藻型富营养化水体的治理方法

对国内外藻型富营养化水体的治理和控制方法进行了总结和分析，主要有物理法、物理化学法、化学法、生物法等方法。并在此基础上提出了水体富营养化治理的研究方向。     

浅析生态修复技术治理黑臭水体

详细阐述了黑臭水体主要成因及判别标准,并在此基础上针对性地提出了如物理法、化学法以及生物的生态修复法等手段来治理黑臭水体,希望对治理黑臭水体,改善人居环境有所裨益。     

室内空气中甲醛的去除

介绍了物理吸附法、化学法和生物法等去除甲醛的方法的研究概况,指出了今后的研究方向.     

硝基苯污染废水治理工艺的研究

硝基苯广泛用于有机合成工业,已严重污染环境。由于硝基苯为一种高毒性和生物难降解有机物质,如何从水中去除硝基苯已引起各国学者的广泛关注。本文中,作者综述了近年来硝基苯污染废水治理工艺的研究成果,并对了物理、化学法和生物法进行了比较。     

太阳能治污水可杀藻可增氧

“太阳能湖水净化技术及装置”等水处理新技术日前通过湖北省科技厅组织的鉴定。“太阳能湖水净化技术及装置”是武汉科技学院、武汉方元环境公司共同研制的一种新型污水治理设备。该设备在现有污水治理的生物法、化学法、物理法之外，独创光化学法。据查新，国内外尚无同类设备。据该设备的主要研制者、     

上海市合流污水处理方法研究(中型)

本次研究选择了化学法强化一级、生物法———无内回流A/A/O(简称MA/A/O)、生物法———MSBR三种污水处理工艺 ,分别介绍了三种方法的工艺流程、试验条件与方法、试验结果、并得出了各类技术参数。     

城市污水处理厂恶臭防治措施研究

针对主要的恶臭污染物H2S和NH3介绍了防治的方法.重点介绍了目前最常见的化学法和最具发展潜力的生物法.     

水中Cu~(2+)污染去除方法概述

介绍了物理法、化学法、生物法三种水中Cu~(2+)的去除技术,阐述了各种方法的技术原理,并分析了不同方法的优缺点及适用范围,得出了一些结论,可为水中Cu~(2+)污染去除方法的选择提供参考。     

生物法净化煤气厂含酚污水

种:(1)物理法——蒸汽脱酸、溶剂脱酚、活性炭吸附;(2)化学法——离子交换、电解氧化法、二氧化氯、臭氧氧化、化学沉淀;(3)重复使用法——封闭循环、掺入循环供水系统、熄焦、(4)生物法——活性污泥、生物过滤、污水灌溉等。 生物法即生物化学处理法。它是利用微     

虹吸式固液自动分离器的性能与应用

废水处理方法通常包括物理法、化学法、物理化学法、生物法等。其中物理处理法是最基本、有效的方法，包括过滤、离心、沉淀分离、上浮分离等方式，而过滤则是最为快捷、经济的方法。笔者自制研发的固液自动分离器就是利用物理法中的过滤技术来有效地过滤分离废水中的固体颗粒，回收洁净水。它可以广泛应用于工厂集约化废水处理或养殖废水处理等领域。     

电动修复时间对铅污染土处理效果的实验研究

通过4个试验,分别考察了铅污染土壤在不同修复时间下的修复效果,分析了实验过程中电流、电导率、pH的变化以及实验完成后土样中含水率w、电导率、pH值和铅离子的分布,并对每个试验中铅的去除率进行了计算.结果表明随着修复时间的增长污染物的去除率相应提高.最后,对动电技术发展进行了展望,并对该技术今后的研究及发展提出了建议.     

污染土壤的物理化学修复现状与展望

介绍了我国土壤污染的突出特点及其危害,在分析污染土壤原位修复和异位修复两种方式不同特点的基础上,根据各种修复技术的不同作用原理,介绍了目前国内外主要物理、化学修复的技术原理、适用性、局限性及实施时间等,展望了今后物理化学修复技术的发展。     

Assessing biological indicators for remediated anthropogenic urban soils

Anthropogenic urban soils, including brownfield soils, are currently characterised and evaluated using mainly physico-chemical properties. Our objective was to determine if biological indicators could provide a more comprehensive soil quality assessment relative to sustainability, identifying contamination issues, and effectiveness of remediation strategies. Plant, invertebrate and microbial assays and functional processes were evaluated at 10 brownfield/anthropogenic urban locations at different stages of remediation in northwest England. Extreme sites were discriminated on the basis of earthworm counts and a small number of indicators likely to be related to their activity. It was concluded that identifying a universally-applicable benchmark suite of biological indicators is very unlikely without considerable advancement of knowledge and technology.     

Lead (II) removal from natural soils by enhanced electrokinetic remediation

Electrokinetic remediation is a very effective method to remove metal from fine-grained soils having low adsorption and buffering capacity. However, remediation of soil having high alkali and adsorption capacity via the electrokinetic method is a very difficult process. Therefore, enhancement techniques are required for use in these soil types. In this study, the effect of the presence of minerals having high alkali and cation exchange capacity in natural soil polluted with lead (II) was investigated by means of the efficiency of electrokinetic remediation method. Natural soil samples containing clinoptilolite, gypsum and calcite minerals were used in experimental studies. Moreover, a sample containing kaolinite minerals was studied to compare with the results obtained from other samples. Best results for soils bearing alkali and high sorption capacity minerals were obtained upon addition of 3 mol AcH and application of 20 V constant potential after a remediation period of 220 h. In these test conditions, lead (II) removal efficiencies for these samples varied between 60% and 70% up to 0.55 normalized distance. Under the same conditions, removal efficiencies in kaolinite sample varied between 50% and 95% up to 0.9 normalized distance.     

Electrochemically enhanced oxidation reactions in sandy soil polluted with mercury

For remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals, the electrodialytic remediation (EDR) method is a highly relevant method, see e.g. Hansen et al. (Hansen HK, Ottosen LM, Kliem BK, Villumsen A. Electrodialytic remediation of soils polluted with Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Zn. J Chem Tech Biotechnol 1997;70:67-73). During the process the heavy metals are transferred to the pore water in dissolved form or attached to colloids and move within the applied electric field. The method is found to be useful in many soil types, but has its strength in fine-grained soils. It is exactly in such soils that other remediation methods fail. Four cell experiments were made in order to investigate how relevant the method is for a more sandy soil and if it is suitable for non-ionic heavy metals such as elemental mercury. The duration was 27 days for two of the experiments and two experiments lasted 54 days, and the mercury within the soil was initially 1200-1900 mg kg(-1), of which 84% was elemental Hg. To monitor the process the pseudo-total mercury concentration was distinguished between elemental mercury and non-metallic mercury species by thermodesorption. During the electrodialytic treatment an increase of the content of non-metallic mercury occurred and a corresponding decrease of the content of elemental mercury which indicates a transformation of the latter species into any other non-metallic species. Generally, oxidation of Hg by dissolved oxygen in a solution is kinetically inhibited and thus quite slow. The redistribution of Hg was closely connected to a decrease of soil pH during the experiments. This corresponds very well to the thermodynamic calculations from which it was found that a decrease in the pH of the soil will result in an increase in the oxidation rate of elemental Hg. Results from this investigation show that the electrodialytic remediation method alone is not efficient in situations with sandy soils containing elemental mercury. As a solution for this problem it is suggested to add chloride to the soil system. Chloride would act as a complexing agent avoiding precipitation and enhancing the dissolution of precipitates as well as elemental mercury.     

Electrokinetic soil remediation--critical overview

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in finding new and innovative solutions for the efficient removal of contaminants from soils to solve groundwater, as well as soil, pollution. The objective of this review is to examine several alternative soil-remediating technologies, with respect to heavy metal remediation, pointing out their strengths and drawbacks and placing an emphasis on electrokinetic soil remediation technology. In addition, the review presents detailed theoretical aspects, design and operational considerations of electrokinetic soil-remediation variables, which are most important in efficient process application, as well as the advantages over other technologies and obstacles to overcome. The review discusses possibilities of removing selected heavy metal contaminants from clay and sandy soils, both saturated and unsaturated. It also gives selected efficiency rates for heavy metal removal, the dependence of these rates on soil variables, and operational conditions, as well as a cost-benefit analysis. Finally, several emerging in situ electrokinetic soil remediation technologies, such as Lasagna, Elektro-Klean, electrobioremediation, etc., are reviewed, and their advantages, disadvantages and possibilities in full-scale commercial applications are examined.     

An analytical solution for contaminant extraction from multilayered soil using PVD-enhanced system

Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) have been employed to enhance the in situ remediation of contaminated fine-grained soils. Subsurface heterogeneity can interfere with the distribution and extraction of contaminants during the remediation process. In the present study, an analytical solution for contaminant extraction from multilayered soil using a PVD-enhanced system is developed based on an equivalent planar two-dimensional model. The analytical solution is derived using a procedure that combines the Laplace transform, eigenfunction method and numerical Laplace inversion. The validity and accuracy of the solution are verified by comparison with an existing analytical solution and the results obtained using a numerical model. The effects of several key parameters on the performance of a PVD remediation system in a triple-layered contaminated soil are evaluated. The results indicate that the remediation efficiency for clay layers decreases with increasing hydraulic conductivity or thickness of the sand layer. The PVD remediation system may be unfeasible for contaminated sites with high subsurface heterogeneity caused by permeability contrast. The remediation process for clay layers can be accelerated by increasing the clay vertical dispersivity.     

矿区土壤重金属污染现状及对策

介绍了矿区土壤重金属污染的现状、污染特点、污染来源，同时提出了相应的治理对策，指出植物修复是一种有前途的土壤污染治理技术。     

复合冻融与淋洗方法修复重金属污染黏性土的研究

土壤淋洗被认为是一种高效、可广泛应用和彻底治理重金属土壤污染的方法,但因黏质土壤的低渗透性、较大颗粒比表面积对重金属离子所具有的强烈吸附作用,影响水或淋洗剂在土壤中的混合传质,导致淋洗效果不佳。利用人工冻结方法,通过未冻土侧水分向冻结锋面迁移和冻融循环重构土粒结构提高渗透性的原理,再结合化学淋洗方法,对铅、镉污染的黏性土壤进行了修复试验。结果表明,土体经反复冻融后会破坏土体颗粒原有结构,从而有助于淋洗液与污染物充分接触,因而提高了淋洗效率,为利用自然冷能对季冻区重金属污染土壤修复提供了思路。     

水泥固化重金属铅污染土的强度特性研究

污染场地中开挖出来的污染土利用水泥固化处理（S/S法）后,其污染物质的淋滤特性和土体的强度得到改善,可用于场地的回填和堤坝的填筑等。针对该项技术,对水泥固化稳定后的重金属铅污染土的强度特性进行了研究。试验所用的铅污染土通过将硝酸铅溶液加入干土中人工制备而成,并考虑了不同铅离子含量和水泥掺量对水泥固化污染土强度特性的影响。试验结果表明：水泥固化污染土的无侧限抗压强度随着水泥掺量以及龄期的增长而提高;与常规水泥土（不含重金属污染物）强度相比,污染土中铅离子含量较低时,强度略有提高,铅离子含量较高时,强度显著降低;不同铅含量水泥土试样的应力应变关系均表现为强度越高,破坏应变越小;试样28 d龄期的变形模量与强度呈较好的线性对应关系。