旋风器中两相流场粉尘粒度分布测试及粉尘分离过程分析

本文介绍了旋风除尘器内粉尘粒度分布场的试验成果,并结合旋风器的流速场、浓度场、粒度分市场分析了粉尘在旋风器内的分离过程,提出了旋风器设计时注意的某些问题。     

低密度聚乙烯粉尘云爆炸敏感性实验

借助Godbert-Greenwald恒温炉、1.2 L Hartmann管分别探讨了不同粉尘浓度和粒度条件下低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)粉尘云最低着火温度和最小着火能量的变化规律。结果表明,LDPE粉尘云最低着火温度变化范围为370～500℃,粉尘云最小着火能量变化范围为50～720 mJ,两者均随粉尘云浓度的增加整体呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势,并随粉尘粒度的增加而升高。拟合得到粉尘粒度与两者的定量变化关系,可实现爆炸敏感性参数的预测。     

超微细粉的分级研究

精细化工等工业的发展，促使相应制备超细粉体工业的发展．从而一项重要的单元操作分级也随之得到研究和发展［１］。粉末粒度的控制，是Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３生产和科研中经常测控的项目之一，其粒度大小和粒度组成直接影响到产品的性能和用途［２］．本实验利用自己设计研制的干式气流分级机对Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３细粉尘进行了分级研究．     

稻壳粉尘着火敏感性试验研究

摘 要：为探究稻壳粉着火敏感性,利用激光粒度分析仪和SEM对其粒度进行分析及形貌表征,利用Godbert-Greenwald炉、固体自燃点、粉尘层最低着火温度测试仪对自燃点温度、最低着火温度进行试验研究。结果表明：稻壳粉颗粒越大粒度分布越集中;粉尘云最低着火温度随粒度的减小呈降低趋势;标准试验模式下,粒度D50=52.9 μm的稻壳粉自燃点为225.1 ℃;粒度一定时,粉尘层最低着火温度随模具高度的增大而降低,当高度达到20 mm最低着火温度达到最低,且不再随模具高度的升高继续降低。本试验结果可为工业过程安全提供数据和理论支撑。     

纺织厂粉尘爆炸预防技术措施

所谓粉尘，是指悬浮于空气中的微细尘粒。纺织厂粉尘多数为纤维的各种成份的混合物，还含有动植物性粒屑、细菌、灰尘等各种污染物，粒度范围广，尘粒形态复杂。粉尘爆炸必须具备三个要素：粉尘本身易燃，有足够的氧气及火源。纺织厂尘室内的棉尘、麻尘、针织起绒形成的绒尘及各种成份的尘埃，均是可燃性粉尘，并在尘窒和风管中呈悬浮状态。因此，纺织厂的尘室都存在着极大的火灾爆炸危险，一旦遇有火源．随时都有发生爆炸的可能。1987年3月15日，     

显微镜法求粉尘粒度分布中几个问题的探讨

显微镜法是目前分析粉尘粒度的基本方法之一.采用此法时受到多种因素的影响,一是操作者的熟练程度可产生的误差.另一是数据分析计算方法所出现的误差、本文仅就后一方面的因素,通过大量粉尘粒度分布资料进行某些探讨,为从事颗粒技术研究提供参考.     

浓度对垂直独头管道玉米淀粉火焰传播的影响

选择真空干燥后的食品级玉米淀粉，利用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电镜分析颗粒的形状和几何尺寸。利用高速摄像机技术，在1.2 m长的垂直独头管道内对玉米淀粉粉尘云的爆炸火焰传播行为进行实验研究，考察有、无障碍物的条件下粉尘云浓度对火焰传播的影响。结果表明：火焰整体上呈先增加再降低的发展趋势。粉尘云浓度和障碍物均对玉米淀粉粉尘云火焰传播形态及火焰速度具有显著影响。随粉尘云浓度增加，粉尘燃烧不充分，导致出现最大火焰速度和火焰亮度均逐渐降低，火焰轮廓不清晰,火焰分段等现象。障碍物的湍流效应会加速粉尘燃烧，增加粉尘火焰传播速度，提高火焰亮度和轮廓清晰度，但粉尘云浓度增加会降低障碍物对火焰传播的加速效应，促使最大火焰速度呈先增加再降低的趋势。     

惰性粉体对铝粉尘层着火影响实验研究

通过构建铝粉尘层底板加热条件下着火燃烧的数值模型,探究铝粉尘层着火燃烧规律,同时结合碳酸钙惰性原理,开展碳酸钙粉体惰化条件下铝粉尘层最低着火温度实验。研究表明,铝粉尘着火燃烧具有加热温度高、燃烧温度大的特征,碳酸钙可以有效提高铝粉尘的点火温度,碳酸钙粉体粒度越小、浓度越大,对铝粉尘层的惰化效果越显著。     

三环唑粉尘最小点火能实验研究与数值模拟

利用激光粒度仪、哈特曼管装置探讨了三环唑粉尘浓度、点火延迟时间、粒径分布对粉尘最小点火能的影响,并利用FLUENT对粉尘扩散进行数值模拟。结果表明:粒径小的粉尘最小点火能小;点火延迟时间段随着粉尘粒径的减小而增大;在22~28℃时,粉尘粒径为28.19μm时在30~120ms内分布较为均匀,粒径为20.24μm时在15~120ms内分布较为均匀;模拟得出在1.2L哈特曼管内,两种粒径的粉尘在120ms时未完全沉降,罐体内仍有湍流作用。     

红木粉爆炸特性实验研究

以红木粉尘为研究对象,采用激光粒度仪对粒径分布进行表征。在热板炉、戈德贝特-格林沃尔德炉、哈特曼管爆炸实验装置中分别测试粉尘层最低着火温度(MITL)、粉尘云最低着火温度(MITC)和粉尘云最小点火能(MIC)。结果表明,该木质粉尘的MITL为320℃,MITC为460℃。粉尘浓度是影响MIC的极值因素,最小点火能量大小随着粉尘浓度的增加先减小后增大。粉尘粒径是影响粉尘云最小点火能量的单调因素,随着粒径的增大,粉尘云点火能量总体发展趋势为逐渐升高。针对企业实际情况及测试结果,提出了相应的防护措施。     

土石混合料最大干密度试验研究

在开发了大型击实仪的基础上,研究了不同最大粒径及粗颗粒含量时土石混合料最大干密度和最佳含水量的变化规律,试验结果表明,粗颗粒含量对土石混合料的最大干密度影响较大,最大粒径变化时,土石混合料的最大干密度和最佳含水量变化规律不明显。     

粗粒料三轴湿化颗粒破碎试验研究

颗粒破碎是引起粗粒料湿化变形的重要因素，有必要对其进行深入研究。利用改进的应力控制三轴仪，对坝的粗粒料进行不同围压和湿化应力水平下保持应力水平不变的三轴湿化变形试验，同时对湿化前后的试样进行颗粒分析试验。依据试验结果，分析湿化颗粒破碎的原因，得到湿化变形最及Hardin的颗粒破碎指标表示的颗粒破碎量。对粗粒料湿化变形和湿化颗粒破碎试验结果的分析表明：湿化变形与围压及湿化应力水平有关；湿化引起颗粒破碎，对颗粒级配曲线有较大的影响，湿化前后级配曲线的颗粒累积百分比的差值随粒径呈驼峰状分布，驼峰位于25％含量粒径左右；湿化引起的颗粒破碎使得级配曲线的曲率系数、不均匀系数和60％含量粒径减小；湿化颗粒破碎随着围压和湿化应力水平的增加而增加；湿化变形与湿化颗粒破碎之间有很好的相关性，湿化轴变与湿化颗粒破碎近似成线性关系；湿化变形的基本规律可以根据湿化颗粒破碎规律加以解释。     

大管径聚乙烯管的挤出成型工艺及设备

对采用负压定径技术生产大管径聚乙烯管的挤出成型工艺及其主要设备进行了研究。工艺参数包括温度、挤出速率、牵引速率，大管径聚乙烯管挤出生产线主要由挤出机、主体模具、负压定径舱、定径装置、二次冷却系统、牵引装置组成。     

RIGHT‐SIZING CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES: DEFINING ITS STRATEGIES

This article explores the right‐sizing paradigm. Currently, in the growing literature on the right‐sizing conception of planning there are not any clearly delineated strategies on what it means to right‐size. Right‐sizing strategies are clearly articulated in this article in an effort to understand this paradigm in a more comprehensive fashion. This is not being done among scholars in this field and is necessary to determine empirically if these strategies improve the quality of life in shrinking cities. The purpose of this article is to provide a source for researchers attempting to assess the various right‐sizing efforts across the United States. The strategies in this article are not final; additional strategies could be included later under the right‐sizing planning conception. At this stage in the literature, five major built environment strategies are the most cited: land banking, rehabilitation, demolition, consolidation, and “greening.”     

Relative brittleness characterization of some selected granitic building stones: Influence of mineral grain size

Being crystalline materials, brittleness may be an important issue for granitic rocks, especially when they are subject to certain loading conditions. Therefore, in practice, more specifically in their usage as a natural building stone, there is a need for their brittleness characterization. This paper reports a study carried out on some selected granitic rock types in order to determine their relative brittleness index values and relate it to their mineral grain size. For this purpose, three different types of granitic rocks similar in mineral composition, but diverse in grain sizes were selected for the execution of the study. The relative brittleness index values of the studied rock types were determined from the size effect method by using the point load test apparatus. Based on the results of this investigation it is was concluded that, rather than the proportions of the rock forming minerals such as quartz and feldspars, the grain size of feldspars could be the dominant parameter affecting relative brittleness values of the tested rocks.     

使用改进的分层抽取法研究淤泥沉积过程中的强度变化

现有的分层抽取法不能测试沉积过程中淤泥强度的变化,并且需要使用较多的孔隙水应力传感器导致试验成本很高。因此对此方法进行了改进,主要有研制了可测试强度极低淤泥的室内微型高精度十字板剪切仪和一个孔隙水应力传感器切换测试沉积柱不同高度处孔隙水应力的装置。由试验结果可知实测的数据完全满足需要,证明此方法是可行的。利用改进的分层抽取法可得到淤泥沉积过程中的泥水分界面高度、含水率（密度）、超静孔隙水应力、有效应力、颗粒分布、强度、压缩性、渗透性等参数的变化规律,可研究时间尺度较大的沉积淤泥的大变形自重固结和强度问题,并为进一步进行大变形自重固结的数值模拟提供了基础。     

A preliminary structural design procedure for laser beam welded airframe stiffened panels

Initial sizing procedures for aircraft stiffened panels that include the influence of welding fabrication residual process effects are missing. Herein, experimental and Finite Element analyses are coupled to generate knowledge to formulate an accurate and computationally efficient sizing procedure which will enable designers to routinely consider panel fabrication, via welding, accounting for the complex distortions and stresses induced by this manufacturing process. Validating experimental results demonstrate the need to consider welding induced material property degradation, residual stresses and distortions, as these can reduce static strength performance. However, results from fuselage and wing trade-studies, using the validated sizing procedure, establish that these potential reductions in strength performance may be overcome through local geometric tailoring during initial sizing, negating any weight penalty for the majority of design scenarios.     

Cyclic resistance of two unsaturated silty sands against soil liquefaction

The changes of the cyclic resistance of two silty sands under unsaturated, partially saturated and fully saturated conditions are examined based on a series of undrained cyclic tests conducted using triaxial test apparatus specially equipped for testing unsaturated soils as well as ordinary triaxial test apparatus for testing partially saturated and fully saturated soils. Based on the observations of volumetric strain, pore air and pore water pressures of unsaturated soil specimens, the possibility of soil liquefaction triggering under different degrees of saturation is examined and discussed. The changes in the cyclic resistance under different degrees of saturation are then examined. Those two unsaturated silty sands with different grain size compositions are found to give rise to different responses on the volumetric strain as well as pore air and pore water pressure developments during undrained cyclic loading, leading to different relations between cyclic resistance and degree of saturation, covering unsaturated, partially saturated and fully saturated conditions.     

砂土与混凝土接触面力学特性大型单剪试验研究

利用研制的大型单剪仪,进行砂土与混凝土接触面单剪试验研究,研究单一粒径的砂土对混凝土接触面物理力学性质的影响。从试验结果分析得到,不同单一粒径砂土的接触面厚度和试样破坏时的剪切位移。试验表明:抗剪强度与法向应力呈较好的线性关系;在接触面法向应力压力较低时,剪切应力-位移关系曲线呈应变软化型;随着接触面法向应力的增高,剪切应力-位移关系曲线呈应变硬化型的趋势越明显,此时,不同单一粒径的砂土与混凝土界面剪应力-位移曲线可看成由一条曲线与一条平直线组成。接触面法向应力越低剪胀越明显;随着接触面法向应力的增大,剪胀性减弱,试样发生剪胀时的剪应力也逐渐增大。     

用激光粒度仪进行粘土的颗粒分析

为获得细粒土的粒度分布,分别采用Mastersizer 2000激光衍射粒度仪和传统的密度计法测量合肥地区的粘土.根据激光法的测量原理和影响因素,用单因素试验法依次改变仪器的折射率、质量浓度、超声波端位移和时间、泵速,研究这些控制参数对颗粒粒径的影响,并确定了该仪器测量合肥地区粘土的最佳参数.通过比较最佳参数条件下的激...