菟丝子——属兔的药用寄生植物

植物大多含有叶绿素,这些植物能摄取空气中的二氧化碳,吸收泥土中的矿物质来制造食物。利用叶绿素将二氧化碳分解,再利用其中的碳制成糖、淀粉等碳水化合物。这种能制造自身所需的有机物质的植物,称“自养植物”。在自然界,有些植物生来就没有叶绿素,为了生存,必须摄取已被其他植物制造好的有机物,称“异养植物”。寄生植物就是异养植物的一种,它寄生于寄主植物体内,利用吸器伸入寄主植物的“食物道”内,吸取糖分和矿物     

应用多效唑矮化草坪效果好

多效唑是一种药效期长、活性谱宽的新型植物生长延缓剂,其主要作用是抑制内源赤霉素的合成,有控长矮化、促进分蘖和发根、增加叶绿素a、b的含量等作用。国产多效唑为15％可湿性粉剂,在水中的溶解度为35％,纯品在25℃条件下能稳定6个月以上。施用后,它容易被植物根、茎、叶所吸收,并通过影响植物体内激     

生长调节剂在兰花培育上的合理使用

生长调节剂的种类和作用植物在生长发育过程中,除了需要有机物和无机盐等作为生命活动的结构物和营养外,还受到体内一些特殊的有机物质的影响。这些物质在植物体内含量极微,对植物的生长发育有明显调节作用,在植物体内合成,并从产生之处运输到其他的部位发挥作用,这些对植物生长发育能产生显著作用的微量有机物被称为激素。主要有生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸和乙     

稀土微肥在林业生产上的应用

稀土微肥中含有独特的金属元素,不仅能够促进植物种子的发育萌芽,更能够在一定程度上促进植物的生长,有利于我国林业增产事业的顺利开展。我们要结合稀土微肥自身特点和我国各个地区植物的特性,有效地提高林业产量。合理地使用稀土微肥,将其作用发挥到最大化,为推动我国林业发展起到重要作用。     

香樟黄化治理

植物营养作用机理:铁在植物体中直接或间接地参与叶绿体蛋白和叶绿素的合成,是铁氧还蛋白和血红蛋白以及固氮酶的组成成分,并且在一些重要的含金属酶中兼有结构成分和活化剂的作用。铁在植物体内较难移动。缺铁时顶端或幼叶失绿黄化,脉间失绿,发展至全叶淡黄白色,根系发     

花卉施用食醋好处多

食醋中含有1—5％的醋酸,还含有甘油醛、琥珀酸、糖类、葡萄糖、乳酸和各种盐类。这些物质,喷在花卉叶面上,可直接被吸收利用,能增强光合作用,使叶绿素含量迅速增加,提高光合作用,使植物体内物质和能量的代谢也得到提高,同时增强其抗病能力。 (一)治疗黄化病。茶花、杜鹃等木本花卉,往往因缺铁、碱性、管理不善而引起黄化病。可以0.5公斤食醋加清水125—175公斤,每天上午10点前、下午4点后喷洒叶面。每10天喷一次,连续喷3～4     

技术动态

香樟黄化治理植物营养作用机理:铁在植物体中直接或间接地参与叶绿体蛋白和叶绿素的合成,是铁氧还蛋白和血红蛋白以及固氮酶的组成成分,并且在一些重要的含金属酶中兼有结构成分和活化剂的作用。铁在植物体内较难移动。缺铁时顶端或幼叶失绿黄化,脉间失绿,发展至全叶淡黄白色,根系发     

信息窗

技术动态香樟黄化治理植物营养作用机理:铁在植物体中直接或间接地参与叶绿体蛋白和叶绿素的合成,是铁氧还蛋白和血红蛋白以及固氮酶的组成成分,并且在一些重要的含金属酶中兼有结构成分和活化剂的作用。铁在植物体内较难移动。缺铁时顶端或幼叶失绿黄化,脉间失绿,发展至全叶淡黄白色,根系发     

稀土氧化物对碱硼酸盐玻璃性质的影响

讨论了几种稀土氧化物对二元碱硼酸盐玻璃各种物化性质及结构的影响。稀土氧化物能提高玻璃的密度、显微硬度、析晶温度和耐水性，促进玻璃分相，引入适量的稀土氧化物还有利于硼由三配位向四配位转化。     

杂籼制种不同施氮量试验小结

氮是植物生长需要的最基础的三种营养元素之一,在农作物的生长中起到重要作用。是植物体内氨基酸的组成部分,也是构成蛋白质的成分。科学的对农作物施加氮肥不但可以减少植物灾害,更能增加收入。     

Lanthanide concentrations in freshwater plants and molluscs, related to those in surface water, pore water and sediment. A case study in The Netherlands

Industrial emissions of lanthanides to aquatic ecosystems increase, but knowledge of the environmental fate of these metals is limited. Here we focus attention upon the distribution of lanthanides in freshwater ecosystems, describing lanthanide partitioning between sediment, water and biota. Since lanthanides are often used as oxidation-state analogues for actinides, their distribution can reflect long-term behaviour of the radioactive transuranics. Concentrations of all 14 naturally occurring lanthanides were measured by ICP-MS in Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus), common duckweed (Lemna minor), seven different mollusc species (tissue and shell), two sediment fractions (< 2 mm and < 63 microm), surface water and sediment pore water from five locations in The Netherlands. In all samples, the typical 'saw-tooth' lanthanide pattern was observed, which implies that lanthanides are transported as a coherent group through aquatic ecosystems. Typical deviations from this pattern were found for Ce and Eu and could be explained by their redox chemistry. The variation in concentrations in abiotic fractions was limited, i.e. within one order of magnitude. However, variations of up to three orders of magnitude were observed in biotic samples, suggesting different affinities among organisms for lanthanides as a group, with significant differences only among molluscs and pondweed samples in relation to sampling location. For P. pectinatus it was shown that pore water was the most important lanthanide source, and for snails, food (plants) seems to be the dominant lanthanide source. Lanthanides were not equally distributed between mollusc shell and tissue and the ratio of lanthanide concentrations in shell and tissue were dependent on the sampling location. Shells contained much lower concentrations and were relatively enriched in Eu, and to a lesser extent in Ce. Bioconcentration factors for lanthanides in plants and snails relative to surface water were typically between 10000 and 100000 l x kg(-1) dry matter, while sediment-water partition coefficients were between 100000 and 3000000 l x kg(-1) dry matter. There was a low extent of biomagnification in the plant-to-snail system, with a maximum biomagnification factor of 5.5. Many distribution coefficients displayed a slight decrease with atomic number. This can be attributed to the general increase in ligand stability constants with atomic number, keeping the heavier lanthanides preferentially in solution.     

Physiological and biochemical markers in the process of resistance and/or tolerance of heavy metals in the abandoned mining area of Sidi Kamber,Skikda, Algeria

This paper reports the biomonitoring of metallic pollution in the mine of Sidi Kamber Skikda town, to determine the resistance and/or tolerance to Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu in metalliferous plants. During the period of March–May, 2015, soil and plants samples were collected from three different stations in the study area. The total heavy metal fraction was determined by ICP/MS, whereas biochemical markers were determined by spectrophotometric techniques. The results obtained showed high levels of heavy metals in soil and plants compared to international standards. The translocation factor revealed that the studied plants can transfer and/or accumulate metals in their roots or their aerial parts as a function of characteristics of each metal, soil contents and physiological role in the plant. The contents of chlorophyll, proline, total sugars and total proteins are directly influenced by changes in bioavailable contents of heavy metals. It has been found that the plants studied and biomarkers are better suited for phytoremediation and biomonitoring of heavy metals pollution.     

Effects of lead toxicity on the total chlorophyll content and growth changes of the aquatic plant Ceratophyllum demersum L.

This paper reports results of a laboratory-scale experiment conducted to determine the effects of different initial concentrations of a toxic heavy trace metal (lead) on the total chlorophyll (a + b) content of aquatic plant tissues Ceratophyllum demersum L., and also to monitor the visible growth changes during the experiment under different lead concentrations (2, 4 and 6 mg/L), as well as in control plants (without any addition of lead nitrate solution). Lead concentrations in water and plant samples were determined using AAS, where the total chlorophyll content in plant leaf tissues was measured every 15 days during the experimental period using a UV/VIS Spectrophotometer, Model 160A, Shimadzu, with wavelengths of 665 and 649 nm. The results showed that the content of total chlorophyll decreased noticeably, with increasing initial concentrations of lead throughout the exposure time. Decreases in total chlorophyll content in the tissues of C. demersum over the period of the experiment were accompanied by different morphological changes in the plants, depending on the initial lead concentration and exposure duration. These changes in morphology and growth affected the number and length of branches, the number of leaves and the number of leaflets.     

Influence of bacteria on lanthanide and actinide transfer from specific soil components (humus, soil minerals and vitrified municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash) to corn plants: Sr-Nd isotope evidence

Experiments have been performed to test the stability of vitrified municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator bottom ash under the presence of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and plants (corn). The substratum used for the plant growth was a humus-rich soil mixed with vitrified waste. For the first time, information on the stability of waste glasses in the presence of bacteria and plants is given. Results show that inoculated plant samples contained always about two times higher lanthanide and actinide element concentrations. Bacteria support the element transfer since plants growing in inoculated environment developed a smaller root system but have higher trace element concentrations. Compared with the substratum, plants are light rare earth element (LREE) enriched. The vitrified bottom ash has to some extent been corroded by bacteria and plant activities as indicated by the presence of Nd (REE) and Sr from the vitrified waste in the plants. (87)Sr/(86)Sr and (143)Nd/(144)Nd isotope ratios of plants and soil components allow the identification of the corroded soil components and confirm that bacteria accelerate the assimilation of elements from the vitrified bottom ash. These findings are of importance for landfill disposal scenarios, and similar experiments should be performed in order to better constrain the processes of microbially mediated alteration of the MSW glasses in the biosphere.     

Conference news

Exhaust gases from automobiles contribute significantly to atmospheric pollution. This paper provides information on the effect of automobile emission on a few wild dicotyledonous plants growing along roads with much traffic. There is a close connection between the distance of the plants from the road and diminution in soluble protein and chlorophyll a contents, and these two physiological traits may serve as indicators of pollution level.     

太原汾河景区浮游藻类与水质研究

对太原汾河景区的浮游植物现状进行了调查,通过对观测期间水体水温、透明度、总磷、叶绿素a等指标的检测、分析,研究探讨了汾河景区浮游植物的数量、种类及富营养化状况,指出部分受污染的点位对整个水体的影响是不可忽略的。     

人类“绿色基因”假说(Human "GreenGene" Hypothesis)：核心内容、科学佐证 与实践意义

首先，对人类“绿色基因”的形成进行探讨，包括人类（动物）与植物共同维持大气中碳氧平衡、人类（动物）与植物互为食物链关系、人体功能中存在植物性功能、绿色是人类眼睛最易看到的颜色、人类血红蛋白的结构相似于叶绿素结构、作为人体呼吸器官的肺部相似于树木地上部形状（树形）、人类肠道绒毛相似于植物根系毛细根等方面。进而对支持早期人类生活的植物类型与栽培植物诞生进行研究。在此基础上，提出人类“绿色基因”假说及其核心内容，归纳该假说的科学佐证。人类“绿色基因”假说从整体的、发展的思维解释人类与植物关系，奠定了园艺疗法、园林康养、森林康养的坚实基础，并指出接触植物、进行园艺操作与田园劳作是人们实现接地、激发触觉潜在功能的途径。     

西湖湖滨景区古香樟保护效果分析

香樟是杭州市市树,古香樟在杭州市的古树名木中占有较大比重。通过去除树冠下硬铺装、根际土壤消毒、施缓释肥、夏季喷叶喷干、树体修补等保护措施,对西湖湖滨景区复壮前后古香樟叶片叶绿素、SOD、POD活性和MDA含量进行测定。结果表明:经过复壮与抢救,古香樟生长状况有所好转,叶绿素含量、SOD、POD活性都有所增加,而导致植物衰老的MDA含量有所下降,说明复壮与抢救效果较明显,实际观察也表明经过复壮与抢救后,香樟整体生长势都有所好转,叶色也明显变绿。     

Effect Of A Permanent Magnetic Field On The Optical And Physiological Properties On Green Plant Leaves

The presence of a permanent magnetic field in the soil where plants are grown causes significant change of optical and physiological characteristics of green plant leaves. The magnetic field causes a change of fluorescent spectra of the plant leaves shown by the appearance of a blue shift of both fluorescent peaks. The relative shifts of the first and second fluorescent peak are non-linear and depend upon the applied magnetic field intensity. The applied magnetic field B a produces a substantial decrease of chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic apparatus efficiency \varepsilon.     

Photosynthesis and oxidative stress in the restinga plant species Eugenia uniflora L. exposed to simulated acid rain and iron ore dust deposition: Potential use in environmental risk assessment

The Brazilian sandy coastal plain named restinga is frequently subjected to particulate and gaseous emissions from iron ore factories. These gases may come into contact with atmospheric moisture and produce acid rain. The effects of the acid rain on vegetation, combined with iron excess in the soil, can lead to the disappearance of sensitive species and decrease restinga biodiversity. The effects of iron ore dust deposition and simulated acid rain on photosynthesis and on antioxidant enzymes were investigated in Eugenia uniflora, a representative shrub species of the restinga. This study aimed to determine the possible utility of this species in environmental risk assessment. After the application of iron ore dust as iron solid particulate matter (SPM_Fe) and simulated acid rain (pH 3.1), the 18-month old plants displayed brown spots and necrosis, typical symptoms of iron toxicity and injuries caused by acid rain, respectively. The acidity of the rain intensified leaf iron accumulation, which reached phytotoxic levels, mainly in plants exposed to iron ore dust. These plants showed the lowest values for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll a content and electron transport rate through photosystem II (PSII). Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were decreased by simulated acid rain. Peroxidase activity and membrane injury increased following exposure to acid rain and simultaneous SPM_Fe application. Eugenia uniflora exhibited impaired photosynthetic and antioxidative metabolism in response to combined iron and acid rain stresses. This species could become a valuable tool in environmental risk assessment in restinga areas near iron ore pelletizing factories. Non-invasive evaluations of visual injuries, photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence, as well as invasive biochemical analysis could be used as markers.