that target a lower clear well free chlorine residual concentration. Bench-scale experiments showed that FBWW storage time and conditions can impact TTHM concentrations in these waste streams, suggesting that optimization opportunities exist to reduce TTHM concentrations in FBWW recycle streams prior to blending with raw water. However, mass balance calculations demonstrated that FBWW recycle practice by blending 10% untreated FBWW with raw water prior to coagulation did not impact DBP concentrations introduced to the rapid mix stage of a plant’s treatment train.     

Developments in biotechnology of relevance to drinking water preparation

This paper discusses strategies to increase the feasibility of microorganisms for the removal of toxic xenobiotics from waste water and drinking water. Based on the principles of adaptational mutations and genetic exchange of catabolic activities, it becomes possible to select and engineer microorganisms that are suitable for the degradation of recalcitrant compounds. The detailed biochemical knowledge that is required for this is now rapidly evolving, and especially for the degradation of chlorinated organics several detoxifying dehalogenation mechanisms have been studied in detail. The feasibility of specialized bacteria for waste and water treatment will be dependent on the possibility to obtain stable performance and maintenance in treatment systems.     

隧道施工废水对地表水环境的影响

根据对某两条铁路隧道的水质监测,分析了隧道施工废水对地表水环境的影响,得出主要污染物质为悬浮物（SS）,其对地表水环境的物理性质方面产生较大的影响,并提出废水处理措施,以确保隧道施工安全。     

地下工程突水的断裂变形活化导水机制

断层突水事故中,大多是原始地质条件下的非导水断层在采动影响下发生突水。借助数值模拟,并结合大量工程事例分析,对断裂变形活化与导水机制进行了分析。研究发现,断裂变形活化与导水具有明显的时空效应。对时空效应的充分认识可为科学的工程设计和施工组织以及有效的超前探测和工程监测提供依据。     

连通器和混水器在一二次水系统中的应用

用直接连接方式划分热源（或冷源）侧一次水和负荷侧二次水的供暖或空调水系统，需要采用连通器或混水器。介绍了连通器和混水器在工程中的应用。     

机车用水井改生活饮用水井的可行性探讨

针对石家庄南火车站三口机车用水井的水污染现状,对水的细菌总数和大肠菌群超标、嗅和味以及硬度等方面的治理措施进行了阐述,验证了机车用水井改生活饮用水井的可行性。