利用三维空间巧妙增设混床再生喷射器

介绍了中国平煤神马集团尼龙化工有限公司化学水装置中混床再生存在的实际问题,通过对比巧妙利用了三维空间,最终确定在原有喷射器正上方增设一套混床专用喷射器,投用后运行效果良好,不增加占地面积,操作方便,其思维方式可供同行借鉴。     

山东某干熄焦项目反渗透加混床系统增设除碳器的必要性

除碳器可除掉反渗透出水中游离二氧化碳,减轻混床强碱阴树脂的负担,有利于混床除硅,提高混床的周期制水量和出水水质,减少再生用碱量。但是混床在工程设计中也存在设备本体较高,自重较重。如在反渗透加混床工艺中在反渗透出水的储存水箱上部加设除碳器的话,额外增加水箱间顶板高度约2m左右,大大增加了土建造价。本文主要根据我公司在山东某干熄焦项目上化学水处理工艺中采用的原水进水水质分析,探讨加装除碳器后的必要性。从原水水质层面分析解决是否在化学水处理中设置除碳器的技术问题。     

膜技术在高纯水制备中的应用

用超滤代替传统预处理,可适应不同水质条件;用EDI代替混床,可连续生产,不需酸碱再生,节约用水。     

三层混床技术在水处理装置中的应用

某化肥厂水处理装置采用混合离子交换器生产精制水，针对现存的阴阳双层离子交换树脂交叉污染问题，在不改变设备结构及工艺的前提下，采用三层混床技术将阴阳离子树脂彻底分离，有效消除了交叉污染问题，再生次数减少，混床运行周期平均延长到10 d，周期制水量由原来的3.02×104 m3提高到4.32×104 m3；再生酸碱消耗量、用水量和污水排放量都得到了降低。     

适应水质波动的可编组水处理脱盐工艺改造

本文根据流行于热电行业的反渗透加混床和一级复床加混床水处理工艺各自的特点,探讨采取可编组式水处理脱盐流程对具有相同或相近出力的不同制水系统进行改造,增设联络管路和相关联络阀门,配置变频器调整相关水泵扬程及流量的改造方案,实现不同工艺流程编组,使即有的水处理设备能够适应原水水质波动,达到稳定制水系统运行,提高产水水质,降低运行成本,减轻环境影响的目的。     

凝结水精处理混床氨化运行的过程控制

本文列举了氨化混床运行效果的影响因素及各阶段控制方法,提出了氢型混床和铵型混床的投退时机及注意事项,对电厂化学实际工作有一定的指导意义。     

混菌矿化增强再生粗骨料的物理力学性能

为克服单一微生物培养成本高且矿化鲁棒性不足的缺陷，提出了一种混菌矿化增强再生粗骨料物理力学性能的方法.通过筛选矿化效率较高的好氧嗜碱混菌，考察了混菌矿化对再生粗骨料物理力学性能和混凝土抗压强度的影响.结果表明：相同增强时间下，混菌比纯菌呈现出更优异的矿化增强效果；随着混菌矿化增强时间的延长，再生粗骨料吸水率和压碎指标呈现出先减小后增大的趋势，最优增强时间为15 d；采用矿化增强再生粗骨料制备的再生混凝土抗压强度提高幅度达到22.1%.     

“全膜法”与离子交换水处理工艺运行成本分析

通过对"全膜法"工艺和一级复床 混床的离子交换工艺的水耗、电耗、药剂消耗等运行成本进行分析对比,澄清对"全膜法"工艺在性能上和概念上的模糊认识。认为在一定的原水水质条件下,"全膜法"工艺的总运行成本大于离子交换工艺。其水耗成本和电耗成本要高于一级复床 混床离子交换工艺,但在药剂消耗成本上低于后者。     

建筑垃圾资源化利用现状及建议浅谈

本文对国内外建筑垃圾资源化利用的现状,资源化利用技术(再生混凝土,再生砧、砌块,再生砂浆)作了介绍,并对建筑垃圾资源化相关政策提出一些建议。     

废弃混凝土的再生利用研究

将废弃混凝土块经过破碎、清洗、分级后,按一定比例混合形成再生骨料,部分或全部代替天然骨料配制的新混凝土称为再生骨料混凝土recycledaggregateconcrete,RAC简称再生混凝土。世界上一些发达国家早在二次世界大战之后,就开始了废弃混凝土回收再利用的研究。再生混凝土的开发研究不仅可以从根本上解决废混凝土的处理问题,还可节约天然骨料资源,带来显著的社会、经济和环境效益,是一条节约资源、能源、减轻地球负荷及维护生态平衡的可持续发展的道路。武汉理工大学肖开涛等人以某工厂行车梁拆除后废弃混凝土为再生骨料,对再生骨料和再生混…     

Combined ion exchange treatment for removal of dissolved organic matter and hardness

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and hardness cations are two common constituents of natural waters that substantially impact water treatment processes. Anion exchange treatment, and in particular magnetic ion exchange (MIEX), has been shown to effectively remove DOM from natural waters. An important advantage of the MIEX process is that it is used as a slurry in a completely mixed flow reactor at the beginning of the treatment train. Hardness ions can be removed with cation exchange resins, although typically using a fixed bed reactor at the end of a treatment train. In this research, the feasibility of combining anion and cation exchange treatment in a single completely mixed reactor for treatment of raw water was investigated. The sequence of anion and cation exchange treatment, the number of regeneration cycles, and the chemistry of the regeneration solution were systematically explored. Simultaneous removal of DOM (70% as dissolved organic carbon) and hardness (>55% as total hardness) was achieved by combined ion exchange treatment. Combined ion exchange is expected to be useful as a pre-treatment for membrane systems because both DOM and divalent cations are major foulants of membranes.     

特定结构固定床吸附除湿实验研究

本文以13X分子筛作为吸附剂,对特定结构的固定床进行了吸附除湿性能的实验研究.通过对固定床内部3个测点温度和相对湿度的测量,分析了再生过程和吸附过程中,固定床内部各测点吸附剂对水分的解析和吸附情况.结果表明,将温度为25℃、相对湿度为60％、风量为2500 m3/h的空气加热至60℃并送入床内进行再生,在整个再生过程中,位于固定床后段的吸附剂平均单位时间解析量为10.6 g/kg干空气,是前段床体吸附剂解析量的1.93倍,是中间段床体吸附剂解析量的2.23倍.对于温度为23℃、相对湿度为90％、风量为1500 m3/h的空气,在吸附平衡状态下,固定床后段的吸附剂单位时间除湿量为9.51 g/kg干空气,是前段床体吸附剂除湿量的2.87倍,是中间段床体吸附剂除湿量的3.51倍,位于固定床后段的吸附剂除湿效果更为显著.     

A new method of regeneration of anion exchangers used for recovering chromates from wastewater

A new economically attractive method of recovery of water and chromates from wastewater has been presented. In order to obtain a high enough concentrated regeneration effluent for refilling plating bath, high concentrated sodium hydroxide (45%) was used for regeneration of a weakly based anion exchanger bed (Wofatit AD 41). Further increase of the concentration of the regeneration effluent was obtained by recycling certain frontal and tail parts of regeneration effluent to raw wastewater. It permits to recycle only a high concentrated part of the regeneration effluent to refilling the plating bath.The influence of flow rates, doses of sodium hydroxide and recirculation ratio on the average concentration of the regeneration effluent and ion exchange capacity has been presented.     

再生混凝土空心砌块受压性能分析

利用废弃混凝土加工成再生骨料加以利用,是促进建筑业可持续发展的重要措施.文章论述了在不同级配、掺粉煤灰、掺聚丙烯纤维的情况下再生混凝土空心砌块的受压性能.结果表明,再生混凝土空心砌块具有足够的抗压强度,可以作为砌体结构中的承重砌块.     

Anion exchange resins for removal of reactive dyes from textile wastewaters

Sorption onto an easily regenerable sorbent in fixed bed filters would be an interesting option for removal of reactive dyes from textile wastewaters. A previous screening with model solutions (Dyes Pigm 51 (2001) 111) had shown two anion exchangers (strong basic S6328a and weak basic MP62, both Bayer) to exhibit good sorption characteristics for reactive dyes. The aim of this study was to evaluate these materials more closely. Thus filter breakthrough, the behavior with original wastewater samples, and the effect of inorganic wastewater parameters as well as regeneration were studied. Breakthrough curves for both materials are relatively unfavorable with a flat gradient, but throughput until breakthrough (100-800 bed volumes) should be sufficient for technical use. With both resins dye uptake is influenced little by competition of inorganic anions (sulfate, carbonate, phosphate) and they perform well in original wastewaters. However, the weak basic type is only efficient up to pH 8. Alkaline regeneration works well for MP62, for S6328a acid regeneration works for most dyes.     

阴床中混入阳树脂对运行的影响及处理方法

以仪化热电厂出现的阴床中混入阳树脂为例,介绍了所采用的对混床补加新的阳树脂,对水质恶化的阴床更换新的阴树脂,并维修其进水装置、更换损坏的不锈钢绕丝支管等处理方法.从理论上分析了阴床中混入阳树脂对出水水质的不利影响.该厂的经验对同类水处理系统处理此类问题具有一定的指导意义.     

循环流化床锅炉烧煤泥+煤矸石的试验

阐述了在130 t/h循环流化床锅炉(CFBB)上进行的煤泥 煤矸石混烧试验,提出了混烧煤泥 煤矸石的方案。运行表明,CFBB混烧煤泥 煤矸石技术上可行,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益。     

Feasibility study of desiccant air-conditioning system in Thailand

The objective of this study was to conduct an experimental analysis to investigate the performance and energy saving of the well-known desiccant air-conditioning system in Thailand. The system was composed of a silica gel bed, a split type air-conditioner (1.5 ton refrigeration) installed in a room of volume 76.8 m³, air ducts and a blower. Its design allows us to adjust the percentages of return air, outdoor air and indoor air mixed to the air leaving the desiccant, and desiccant bed thickness as well. Tests were conducted on several days with relatively similar ambient conditions. Under the test conditions used here, a 5 cm bed thickness is recommended with a maximum adsorption rate of 473 g/h. The optimum percentages of air ratios are as follows: 15% outdoor air, 15% return air (mixed together at the desiccant bed inlet) and 70% of indoor air mixed to the dry air leaving the desiccant. The corresponding electricity saving was about 24%. As expected, simple economic analysis indicated that the desiccant air-conditioning is only viable for large cooling capacities and central air-conditioned buildings. The payback period is about 4 yr.     

水泥土搅拌桩在地铁软弱路基中的应用

结合工程实例,介绍了水泥土搅拌桩设计的桩位布置、水泥掺入量及其施工工艺,并对试验结果进行了分析,以推广水泥土搅拌桩在地铁软弱路基中的广泛应用.     

Phosphate removal in a fluidized bed—I. Identification of physical processes

The main processes concerning the precipitation of calcium phosphate in a fluidized bed were studied. Primary nucleation and molecular growth occur at the bottom of the bed, where the incoming phosphate is mixed with the reactants, producing fine particles which partly aggregate with the grains of the bed and further leave the reactor with the liquid effluent. This aggregation seems to be the most important process for phosphate removal, while molecular growth of the grains seems to be of secondary importance.