关于十字板剪切强度与含水率的相关性研究

以天津市滨海新区软土及饱和土为研究对象,通过十字板剪切试验和室内土工试验,研究了十字板剪切强度与含水率之间的关系,结果表明,总体上土体含水率与十字板剪切强度之间呈指数关系。     

双向土工格栅与砂土界面循环剪切特性研究

利用单调直剪试验、循环剪切试验、循环剪切后单调直剪试验,探究单调剪切与循环剪切作用下双向土工格栅与砂土界面剪切特性。通过单调直剪试验研究了法向压力对筋土界面剪切特性以及剪胀性的影响;循环剪切试验则揭示了法向压力、循环次数以及循环剪切位移幅值对循环剪切及循环剪切后筋土界面特性的影响。试验结果与参数分析表明,筋土界面剪应力峰值随着法向压力和循环次数的增大而增大;循环剪切位移幅值对界面剪应力峰值的影响甚微;界面经单调直剪与循环剪切后均发生了剪切硬化,但循环剪切后的界面剪应力峰值大于单调剪切试验;循环剪切后筋土界面黏聚力及内摩擦角均有所提高,加筋结构稳定性增强。     

加筋土的筋土界面作用及影响因素

筋土界面作用特性直接影响着土工结构物的强度和稳定性。在总结国内5种筋土界面作用特性观点的基础上,认为加筋土的强度和稳定性主要依靠填土自重和筋土之间的摩阻力来实现,加筋作用不仅反映在筋土界面上,也发生在筋土周围的土体中,加筋土的剪切带观点是对筋土界面特性的综合性概括。加筋填土的含水率、压实度、剪胀效应、加筋材料自身特性以及试验方法等因素都不同程度地影响着筋土界面作用特性。将直剪试验和拉拔试验相结合,并辅助离心模型试验及数值分析方法,可深入研究筋土界面作用特性。     

土工合成材料加筋作用室内试验及机理分析

通过土工合成材料加筋作用的室内试验,研究了土工合成材料对路基顶面塑性变形和应力消散的影响等作用机理,针对试验结果进行了分析,并得出相关结论,以期促进土工合成材料加筋技术应用的理论研究。     

基于单根纤维拉拔试验的波形纤维加筋土界面强度研究

纤维/土界面间的力学作用特性是决定纤维加筋土工程性质的关键因素。为了改善纤维/土界面作用力,开发了一种新型的波形纤维作为加筋材料,并自主设计了一套拉拔试验装置,对单根纤维加筋土开展了多组拉拔试验,定量获得了波形纤维加筋土的拉拔特性及界面剪切强度,通过与传统直线形纤维对比,分析了波形纤维/土界面的力学作用机理,并从理论上探讨了波形纤维的最大临界加筋长度。结果表明：提出的单根纤维拉拔试验方法及设计的试验装置为研究纤维/土界面力学作用提供了有效的途径,试验结果具有较好的可重复性;直线形纤维的拉拔曲线呈典型的单峰特征,拉力达到峰值后迅速减小到残余值并逐渐趋于稳定,而波形纤维的拉拔曲线呈显著的多峰特征,曲线波长与纤维的波长基本一致;通过对比,波形纤维/土界面剪切强度明显高于直线形纤维,强度值提高了178%,极大改善了纤维的加筋效果,此外,波形纤维拉拔曲线各峰值对应的界面剪切强度及残余剪切强度随拉拔位移呈指数递减趋势;利用测得的纤维/土界面剪切强度,结合纤维自身的抗拉强度和一些假设条件,能确定纤维的最大临界加筋长度,对实际工程设计有一定参考意义。     

不同剪切速率下格栅–土界面循环剪切及其后直剪特性

为了研究剪切速率对砂土与土工格栅界面剪切特性的影响,采用室内大型直剪仪对土工格栅加筋砂土试样分别进行不同剪切速率下的单调直剪试验、循环直剪试验,并在循环直剪试验结束后接着对试样进行单调直剪试验,研究了剪切速率对筋土界面剪切应力、剪切体变的影响,对比分析不同剪切速率下单调直剪试验的结果与经受过循环剪切后的单调直剪试验结果的差异。试验表明:剪切速率对单调直剪条件下筋土界面的剪切特性影响不大;循环剪切过程中,低剪切速率和高剪切速率下分别发生循环剪切软化和循环剪切硬化现象;剪切速率对循环剪切后的筋土界面直剪特性影响较明显,受循环剪切后筋土界面的抗剪强度比不受循环剪切作用的要低。     

地基土固结快剪与直接快剪指标相关性规律研究

为探究地基土固结快剪与直接快剪指标之间的相关性规律,该文以安徽华谊化工有限公司液体化工码头还建工程为依托,通过室内土工试验获取了各类地基土的剪切试验结果;定义了剪切比,分别对黏聚力和内摩擦角的固结快剪与直接快剪的相关性规律进行了拟合。研究结果表明:随着直接剪切黏聚力增大,黏聚力剪切比不断降低,随着直接剪切内摩擦角增大,内摩擦角剪切比不断降低;黏聚力与内摩擦角的剪切比-直接剪切拟合曲线均呈幂函数关系,两者拟合精度均超过0.93,表明地基土固结快剪与直接快剪指标之间存在较好的规律性。     

土工带加筋碎石土大型三轴试验研究

为真实反映土工带加筋碎石土的受力特性,本文采用实际工程中使用的TG玻塑土工带进行了4组不同围压、不同 加筋层数的土工带加筋碎石土大型三轴试验。分析了加筋带对碎石土应力-应变关系及强度的影响,并引入应力比、强度 加筋系数、破坏变形加筋系数、轴向变形加筋系数和侧向变形加筋系数来评价加筋效果。试验结果表明:碎石土经土工带 加筋后其破坏强度和破坏应变均得到提高,在大变形下土工带加筋碎石土仍能继续承担荷载。加筋土和未加筋土的强度 曲线基本平行,土工带加筋碎石土的强度服从"准粘聚力"原理。加筋效果不仅与加筋参数有关,而且与围压有关,加筋带 的作用发挥随围压增大而减小。     

不同土工格栅的筋土界面摩擦特性研究

土工格栅与土的界面作用特征直接影响加筋高填方路堤的安全与稳定性。以河北省邢汾高速公路加筋高填方路堤工程为背景．通过室内直剪试验．分析不同类型的土工格栅在砂土中的界面摩擦特性作用。试验表明随着上覆荷栽的增加,土工格栅与砂土的摩擦特性加强。双向土工格栅与砂土之间的界面凝聚力要高于单向土工格栅．而其界面摩擦系数相差不大。通过对格栅界面特性的研究．给土工合成材料的生产建设性的意见并为实际工程选用格栅材料提供参考。     

双层立体加筋砂土的强度特性

在提出立体加筋方式的基础上,对水平–竖向复合加筋和竖向加筋两种加筋形式的立体加筋砂土进行大量的三轴试验。结果表明,相对于无筋土及传统的水平加筋砂土而言,立体加筋砂土强度有大幅度提高。对比分析竖向加筋率与立体加筋砂土强度之间的关系,比较不同围压下的强度变化。在试验基础上,分析立体加筋砂土的工作机制,并利用极限平衡理论建立双层立体加筋土的强度模型,最后将竖向加筋砂土的部分试验结果与理论值进行对比,结果表明二者基本吻合。     

Effect of random inclusion of sisal fibre on strength behaviour of soil

Construction of building and other civil engineering structures on weak or soft soil is highly risky on geo-technical grounds because such soil is susceptible to differential settlements, poor shear strength and high compressibility. Improvement of load bearing capacity of the soil may be undertaken by a variety of ground improvement techniques like stabilisation of soil, adoption of reinforced earth technique etc. Reinforced earth technique is considered as an effective ground improvement method because of its cost effectiveness, easy adaptability and reproducibility. Therefore, in the present investigation, sisal fibre has been chosen as the reinforcement material and it was randomly included in to the soil at four different percentages of fibre content, i.e. 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% by weight of raw soil. Four different lengths of fibre, i.e. 10, 15, 20 and 25 mm are also considered as one of the parameters of this study. The main objective of this investigation had been focused on the strength behaviour of the soil reinforced with randomly included sisal fibre. The reinforced soil samples were subjected to compaction and triaxial compression tests. The results of these tests have clearly shown a significant improvement in the failure deviator stress, Shear strength parameters (C and φ) of the studied soil. It can be concluded that sisal fibre can be considered as a good earth reinforcement material.     

基坑底部土体满堂加固模型试验与数值模拟研究

为探究基坑底部土体满堂加固对基坑变形和内力的影响,采用室内模型试验方法,研究了基坑底部土体满堂加固对基坑周围地表沉降、冠梁侧向位移、桩身弯矩以及桩后土压力变化的影响。运用ABAQUS有限元软件对模型试验进行数值模拟,将试验数据与数值计算结果进行对比,并分析了加固土体的水泥掺入比和加固深度对基坑变形的影响。结果表明:满堂加固对降低基坑底部隆起效果最为明显,对降低支护结构侧向位移较为明显,对减小地表沉降不明显;通过极差分析法得出,增加加固土体的弹性模量较增加加固深度对抑制支护桩侧向位移及坑底隆起更为有效;当水泥掺入比超过一定范围后,加固效果没有显著提升,建议在含水率为20%左右的软弱土层地区,水泥掺入比一般为5%～20%;土体的加固深度超过一定范围后,控制基坑变形的效果有所提高,但不明显,建议土体加固深度取0.4～0.45倍基坑深度。     

Soil-reinforcement interaction: Stress regime evolution in geosynthetic-reinforced soils

Understanding the stress regime that develops in the vicinity of reinforcements in reinforced soil masses may prove crucial to understanding, quantifying, and modeling the behavior of a reinforced soil structures. This paper presents analyses conducted to describe the evolution of stress and strain fields in a reinforced soil unit cell, which occur as shear stresses are induced at the soil-reinforcement interface. The analyses were carried out based on thorough measurements obtained when conducting soil-reinforcement interaction tests using a new large-scale device developed to specifically assess geosynthetic-reinforced soil behavior considering varying reinforcement vertical spacings. These experiments involved testing a geosynthetic-reinforced mass with three reinforcement layers: an actively tensioned layer and two passively tensioned neighboring layers. Shear stresses from the actively tensioned reinforcement were conveyed to the passively tensioned reinforcement layers through the intermediate soil medium. The experimental measurements considered in the analyses presented herein include tensile strains developed in the reinforcement layers and the displacement field of soil particles adjacent to the reinforcement layers. The analyses provided insights into the lateral confining effect of geosynthetic reinforcements on reinforced soils. It was concluded that the change in the lateral earth pressure increases with increasing reinforcement tensile strain and reinforcement vertical spacing, and it decreases with increasing vertical stress.     

加筋土挡墙拉筋轴向应力分布规律研究

基于剪力滞模型基本原理对加筋土挡墙筋土作用机理进行了研究。根据拉筋轴向应力是由拉筋周围土体发生剪切位移而产生,紧邻拉筋周围土体仅受剪应力作用的假定,将加筋体单元中土体分为内、外两层,建立了拉筋轴向受力平衡方程,推导出了加筋土挡墙拉筋轴向应力特解。理论分析表明,加筋土挡墙中拉筋轴向应力沿拉筋长度L呈非线性分布,且在x≤L/2时出现一个峰值;当水平拉筋沿筋长方向出现凹陷或凸起时,在该位置将产生拉力峰值。该研究成果合理解释了加筋土挡墙中拉筋轴向应力出现多个峰值以及越靠近墙底部潜在破裂面位置越接近墙面板的原因。     

土工格栅加筋石灰土挡墙工程特性试验研究

以河北省保（定）沧（州）高速公路模块式土工格栅加筋石灰土挡墙为工程依托,以现场原型试验为手段,系统研究了该结构工作状态下的基底竖向土压力、墙面板背部侧向土压力和土工格栅拉筋应变分布规律。试验结果表明：基底竖向土压力沿筋长近似呈梯形分布,其大小一般小于理论值,最大值发生在墙背附近,且随竣工后时间的延续有下降的趋势;实测墙背侧向土压力沿墙高呈非线性增长分布,数值小于主动土压力;实测拉筋应变沿筋长呈单峰值分布,且数值均小于0.6%。试验结果可以为类似工程的设计、研究提供参考。     

Analyzing the influence of facing batter on reinforcement loads of reinforced soil walls under working stress conditions

The level of reinforcement loads in a reinforced soil retaining wall is important to its satisfactory operation under working stress conditions since it basically determines the wall deformation. Consequently, proper estimation of the reinforcement load is a necessary step in the service limit-state design of this type of earth retaining structures. In this study, a force equilibrium approach is proposed to quantify the influence of facing batter on the reinforcement loads of reinforced soil walls under working stress conditions. The approach is then combined with a nonlinear elastic approach for GRS walls without batter to estimate the reinforcement loads neglecting toe restraint. The approximate average mobilized soil strength in the retaining wall is employed in the force equilibrium analysis. The predictions of reinforcement loads by the proposed method were compared to the experimental results from four large-scale tests. It is shown that the proposed semianalytical approach has the capacity to reproduce the reinforcement loads with acceptable accuracy. Some remaining issues are also pinpointed.     

格栅条带式加筋胎面挡土墙变形性能数值计算

采用土工格栅加筋的方法提高废旧轮胎挡墙的承载性能,促进废旧轮胎挡墙的推广应用,通过数值计算方法分析了不同墙顶荷载下有无土工格栅加筋的废旧轮胎挡墙的水平变形与竖向沉降反应特征,得出铺设土工格栅加筋的方法可显著减小墙体的水平变形和竖向沉降,提高废旧轮胎挡墙结构的承载能力,随着外荷载的增加,墙体变形模式依次呈凹凸微小变化型、“弯弓”型、“似弯弓”型和“鼓腮”型和直线型。考虑土工格栅的加筋长度、竖向加筋间距以及格栅加筋刚度3种因素对废旧轮胎+土工格栅加筋土挡墙的水平变形的影响,得出在废旧轮胎加筋土挡墙设计中,建议土工格栅的加筋长度选取范围为0.5H～0.7H,土工格栅竖向间距的选取范围为0.4 m~0.7 m,格栅刚度不宜大于5 000 kN/m。     

Physical and numerical modelling of strip footing on geogrid reinforced transparent sand

This paper presents the results of laboratory scale plate load tests on transparent soils reinforced with biaxial polypropylene geogrids. The influence of reinforcement length and number of reinforcement layers on the load-settlement response of the reinforced soil foundation was assessed by varying the reinforcement length and the number of geogrid layers, each spaced at 25% of footing width. The deformations of the reinforcement layers and soil under strip loading were examined with the aid of laser transmitters (to illuminate the geogrid reinforcement) and digital camera. A two-dimensional finite difference program was used to study the fracture of geogrid under strip loading considering the geometry of the model tests. The bearing capacity and stiffness of the reinforced soil foundation has increased with the increase in the reinforcement length and number of reinforcement layers, but the increase is more prominent by increasing number of reinforcement layers. The results from the physical and numerical modelling on reinforced soil foundation reveal that fracture of geogrid could initiate in the bottom layer of reinforcement and progress to subsequent upper layers. The displacement and stress contours along with the mobilized tensile force distribution obtained from the numerical simulations have complimented the observations made from the experiments.     

钢丝网筋材的加筋作用特性试验研究

在双绞合六边形钢丝网加筋红砂岩粗粒土大三轴试验的基础上,对钢丝网筋材的加筋机理、加筋作用发挥过程和含水量、加筋间距对加筋效果的影响进行系统的研究。分析表明,加筋双绞合六边形钢丝网可以同时提高红砂岩粗粒土的黏聚力和内摩擦角,其加筋机理不宜采用“准黏聚力”理论,工程设计时也应考虑筋材对土体内摩擦角的贡献;双绞合六边形钢丝网...     

Scale effect on the behaviour of geogrid-reinforced soil under repeated loads

One of the most useful geosynthetics in soil reinforcement is geogrid due to its high tensile strength, having a great influence on soil skeleton reinforcement and eventually, increasing bearing capacity of the foundation. In this research, a series of 36 repeated plate load tests have been carried out to investigate the scale effect on geogrid-reinforced soil, tending to further understanding of the behaviour of geogrid-reinforced soil system. Four different soil grains sizes, two different geogrid's aperture sizes (with roughly the same tensile strength) and three different loading plate sizes are the variables considered. During the tests, the applied loading and soil surface settlements were recorded to evaluate the systems' response. As it was expected, the reinforced soil exhibited higher bearing capacity than the unreinforced status, up to 635%. The results show that increasing loading plate size and soils' particle size fortify the response of foundation, especially in reinforced status, against the loading plate penetration. The results further focused on the important role of scale effect on the response of reinforced foundation. It was understood that the optimum nominal aperture size of geogrids should be about 4 times of medium grain size of soil. Also, it was found out that in order to acquisition of highest reinforcement benefits, the footing's width should be in the range 13–25 (20 in average) times of medium grain size of the backfill. Finally, to achieve the best results, it is recommended that the aperture size of geogrids should be selected roughly 0.2 times of footing width.