微波法污泥活性炭的制备技术研究

以城市污水处理厂污泥为原料,考查了固液比、活化剂浓度、浸渍时间和活化时间等因素对氢氧化钾活化-微波加热制备污泥活性炭碘吸附值和产率的影响.在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,获得了此工艺制备污泥活性炭的最佳条件,即:固液比1g:1.5m L,氢氧化钾浓度0.40mol·L-1,浸渍时间24h,活化时间420s.此工艺条件下制备的污泥活性炭碘吸附值为537.63 mg·g-1,比表面积为354 m2·g-1,产率为74.09%,吸附性能和产率均优于传统方法制备的污泥活性炭.     

酸热改性凹凸棒石粘土对低硫汽油的脱硫效果研究

通过浸渍法制备改性凹凸棒石粘土汽油脱硫剂.用浓硫酸对产自甘肃临泽的凹凸棒石粘土进行酸改性和热活化,以改性后的凹凸棒石粘土为吸附剂,达到了对汽油进行吸附脱硫的目的.采用正交试验考察制备脱硫剂和吸附脱硫的最佳工艺条件.根据正交试验分析得到确定最佳试验工艺路线为A3B3C2D2E3,即酸化凹凸棒石粘土的硫酸浓度为2mol/L、热改性温度为90℃、吸附时间60min.最佳吸附脱硫工艺为脱硫剂用量4g/40mL、吸附温度为40℃、吸附时间为60min.凹凸棒石粘土经过改性后脱硫率明显提升,硫含量的质量分数从280μg/g降到54.43μg/g,脱硫率达到80.56％.     

硝酸改性香榧果壳活性炭的制备及对甲醛的吸附性能

以香榧果壳为原料,经炭化、氢氧化钾活化、硝酸改性处理,制备硝酸改性活性炭。通过氮气吸附和X-射线光电子能谱测活性炭的孔隙结构和表面元素含量。用硝酸改性的活性炭对空气中的甲醛进行吸附,以水解吸后,采用气相色谱进行分析,并确最佳的甲醛色谱分析条件。结果表明,硝酸改性活性炭对甲醛的吸附容量为414.12 mg/g,在4.00～400μg/mL范围内甲醛的峰高与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)为0.999 4。     

油酸正丁酯硫酸酯钠盐活化重质碳酸钙及其性能研究

采用单因素分析法考察自制油酸正丁酯硫酸酯钠盐（AH）表面活化处理重质碳酸钙的最佳工艺条件,通过控制分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）的用量、反应时间、反应温度、活化剂油酸正丁酯硫酸酯钠盐的用量,得到AH改性重质碳酸钙的最优化工艺条件为：m（SDBS）∶m（CaCO3）=2%,m（AH）∶m（CaCO3）=2%,活化时间35min,活化温度50～55℃。在此条件下,改性碳酸钙的沉降体积为0.76mL/g,吸油值为17.9mL/100g,粘度为140mPa.s,pH值为7.95。     

有机膨润土处理葡萄酒废水的试验研究

以新疆乌兰林格有机膨润土处理葡萄酒废水,在单因素吸附试验的基础上,采用L9（34）正交试验法确定有机膨润土吸附处理葡萄酒废水的最佳工艺条件为：当废水用量为50mL时,有机膨润土用量1.2g、废水pH值5、吸附时间60min、振荡速度为190r/min。葡萄酒废水经有机膨润土处理后,水质清澈透明,CODCr、BOD5的去除率分别为60%和79%,各项指标达到国家规定的城镇污水二级排放标准。     

TiO2复合吸附剂去除三氯甲烷的试验研究

采用TiO2复合吸附剂进行了消毒副产物三氯甲烷的去除试验,考察了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、溶液pH等因素对试验的影响,并与活性炭吸附法进行了对比.结果表明,当三氯甲烷的浓度为100μg/L时,经TiO2复合吸附剂在一定条件下处理后,去除率达98%,高于或相当于颗粒活性炭吸附法的处理效果.     

活性炭吸附处理制罐生产废水的试验研究

针对物化法处理制罐废水出水CODCr不达标的问题,采用活性炭吸附对经物化法处理后的出水进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,粉状活性炭处理物化处理后的制罐废水,活性炭的最佳投加量为12.5kg/m3,吸附最佳接触吸附时间15min,饱和吸附容量279g/kg.活性炭吸附处理该废水后,出水CODCr小于150mg/L,可满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)中的二级标准中的要求.     

用甘蔗渣制备活性炭的研究

活性炭的制备主要包括炭化和活化两个阶段.炭化是指将原料加热使其失去挥发份而形成多孔的无定形碳.活化是指利用水蒸气使碳化物的细孔结构更加发达的过程。文中介绍用甘蔗渣制备活性炭的机理与实验过程,包括仪器设备、试验装置和制备工艺等。接着,对实验及其结果进行分析探讨,如水蒸气流量、温度、时间等对吸附能力的影响.最后,对活性炭得率进行了研究。     

活性炭吸附深度处理奶牛养殖废水试验研究

本研究采用活性炭吸附工艺深度处理奶牛养殖废水经UASB-SBR工艺的出水,通过静态试验确定活性炭最佳投加量为1.25g/L,最佳吸附时间为15~24h,最佳p H值为7.5~8。采用活性炭柱动态试验对UASB-SBR工艺出水进行深度处理,水力停留时间为15.7h时,活性炭柱对废水COD、氨氮和TP的平均去除率分别为62.4%、58.1%和92%,出水符合《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》(DB21/1627-2008)直排标准要求。     

合成碳羟基磷灰石对废水中锰离子的吸附研究

利用废弃的蛋壳制备碳羟基磷灰石(CHAP),研究了其对废水中Mn2+的吸附作用,并探讨了CHAP用量、Mn2+浓度、温度、pH对吸附效果的影响.试验结果表明:在pH值为6、温度为30℃、搅拌时间为1 h、CHAP用量为3 g/L、Mn2+初始浓度为70 mg/L的条件下,CHAP对Mn2+的去除率可达到97.9%,吸附容量为22.84 mg/g;CHAP对Mn2+的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Fre-undlich吸附等温式,吸附反应是自发放热过程;H0准二级动力学模型能较好地描述CHAP对Mn2+的动力学吸附行为.     

从生态中求生存--德国盖尔森基辛日光村的启示

德国的北威州通过“北威州的50个日光村”计划,致力于太阳能利用和低能源消耗的建筑这项激进的革新。作为首批的盖而森基兴——俾斯麦日光村不但表现出能源革新的理念,而且出色地把经济的、社会的、生态的和城市的理念结合在一起。     

从一份监理工程师通知单说起

引言：本文介绍一起因监理工程师不顾合同约定，擅自要求建设单位购买指定生产厂商的建筑材料而引发的纠纷事件。     

灵动感触，意蕴东方

在现代设计中．有逐渐朝向西方工业发展之势,更有一些带有东方诗意的作品不断涌现,本期三位设计师,他们便从不同人文角度出发,让居家者感受这种意蕴东方的生活体验。     

管理出信誉 管理出效益

当前监理企业在迅速发展的同时也潜伏危机，其原因除监理人员的素质外，就是监理企业内部的基础管理问题。本文介绍本公司近几年开展管理活动的具体做法。     

Contamination of Groundwaters from Diffuse Sources arising from Farming Activities

There is wide concern in developed countries that groundwater resources are deteriorating in the long-term, both in quantity and quality. Some causes of pollution have a largely agricultural origin of which nitrates and pesticides are thought to pose serious risks to human health. This paper briefly reviews the sources of agricultural pollution of groundwater and the extent of the problem. It summarizes the various processes which take place in aquifers to remove, alter or attenuate contaminants.     

学习复杂性

建筑设计一方面与缓慢变化的传统割裂,另一方面与传统的建构方式脱离。所有这些变化,无论是客观的、规划的或是设计的结果,一般来说都有一个决策过程,即对于＂需要什么,可做什么＂这一问题螺旋式的反复考量过程。它需要一个决策与建构的框架。开放建造和精明建造提供了一种取代传统建构的策略,它让人们在建造过程中拥有开放选择的可能,并避免产生材料和工艺废料。历史名城及其建筑的品质在功能主义的运动中横遭贬抑,但现在其价值被重新发现。设计可以向传统学习,因为＂传统之所以成为传统,在于它很有效＂。一系列项目论证了这一思想,并显示了从小规模、高品质的传统建构方式中获取灵感的诉求。     

设计来源于生活—由住宅设计到室内设计

住宅是专供居住的房屋。随着国民经济的增长,生活水平的提高,现代的居民对住宅的功能也有了更进一步的认识。住宅不仅是居住的地方,更是娱乐、休息、享受的场所。因此,人们越来越倾向于个性的生活方式,对住宅的舒适度、室内设计也就有了一定的要求。     

Letter from London

There has been growing interest internationally in the development of comprehensive estimates of the costs of urban transport, fuelled by concerns over global warming, peak oil, road congestion, tolls and public transport subsidies. This article examines the internal and external costs of major modes in Sydney. In terms of total costs, trains are the cheapest, followed by buses, with cars the most expensive. However, the ‘out-of-pocket costs’ paid by motorists at the time of making a trip are less than one-sixth of total costs. This suggests rational individual travel choices do not add up to rational travel patterns for the city, and that we are paying heavily as a society for the convenience of cars. Governments need to give higher priority for public transport (particularly rail which has the lowest overall costs of any mode) and to change pricing for urban travel, if we are to develop more sustainable cities.

     

Heritage from Below

Current research into the peri-urbanisation associated with the rapid population growth of preferred Australian metropolitan regions has shown that their landscape values are put at risk and the region's quality of life (QoL) and the community's standards of liveability are consequently threatened. Whilst the concept of a landscape framework as an analytical, policy and management tool has general acceptance, there appears to be few if any working examples where this concept has been operationalised. To date, the conventional approaches utilised by regional planning agencies and local government have not been able to deliver the necessary tools to incorporate the essential landscape planning principles let alone planning processes to address the regional landscape values at risk in the peri-urban areas of rapidly growing regions. However, promising initiatives have emerged from allied planning fields such as landscape planning. Despite shortcomings in the theoretical development of this conceptual framework, a regional landscape framework has been incorporated into the recently released SEQ Regional Plan 2005–2026, a statutory planning instrument for the South East Queensland (SEQ) region, Australia's fastest growing metropolitan region. Whilst it is conceivable that in the SEQ case, practice may be ahead of theory, there is now an imperative to develop this framework in a manner that it can be utilised as a regional policy framework and as an integrating instrument to address the values of regional landscapes including the range of existing and emerging rural values of the critical urban–rural interface.     

Biofuel from Algae

Finding an alternative fuel for our built environment as a substitute for fossil fuels is the Holy Grail of a sustainable future. Ken Yeang discusses the potential of mass algae production as a source of biofuel. Could we be powering our buildings and cars with algae in years to come? Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.