浮法玻璃生产退火窑用浮法石棉辊的改进与使用

浮法玻璃生产退火窑用浮法石棉辊的改进与使用于永浩林相俊（青岛第二石棉制品厂）在浮法玻璃生产线中，玻璃熔液自窑炉出来后，经锡槽进入退火窑，温度虽然已降低了，但根据玻璃从高温到低温温度不能降的太快和太低，而必须逐步降低，否则容易造成玻璃原板炸裂这一特性，...     

浮法玻璃退火窑辊子材料及其性能

退火窑辊子是退火窑的重要组成部分,在阐述玻璃生产对退火窑辊道性能要求的基础上,对目前大量使用钢辊作为退火窑辊道的利弊之处进行了分析,同时对其它材料能否替代钢辊进行了分析和比较。     

12mm浮法玻璃退火工艺探讨

根据斯坦茵退火窑的工艺原理以及本厂的实际情况合理制定生产厚玻璃的退火参数,提高破璃退火质量。由于退火时厚玻璃板内外温差较大而产生较大的应力,容易致使玻璃炸裂 因此认识这一特性,减小玻璃扳内外温差、优化退火参数是生产厚玻璃的关键。     

浮法玻璃退火窑的保温与密封

通过对本线退火窑的保温与密封现状的分析总结,提出加强窑体保温与密封,对提高浮法玻璃退火质量的重要性,进而达到提高玻璃总成品率的目的。     

超白压延玻璃退火窑的设计

该文针对超白压延玻璃生产及退火的特点,提出了若干超白压延玻璃退火窑设计的相关建议考。     

精密超白太阳能玻璃退火窑

阐述了超白太阳能玻璃生产退火窑温度制度的重要性,对退火窑的热工控制及退火窑的密封保温进行了详细说明。     

浮法玻璃退火窑

在苏联的一家工厂中新建一条浮法玻璃退火窑。该窑正在试安装中,其总宽为5.6米,长为112.6米,进行热处理的玻璃带宽为3.5米,玻璃厚度为2—6毫米,生产能力为4500吨/周。该窑采用电加热,备有辊式炉底。玻璃进入退火窑时的温度为600℃,它在不锈钢及石     

浮法玻璃生产线退火窑电加热检修实践

玻璃带成型后的退火工艺直接影响到浮法玻璃生产的稳定.为保证玻璃带的退火要求,分别在退火窑部分区段的顶部与底部设置电加热器,其中A区的顶部与底部通常为抽屉式(也称插入式),其它区位一般为埋入式.安装在底部的电加热器为防止碎玻璃的落入要覆盖一层不锈钢网.对退火窑电加热的检修与维护,在长期生产实践中积累和总结了一些方法,现表述如下:     

玻璃退火浅论

本文简要介绍了浮法玻璃退火窑的基本情况以及玻璃的常见破损和对破损的处理。     

浮法玻璃退火窑余热在冷端区域综合利用技术与实践

该文比较分析了几种浮法玻璃生产线退火窑余热回收利用方案,采用高效热辐射管给生产线冷端厂房和设备供暖,可达到节能减排的效果。该方案降低了设备故障率,改善了玻璃表面质量,提高了宽板超薄浮法玻璃成品率。     

Validation of a numerical model for curtain walls with MVHS during free burning

Glass breakage of curtain wall coverings during a fire can promote the spread of a fire in high-rise buildings. Prior to the development of sprinklers to prevent and delay glass breakage, it is necessary to identify the breakage mechanism of curtain wall glass panes and to establish a numerical model to simulate various fire situations using sprinklers to design effective sprinkler systems. The present study was conducted to establish a numerical model and analysis procedures to simulate fire situations. First, curtain wall was installed on one side of a testing chamber that was 3 m (L) × 3.2 m (W) × 2.4 m (H), and a free burning experiment was conducted using heptane. The same experimental conditions were simulated using a numerical model employing the modified volume heat source (MVHS) model. To analyze the validity of the numerical model, the air temperature inside the room and the surface temperatures of the curtain wall Al frame and glass panes calculated by numerical analysis were compared with experimental values, and the location and timing of the initial crack were compared. Thermocouples were installed on the Al frame and the glass surface to measure the surface temperature of the curtain wall during the fire for approximately 100 s after the onset of the fire. Additional thermocouples were installed to measure the air temperature inside the room to verify the results of the numerical analysis. A numerical model using the MVHS model was established to analyze the overall temperature distribution and the behavior of thermal stress on the curtain wall caused by the fire. MVHS calculations were based on measured fuel consumption, and the numerical analysis results were compared with the experimental values. We confirmed that the temperature calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was in good agreement with the temperature measured in the experiment. The temperature distribution and thermal stress of the curtain wall up to the point of glass breakage were reviewed using a thermal stress structural analysis that employed the results of the CFD analysis with MVHS. The time required to reach the temperature required for glass to break in the numerical analysis and the time required for the first crack to occur in the experiment were identical. The crack positions obtained from the numerical model and experiments were also the same. Overall, our results showed that the numerical model using the MVHS model is suitable for predicting curtain wall breakage and temperature distributions inside a space during the fire.     

Assessment of a model development for window glass breakage due to fire exposure in a field model

This paper presents a model development for the prediction of window glass breakage and fallout in a field model. Glass breakage is based on the temperature difference and the allowable glass breaking stress; and glass fallout is determined by a preset number of successive breakages. As a validation, generally good agreements are obtained between the numerical predictions and the data from a compartment fire experiment. The predicted glass surface temperature and the adjacent gas temperature are within 10–25% of the test data. For fire sizes of 170, 280 and 390 kW, the time of initial occurrence of glass breakage are shown within reasonable range of the experimental results. For the 680 kW fire case, the model shows an earlier glass fallout time, however, the predicted glass temperature at fallout is around 450 °C and is consistent with previous experiments. Further research to improve the model is discussed such as on radiation modeling and the criteria of glass breakage and fallout.     

Indoor thermal environmental conditions near glazed facades with shading devices – Part I: Experiments and building thermal model

This paper presents an experimental study of indoor thermal environment near a full-scale glass facade with different types of shading devices under varying climatic conditions in winter. Interior glazing and shading temperature, operative temperature and radiant temperature asymmetry were measured for façade sections with roller shades and venetian blinds at different positions. Interior glass surface temperatures can be high during sunny days with low outdoor temperature. Shading systems significantly improved operative temperature and radiant temperature asymmetry during cold sunny days, depending on their properties and tilt angle. During cloudy days the impact was smaller, however the shading layers could still decrease the amount of heat loss through the façade. A transient building thermal model, which also calculates indoor environmental indices under the presence of solar radiation, was developed and compared with the experimental measurements. Part II of this paper uses this validated model with a transient, two-node thermal comfort model (including transmitted solar radiation) for assessment of indoor environmental conditions with different building envelope and shading properties, façade location and orientation.     

基于分子模拟的沥青胶结料物理老化机理研究

利用Materials Studio软件建立沥青的四组分模型,利用体积温度曲线得到了该沥青模型的玻璃化转变温度,同时利用差示扫描量热（DSC）试验验证了沥青模型所得玻璃化转变温度的可靠性,并在低于玻璃化转变温度下利用分子动力学从微观上对沥青分子的物理老化现象进行模拟与分析.结果表明：在低于沥青玻璃化转变温度的等温等压条件下,沥青模型随着时间的延长,出现了自由体积减小、密度增大的物理老化现象;低温下沥青质和胶质导致沥青活动性降低,出现了物理老化现象,实现物理老化的微布朗运动的分子活动力主要来自饱和分和芳香分.     

低辐射率玻璃表面热辐射的数值模拟

采用漫射封闭腔内非灰谱带模型，并结合玻璃吸收和透射的性质，对Low-E玻璃镀膜侧表面的热辐射特性进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明：在相同条件下，Low-E玻璃与普通透明玻璃所受到的辐射热流量相差很大。同时利用模型考察了玻璃温度，加热管湿度以及玻璃透射率对Low-E玻璃辐射换热的影响。     

Measuring modified glass bulb sprinkler thermal response in plunge and compartment fire experiments

Automatic fire sprinklers use a heat sensitive element such as a glass bulb or fusible link to respond to the heat from a fire. The response of commercial fire sprinkler glass bulbs has been extensively characterised in convection-dominated dry gas flows but in real fires there may be more factors that influence the heat transfer to the bulbs such as radiation from the fire or cooling from adjacent sprinkler sprays. The time of activation is the only indication of the thermal response of typical commercial fire sprinklers using glass bulbs to a fire, but direct temperature measurement using a modified proxy may provide a better understanding of how sprinklers respond in a complex environment. Modified glass bulbs have been created that allow a thermocouple to be inserted in the bulb for direct temperature measurement. In this paper, the thermal response of sprinklers with these modified bulbs has been observed in hot-air wind tunnel plunge experiments and full scale room fire experiments. At the time of activation the measured temperature of the modified sprinklers was found to be higher than the nominal activation temperature specification for the unmodified sprinklers. For the compartment fires, a thermal response model generally predicted longer sprinkler activation times based on ceiling jet temperature and velocity measurements than was observed experimentally.     

呼吸式玻璃幕墙在寒冷地区的应用

以天津市某采用呼吸式玻璃幕墙的节能建筑为研究对象,采用热流计测量计算了呼吸式玻璃幕墙的传热系数.对向阳面、背阳面的房间、玻璃幕墙空气层及室外温度进行了测量.在寒冷地区的冬季,可利用太阳辐射加热空气层,减少房间基本耗热量.在供暖期刚结束时,能使室内温度保持在较舒适的范围内.     

玻璃幕墙传热系数计算方法及工程应用

在研究玻璃幕墙热传递特点的基础上,基于一维稳态热传导理论,以中空玻璃为例建立了玻璃系统传热系数计算模型;基于二维稳态热传导理论和有限单元法,采用三节点三角形单元对二维温度场进行了离散,推导了单元热传导矩阵和温度载荷列阵,并推导了热对流、热流密度、辐射以及各种边界条件耦合作用下对单元热传导矩阵和温度载荷列阵的修正公式,建立了玻璃幕墙框及附加线传热系数计算模型。利用Visual C++和ObjectARX对AutoCAD进行了二次开发,研发了玻璃幕墙传热系数计算软件TJCW,并通过算例与LBNL系列软件计算结果进行比较,验证了所编软件的正确性和有效性。最后对某工程实例中玻璃幕墙传热系数进行了节能验算。研究结果表明：建立的传热系数计算模型能够正确的计算玻璃幕墙传热系数,基于该计算模型开发出的软件能够应用于实际工程的节能分析和计算中。     

Zonal network solution of temperature profiles in a ventilated wall module

A ventilated wall module is an outdoor air-intake device that can clean the drawn air, reduce heat loss or gain, and insulate outdoor noises. It contains a solar board, air cavities, and an air filter. This investigation proposes a zonal network model to efficiently predict temperature profiles in a ventilated wall module. The thermal network is established by applying an energy balance to each network node. The outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, and solar irradiation intensity are specified as boundary parameters. The proposed model is validated by the measured temperatures in a prototype model. The results show that the proposed model provides reasonably accurate temperatures with a maximum gap of 3°C between the prediction and the measurement. The temperature profiles approach straight lines when the mass flow rate significantly increases. A similar trend is observed when the solar irradiation intensity, the solar board absorptivity, or the glass transmitivity dramatically decreases.     

不同方法测得热固性树脂耐热性能的分析

运用热变形温度(HDT)、示差扫描量热(DSC)和动态热机械分析(DMA)方法对不同热固性树脂固化体系的耐热性能进行了测试,并分析了测试结果差异与其物理机制的关系。结果表明:通过DMA图谱中模量曲线拐点得到的热固性树脂耐热温度,与材料的热变形温度比较吻合。从DMA图谱中得到的玻璃化转变温度比DSC曲线得到的稍低。