关于虚拟建筑企业伙伴间关系模式及合同订立方法的研究

本文从虚拟企业的概念出发,通过研究虚拟建筑企业的性质,揭示了虚拟建筑企业伙伴之间的关系模式,进而从方法论的角度研究了在不同伙伴关系模式下订立合同的方法.     

虚拟组织模式在建筑企业中的应用

在阐述虚拟组织理论的基础上分析了建筑企业虚拟组织模式，并对建筑企业如何建立虚拟组织进行了过程描述，指出虚拟企业是未来企业发展的方向。     

工程量清单计价模式下虚拟建筑企业发展分析

结合在招投标过程中传统建筑企业的项目管理、组织模式在工程量清单计价模式下出现的问题,对虚拟建筑企业这种新兴的工程建设项目组织模式能否适应新的工程计价、招投标、结算模式做出科学的分析和判断。     

基于BIM的虚拟设计技术在北京坊项目中的实践

本文运用建筑信息模型BIM(Building Information Modeling),研究了虚拟设计、虚拟施工以及基于虚拟模型的算量技术,通过探讨BIM相对于二维CAD图纸的优势,阐明了BIM虚拟设计技术对建筑工程行业的革命性作用,采用BIM协同设计技术,提升了各专业人员间的协同、节省了建筑成本,并将其运用于大栅栏北京坊大型工程项目实例,展现了虚拟设计、虚拟施工及项目管理过程,以改善设计质量和建筑性能,优化和完善设计方案。     

CAD在建筑领域：为什么几千名汽车设计师比100万建筑师在CAD上

本文通过对ＣＡＤ发展的简单回顾，提出我们正处于信息时代的起点；信息的力量将使虚拟建筑成为起初建筑的一个动态，灵活的副本；每个建筑都将有自己的电子版，虚拟与共存，设计师将成为“虚拟建筑”的始作者，其电子产品的价值远非图纸能力。     

CAD在建筑领域──为什么几千名汽车设计师比100万建筑师在CAD上消费更多

本文通过对CAD发展的简单回顾,提出我们正处于信息时代的起点;信息的力量将使虚拟建筑成为真实建筑的一个动态、灵活的副本;每个建筑都将有自己的电子版,虚拟与真实共存;设计师将成为“虚拟建筑”的始作者,其电子产品的价值远非图纸能及。     

虚拟建筑企业的管理方法研究

随着建筑业的不断发展 ,新技术、新材料大量被使用 ,由一家企业来完成一个大的建筑项目的操作越来越困难 .为了解决单一企业的技术资源、管理资源、设备资源等方面的不足 ,松散的建筑联合体——虚拟建筑企业应运而生 .虚拟建筑企业的管理不同于其它的建筑企业管理 ,它在任务分解、组织结构、管理方式等方面都有着一般企业不具备的内容 .同时 ,虚拟建筑企业也有着自己独特的操作模式和“动态联盟”的形式 .根据虚拟建筑企业的运行方式 ,提出虚拟建筑企业的管理方法     

基于供应链的虚拟建筑业企业经营风险分析

虚拟经验作为一种新的商业经营模式,在建筑企业中进行应用,必然会有许多风险。本文对建筑企业虚拟经营的各种风险进行分析,探讨,并建立风险评估模型,以利于虚拟经营在建筑业中的应用。     

互联网络、虚拟现实与建筑设计

互联网络、虚拟现实技术的发展为建筑学以ＣＡＡＤ领域提出一个新的概念－“虚拟建筑”。文章从多方面分析,比较了虚拟建筑与实存建筑之间的异同,总结提出一些新的ＣＡＡＤ概念和方法。     

无人栖居的建筑·没有甲方的建筑师--对虚拟建筑师和虚拟建筑在实践领域的探讨

随着数字化技术的应用和普及,新型的建筑和建筑师正应运而生.大量出现在电子娱乐程序、影视特技效果中的数字化虚拟场景,以及网络和数字化媒体中的虚拟空间,使虚拟建筑在悄然兴起的同时,丰富和拓展着传统建筑的含义.与此同时,从业于虚拟建筑的设计师们则以其新颖的工作特点和不同以往的设计对象,成为新一代的虚拟建筑师.     

应急通信场景下基于DTN的可靠消息传输机制

为了提升应急通信场景下各救援群体之间消息传递的可靠性和效率,针对网络连接的断续性和业务应用的特殊性,提出了一种基于延迟容忍网络（DTN）的可靠消息传输机制(DTN based Reliable Message Transmission Scheme,DRMTS）。DRMTS充分考虑了应急救援群体的业务特点、移动模式和传输方式,有效整合了消息发布/订阅模型、DTN路由算法和缓存管理策略。首先,通过基于内容分类的发布/订阅模型合理调度应急消息的高效分发;然后,采用了基于群组移动模式的泛型喷射DTN路由算法提高消息投递的可靠性;同时,引入基于消息内容重要性的缓存管理策略以确保重要消息的优先传输。仿真实验结果表明,相比传统DTN路由算法和经典FIFO缓存策略,DRMTS在消息投递率、传输时延和控制开销等性能指标上均有显著改善,增强了消息传输的可靠性。     

基于3D GIS的应急路径规划方法研究

快速准确的路径选择和逼真有效的路径指示对于城市应急反应和危机处置意义重大。本文针对城市应急环境的多维、动态、不确定性等特点以及传统2D平面网络的局限,提出了“应急线索”的思想和构建三维动态网络模型与路网优化的设想,在VGEGIS软件平台上实现了基于3DGIS的应急路径规划。     

Graph‐Based Modeling of Information Flow Evolution and Propagation under V2V Communications‐Based Advanced Traveler Information Systems

A vehicle equipped with a vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communications capability can continuously update its knowledge on traffic conditions using its own experience and anonymously obtained travel experience data from other such equipped vehicles without any central coordination. In such a V2V communications‐based advanced traveler information system (ATIS), the dynamics of traffic flow and intervehicle communication lead to the time‐dependent vehicle knowledge on the traffic network conditions. In this context, this study proposes a graph‐based multilayer network framework to model the V2V‐based ATIS as a complex system which is composed of three coupled network layers: a physical traffic flow network, and virtual intervehicle communication and information flow networks. To determine the occurrence of V2V communication, the intervehicle communication layer is first constructed using the time‐dependent locations of vehicles in the traffic flow layer and intervehicle communication‐related constraints. Then an information flow network is constructed based on events in the traffic and intervehicle communication networks. The graph structure of this information flow network enables the efficient tracking of the time‐dependent vehicle knowledge of the traffic network conditions using a simple graph‐based reverse search algorithm and the storage of the information flow network as a single graph database. Further, the proposed framework provides a retrospective modeling capability to articulate explicitly how information flow evolves and propagates. These capabilities are critical to develop strategies for the rapid flow of useful information and traffic routing to enhance network performance. It also serves as a basic building block for the design of V2V‐based route guidance strategies to manage traffic conditions in congested networks. Synthetic experiments are used to compare the graph‐based approach to a simulation‐based approach, and illustrate both memory usage and computational time efficiencies.     

Large-scale building damage assessment using a novel hierarchical transformer architecture on satellite images

This paper presents damage assessment using a hierarchical transformer architecture (DAHiTrA), a novel deep-learning model with hierarchical transformers to classify building damages based on satellite images in the aftermath of natural disasters. Satellite imagery provides real-time and high-coverage information and offers opportunities to inform large-scale postdisaster building damage assessment, which is critical for rapid emergency response. In this work, a novel transformer-based network is proposed for assessing building damage. This network leverages hierarchical spatial features of multiple resolutions and captures the temporal differences in the feature domain after applying a transformer encoder to the spatial features. The proposed network achieves state-of-the-art performance when tested on a large-scale disaster damage data set (xBD) for building localization and damage classification, as well as on LEVIR-CD data set for change detection tasks. In addition, this work introduces a new high-resolution satellite imagery data set, Ida-BD (related to 2021 Hurricane Ida in Louisiana) for domain adaptation. Further, it demonstrates an approach of using this data set by adapting the model with limited fine-tuning and hence applying the model to newly damaged areas with scarce data.     

Case-Based Reasoning for Real-Time Traffic Flow Management

Real-time traffic management is a promising approach for alleviating congestion. This approach uses real-time and predicted traffic information to develop routing strategies that optimize the performance of highway networks. This article explores the potential for using case-based reasoning (CBR), an emerging artificial intelligence (AI) paradigm, to overcome the limitations of existing traffic-management decision support systems. To illustrate the feasibility of the approach, the article develops and evaluates a prototype CBR routing system for a real-world network in Hampton Roads, Virginia. Cases for building the system's case base are generated using a heuristic dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model specifically designed for the region. Using a set of 25 new independent cases, the performance of the prototype system is evaluated by comparing its solutions with those of the DTA model. The evaluation results demonstrate the feasibility of the CBR approach. The prototype system was capable of running in real time and produced high-quality solutions using case bases of reasonable size.     

基于虚拟化技术的网络安全管理的研究与实现

随着互联网应用的快速发展,虚拟化技术与网络安全管理相结合,已经成为信息资源网络保障管理课题之一, 由于信息系统正变得愈发复杂,软硬件不兼容、网络安全和资源浪费等问题严重影响了信息化办公的效率,同时也增加了 网络运维的复杂程度以及成本与能耗。本文利用虚拟化技术构建虚拟网络,优化整合现有服务器资源,节约运维成本,降 低能耗,提高设备利用率。运用虚拟防火墙、虚拟路由与虚拟入侵检测等新技术构建网络安全体系。     

On the use of multi-stage time-varying quickest time approach for optimization of evacuation planning

A multi-stage time-varying quickest flow approach (MSTVQF) is established to estimate the minimal clearance time for evacuating the occupants of a building in an emergency situation. As an optimization tool, MSTVQF is especially appropriate for building evacuation planning. It is capable of finding the most efficient movement pattern in a complex building and can provide valuable information for the management to establish effective emergency management strategies including setting evacuation routes and the departure schedule in phased evacuation. Moreover, it can also assist the building designers to identify bottlenecks in an escape system. By adopting MSTVQF for analysis, the time-varying properties of a network that has been resolved to represent a building can be modeled. Accordingly, it can be used to analyze the effect of blocked exits caused by the development of fire in an evacuation analysis.     

A BIM centered indoor localization algorithm to support building fire emergency response operations

The ability to locate people quickly and accurately in buildings is critical to the success of building fire emergency response operations, and can potentially contribute to the reduction of various building fire-caused casualties and injuries. This paper introduces an environment aware beacon deployment algorithm designed by the authors to support a sequence based localization schema for locating first responders and trapped occupants at building fire emergency scenes. The algorithm is designed to achieve dual objectives of improving room-level localization accuracy and reducing the effort required to deploy an ad-hoc sensor network, as the required sensing infrastructure is presumably unavailable at most emergency scenes. The deployment effort is measured by the number of beacons to deploy, and the location accessibility to deploy the beacons. The proposed algorithm is building information modeling (BIM) centered, where BIM is integrated to provide the geometric information of the sensing area as input to the algorithm for computing space division quality, a metric that measures the likelihood of correct room-level estimations and associated deployment effort. BIM also provides a graphical interface for user interaction. Metaheuristics are integrated to efficiently search for a satisfactory solution in order to reduce the computational time, which is crucial for the success of emergency response operations. The algorithm was evaluated by simulation, where two building fire emergency scenarios were simulated. The tabu search, which employs dynamically generated constraints to guide the search for optimum solutions, was found to be the most efficient among three tuned tested metaheuristics. The algorithm yielded an average room-level accuracy of 87.1% and 32.1% less deployment effort on average compared with random beacon placements. The robustness of the algorithm was also examined as the deployed ad-hoc sensor network is subject to various hazards at emergency scenes. Results showed that the room-level accuracy could remain above 80% when up to 54% of all deployed nodes were damaged. The tradeoff between the space division quality and deployment effort was also examined, which revealed the relationship between the total deployment effort and localization accuracy.     

虚拟现实技术在消防仿真实训中的应用

为提高危险化学品事故应急救援装备仿真训练科学性及操作体验性，研究了火灾事故应急处置措施建模方法，开发了基于嵌入式的虚拟现实感知应急装备及仿真实训系统。首先对火灾事故应急处置进行建模，然后通过三维虚拟系统可视化对应急处置操作结果进行展示。实验结果表明，该仿真实训装备对提高应急处置操作水平有重要作用，实现了消防装备操作的实时模拟计算与反馈。     

浅谈民用建筑应急照明的设计

根据建筑电气设计规范及标准对应急照明的具体规定以及工程中的一些习惯做法,对民用建筑中应急照明的设计做了一些探讨和归纳总结,并结合具体问题对应急照明的设计提出了自己的看法。