论智慧城市建设与管理

分析信息技术革命给城市建设中数据处理和信息化技术应用带来的管理模式变革;阐释智慧城市发展理念、实现途径及发展趋势。并着眼于智能化技术在基础设施建设的应用案例,揭示智慧城市建设管理的发展方向。以智慧交通为切入点,分析城市基础设施产业化的发展机遇。     

智慧城市技术对未来城市空间发展的影响

大数据、人工智能、移动网络、云 计算等新技术的发展,正在引发一场全球新 一轮的技术革命。智能技术的发展不仅成 为国家经济、社会发展的创新动力,而且也 对城市的运作和发展产生了深刻的影响。智 慧城市在这样的大背景下,正以比我们想象 得更快的速度在城市的各个领域展开,如智 慧交通、智慧能源、智能通讯、智慧政务、智 慧医疗等等几乎涉及了城市运作的各个层面 和各个方面,这些智慧技术的应用已经对城 市生活产生了巨大影响,那么它将对未来城 市空间格局产生什么影响,对城市设计带来 怎么样的机遇和挑战,或者反过来说,我们 可以利用智慧技术在城市设计领域做些什 么,值得我们进一步思考。本文将通过对国 内外智慧城市研究领域前沿研究的分析,揭 示智慧城市技术对城市各个方面产生的影响 和潜在机遇,并提出未来城市设计利用智慧 技术将面临的新的课题和值得关注的研究 方向。     

城市智慧休闲的理论、机制及框架建构研究

随着经济社会的发展与进步,休闲活动作为城市居民日常生活的一部分其重要性日益凸显.城市居民的休闲生活质量与其整体生活质量及城市品质密切相关.新一代信息技术的发展与应用给城市居民的生活方式、休闲价值观及休闲行为带来巨大变化,同时也给城市休闲产业管理带来了巨大影响.以相关社会理论为基础,在新一代信息技术不断发展的背景下,提出了城市智慧休闲概念,分析了城市智慧休闲的理论背景及城市智慧休闲的运行机制,并在理论背景和运行机制分析的基础上,构建了基于“社会—技术”互动融合的,由理论层、数据层、应用层、服务层及用户层构成的城市智慧休闲框架体系.     

论新型基础设施建设的迭代规律

跟踪研究了2015年至今我国新基建政策以及各国智慧城市新基建的实践。通过文献综述以及对城市技术七波发展浪潮的总结,明确指出"新基建"是由新一代城市技术驱动的基础设施实施建设和运行管理的全过程,并总结出三个基本特征。而后,按照"技术迭代—城市应用—空间节点—网络体系—影响作用"的逻辑,分析七波城市技术对应的基础设施在城市中的应用和空间类型。以上海为例,梳理城市基础设施网络体系的迭代历程及其对城市发展的影响。最后指出基础设施的迭代发展也为新型智慧城市提供了重构现代治理体系的契机,并提出新基建创新生态环境构建的三项建议。     

智慧共享城市——共享经济导向的智慧城市空间响应

共享重新定义了人们如何理解、参与和展望城市发展。共享经济不仅对人们的生活方式产生了巨大影响,引发城市空间的巨大变革。共享经济的沿革在本质上依托于互联网技术的进步,与此同时,智慧城市的兴起也基于互联网与物联网的发展,逐渐将共享经济纳入其中并成为公共服务的重要一环。在此基础上,本文融合两者特征提出"智慧共享城市"这一概念,简要分析了现有城市规划体系应对未来发展的缺陷与不足,并探讨了不同空间尺度下智慧共享城市的概念场景,以及智慧城市如何响应共享经济及公众生活变化提出的新的需求。最后以SidewalkToronto智慧社区为例展示了智慧共享城市在实际应用中的可能性。在未来,相信智慧城市与共享经济的跨界组合会迸发出更多的火花,为城市带来更智慧的共享服务。     

运用熵权/TOPSlS组合模型构建智慧城市的评价体系——以京津沪为实例探究

智慧城市,或城市智慧化是城市发展的新目标.针对如何更好地发展智慧城市,本文分析了当前我国智慧城市发展现状,参考现有的智慧城市评价方案,运用熵权TOPSIS法构建了一个新的智慧城市评价体系.根据年鉴报道的北京、天津、上海的有关数据,本文对评价体系进行了验证,并根据数学模型的计算结果分析比较了天津和上海、北京之间存在的差距,对天津智慧城市的建设和发展提出了思路和建议.     

社会5.0背景下的城市安全韧性与国土空间智慧治理

城市安全韧性的构建一直是稳定及完善城市人居系统的基础,也是国土空间治理的重要前提和目标。数字及信息技术在给社会经济生活带来一系列变革、推动社会战与机遇。文章在对社会的挑战,分析对应的城市韧性构建重点以及措施的变化,并结合城市发展趋势的新特点,提出面对智慧社会下的城市安全挑战,应强化国土空间智慧治理能力,将以人为中心的安全韧性城市建设作为重要目标,加强理论、技术方法、设施服务体系与保障体系的构建,完善国土空间智慧治理体系。     

智慧城市与城市规划——基于各种空间尺度的实践分析

分析了智慧城市的概念及发展趋势,指出智慧城市的发展与城市规划的进步密不可分:一方面,智慧城市为城市规划带来新的内容和要求;另一方面,智慧城市也给城市规划提供新的工具与思路.通过分析国际智慧城市案例在顶层设计、城市尺度应用、近人尺度应用3个层次的智慧城市发展建设的特点及参考价值,基于我国现实,提出了智慧城市规划与发展的改进建议.     

智慧·城市,基于国际视野下的思考

智慧城市的兴起,得益于ICT技术的迅猛发展。经过这些年国内外诸多城市的探索和实践,智慧城市已经从最初的营销概念,逐渐发展成为一种支持城市发展的新理念。然而在实际应用中,智慧城市的内涵仍然是不明确的,不同城市和规划都会有自己的理解和阐释。对于目前如火如荼、包罗万象的智慧城市建设,很多人也在反思:城市的形成,从来不仅仅依靠技术。技术只是手段与工具,能为城市发展创造更多的机会和可能。我们需要从更大的视野和维度去认识和理解智慧城市,进一步明确其内涵与意义,探究智慧城市与城市规划、建设、管理之间的关系,并积极寻求利用大数据支撑城市实现智慧发展的新路径。     

基于大数据技术的智慧城市建设探析

随着人们物质生活水平的提高,对民生、社会治安、经济、人文等提出了更高的要求,"互联网+"模式的推广、计算机技术的提高、制造工艺的进步,创造出突破传统城市弊端的好时机,智慧城市建设符合政府与人民对未来新型城市的期待。研究基于大数据技术给智慧城市化带来的优势,分析大数据环境下的智慧城市建设发展方向和存在问题,探讨结合大数据技术建设智慧城市的路径。     

智慧城市发展对城市规划的影响探讨

随着全球化脚步的不断加快,我国的城市化范围也逐渐扩大,同时伴随着城市化的发展,引发了城市人口上升,进而导致城市经济发展的不足。本文针对智慧城市的内涵及对城市规划的影响,从理论和实践两方面做了详细地叙述。     

City approaches to smart city evaluation and reporting: case studies in the United Kingdom

Smart technologies create opportunities for urban development and regeneration, leading to a proliferation of projects/programmes designed to address city strategies around environmental, economic and social challenges. Whilst there is considerable critical debate on the merits of smart city developments, there has been surprisingly little research on the evaluation of smart interventions, and the outcomes of embedded smart technologies for cities and citizens. This examines case-study research undertaken in Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, Milton Keynes and Peterborough, on city approaches to smart city evaluation and reporting. Findings exemplify contemporary city evaluation and reporting practices, challenges and recommendations to support smart urban development.     

How to Overcome the Dichotomous Nature of Smart City Research: Proposed Methodology and Results of a Pilot Study

ABSTRACT

Overcoming the dichotomous nature of smart city research is fundamental to providing cities with a clear understanding of how smart city development should be approached. This paper introduces a research methodology for conducting the multiple-case study analyses necessary to meet this challenge. After presenting the methodology, we test the practical feasibility, effectiveness, and logistics of such a methodology by examining the activities that Vienna has implemented in building its smart city development strategy. The results of this pilot study show how the application of the proposed methodology can help smart city researchers codify the knowledge produced from multiple smart city experiences, using a common protocol. This in turn allows them to: (1) coordinate efforts when investigating the strategic principles that drive smart city development and test the divergent hypotheses emerging from the scientific literature; (2) share the results of this investigation and hypothesis testing by conducting extensive cross-case analyses among multiple studies able to capture the generic qualities of the findings; (3) gain consensus on the way to think about, conceptualize, and standardize the analysis of smart city developments; and (4) develop innovative monitoring and evaluation systems for smart city development strategies by reflecting upon the lessons learned from current practices.     

上海建设智慧城市的路径探索

从智慧城市的基本特征和核心理念、智慧城市对城市发展的作用以及智慧城市的层次框架划分等多方面进行了分析和研究,对上海建设智慧城市的发展策略和路径作了宏观层面的初步探讨,希望对知识信息时代智慧城市基础设施建设乃至于空间发展模式的更深入、广泛的思考和研究有所启示。     

智慧建筑技术的发展带动新农村建设向智慧村庄迈进

本文通过智慧城市的概念阐述,依托智慧建筑发展前景,结合所在地的地区的区域特色,将智慧建筑的理念融入天水新农村建设的征程中,展望智慧村庄、智慧风景区、智慧麦积山。     

Understanding ‘smart cities’: Intertwining development drivers with desired outcomes in a multidimensional framework

The convergence of technology and the city is commonly referred to as the ‘smart city’. It is seen as a possible remedy for the challenges that urbanisation creates in the age of global climate change, and as an enabler of a sustainable and liveable urban future. A review of the abundant but fragmented literature on smart city theories and practices, nevertheless, reveals that there is a limited effort to capture a comprehensive understanding on how the complex and multidimensional nature of the drivers of smart cities are linked to desired outcomes. The paper aims to develop a clearer understanding on this new city model by identifying and linking the key drivers to desired outcomes, and then intertwining them in a multidimensional framework. The methodological approach of this research includes a systematic review of the literature on smart cities, focusing on those aimed at conceptual development and provide empirical evidence base. The review identifies that the literature reveals three types of drivers of smart cities—community, technology, policy—which are linked to five desired outcomes—productivity, sustainability, accessibility, wellbeing, liveability, governance. These drivers and outcomes altogether assemble a smart city framework, where each of them represents a distinctive dimension of the smart cities notion. This paper helps in expanding our understanding beyond a monocentric technology focus of the current common smart city practice.     

Development of a smart city planning support tool using the cooperative method

A reduction of environmental burdens is currently required. In particular, proposing a new approach for the construction of a smart city using renewable energy is important. The technological development of a smart city is founded building equipment and infrastructure. However, planning methods and their techniques using the collaboration approach with residents are only just developing. This study aimed to develop a support tool for the construction of a smart city using renewable energy while facilitating consensus-building efforts among residents using the method for a cooperative housing development. We organized the supporting methods for the construction of residential area using the cooperative method. Then, we developed supporting tools that interface the computer with these methods. We examined the support techniques for the construction of a residential area using renewable energy technology by analyzing Japanese cases of a smart city. Moreover, we developed a support tool for the construction of a smart city on a trial basis. We integrated the smart city construction tools and the cooperative housing construction support tool. This tool has a 3D modeling system that helps residents to easily understand the space image as a result of the examination. We also developed a professional supporting tool that residents can consider for cost-effectiveness in renewable energy and its environmental load reduction rate for the planning of a smart city.     

Multidimensional sustainability benchmarking for smart megacities

This paper is focused on sustainability assessment for some of the most prominent global megacities: London, New York, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Sao Paolo, Rio de Janeiro, Paris, Berlin, Moscow, Beijing, Singapore, Shanghai, Sydney and Tokyo. The alternative city rankings are compared and linkages between different sustainability and smart city dimensions are explored. The paper applied ELECTRE III multi-criteria decision aid tool to a panel of twenty indicators. The proposed approach allowed considering performance under four different policy priorities: environmental, economic, social and smart, changing the focus of the sustainability assessment. The results have shown that Singapore dominates the sustainability rankings under environmental policy priorities. Tokyo leads under economic and social priorities, and London and Tokyo – under smart city priorities. The worst performing cities were Shanghai, Los Angeles and Rio de Janeiro. The paper examines the innovative sustainability strategy and new governance structures that led Singapore to become the most sustainable city under environmental priorities and offers recommendations for the lower-ranking cities of Shanghai, Los Angeles and Rio de Janeiro. The assessment could be a valuable tool for policy makers and investors, and could help identify linkages between different sustainability dimensions, highlighting best practices as well as strategic opportunities in cities with sustainability potential.