钢结构住宅全寿命周期成本估算及评价研究

文章阐述了钢结构住宅推广和建设的现状,运用全寿命周期成本理论,构建了钢结构住宅全寿命周期成本模型,并进行了费用估算。通过工程案例分析,对钢结构和钢筋混凝土结构2种住宅方案的全寿命周期成本做了对比。结果表明,钢结构住宅体系的全寿命周期成本较低,同时在节能、节地、节材、节水、环境保护方面具有优越性。     

基于开放建筑理论的东北寒地村镇住宅设计策略

本文通过对东北寒地村镇住宅的现实问题进行剖析,以全寿命周期的可持续为目标,针对东北寒地的客观气候特点和当代村镇住宅的实际需求变化,以开放建筑理论为基础,探讨寒地村镇住宅的全过程设计方法和该理论应用于东北寒地村镇住宅设计的可行性策略,并通过理论分析和实际案例,提出利于可持续发展的适合东北寒地村镇住宅的开放住宅设计模式及流程.     

基于开放建筑理论的东北寒地村镇住宅设计策略

本文通过对东北寒地村镇住宅的现实问题进行剖析,以全寿命周期的可持续为目标,针对东北寒地的客观气候特点和当代村镇住宅的实际需求变化,以开放建筑理论为基础,探讨寒地村镇住宅的全过程设计方法和该理论应用于东北寒地村镇住宅设计的可行性策略,并通过理论分析和实际案例,提出利于可持续发展的适合东北寒地村镇住宅的开放住宅设计模式及流程.     

工业化建筑全寿命周期成本分析

以工业化住宅为例,基于全寿命周期成本分析理论,研究了工业化建筑全寿命周期阶段划分及全寿命周期成本组成。以龙信建设集团开发的龙馨家园项目为实证背景,定量对比分析了工业化住宅与传统住宅在全寿命周期中的不同阶段成本。通过数据对比发现:工业化住宅全寿命周期成本增加的费用主要发生在建设阶段,减少的费用主要发生在使用阶段和处置阶段。基于全寿命周期角度分析看出:随着工业化住宅技术体系的完善和建造规模的扩大,其优势愈加显著。     

节能住宅全寿命周期费用影响因素仿真研究

从对节能住宅进行全寿命周期费用分析的重要性出发,通过对影响节能住宅全寿命周期费用的因素入手,建立了基于系统动力学的全寿命周期费用影响因素系统模型,并以兰州鸿润园节能住宅作为实证研究对象,运用系统动力学 Vensim-PLE 仿真软件进行分析,结果显示:节能率的大小、是否考虑资金时间价值和寿命期的长短均对全寿命周期费用具有显著影响,节能程度越高的住宅,在考虑资金时间价值的情况下,使用寿命越长,它的全寿命周期费用也就越低。分析结果对消除人们在节能投入认识上的“误区”、政府建设行政主管部门组织编制建筑节能方面设计规范与标准、开发商和业主建设与购买节能住宅均提供了可靠的经济性参考依据。     

基于并行工程的SI体系住宅建设研究

总结串行生产方式的缺点与并行工程思想的特点,讨论并行工程应用在SI住宅建设全寿命周期中的必要性和目标;研究并行工程思想在SI住宅建设全寿命周期过程中的应用,建立基于并行工程理论的SI住宅全寿命周期生产、运营系统;研究认为并行工程对于提升SI住宅建设效率有显著作用。     

保温墙模复合剪力墙体系全寿命周期成本分析

对新型建筑节能体系——保温墙模复合剪力墙体系进行全寿命周期成本分析。根据节能建筑实际建立住宅全寿命周期成本计算数学模型,运用该模型进行住宅的经济效果综合评价。经济性综合评价结果表明:该体系的全寿命周期成本显著低于普通剪力墙体系及砖混结构体系。体系在提高住宅适用性、安全性、耐久性、舒适性等住宅品质的同时,还带来了显著的经济效益。     

空调冷热源系统全寿命周期成本计算软件开发

本文从建筑空调系统节能的角度出发,讨论了采用全寿命周期方法进行成本评价的必要性和目前全寿命周期成本评价方法所存在的问题.而后,提出了结合TRNSYS软件平台开发空凋系统全寿命周期成本评价软件的构想,以常规空调系统为例,开发了空调冷热源系统全寿命周期成本评价软件,并给出了应用实例.利用该软件可以方便地实现以空调系统全寿命周期成本最低为目标的优化设计.在此基础上进行拓展,可对其它空调系统形式进行全寿命周期评价.     

基于全寿命周期的绿色住宅评价研究

绿色住宅的评价是一项复杂综合的系统工程,除了要建立科学全面的评价体系外,还得从建筑全寿命周期的角度出发。由于评价指标在不同的寿命周期阶段存在很大的差异性,仅仅从规划设计角度去预测建筑的绿色性能是不科学的,其参考价值也是有限的。基于完善绿色住宅评价体系的目标,尝试从资源节约、环境质量和运营管理3个方面建立基于全寿命周期的绿色住宅评估体系,分析不同寿命周期阶段的评价指标的重要性,并运用改进的多层次模糊综合评价法对住宅绿色等级进行评价。     

基于全寿命周期费用的节能住宅投资决策研究

开发节能住宅是我国建设资源节约型社会的重要保障。通过对节能住宅全寿命周期费用含义的理论分析,建立了节能住宅全寿命周期费用估算模型,并以兰州鸿运润园节能住宅为例进行实证研究。     

Life cycle analysis of housing

This paper reports the findings of a project to assess the costs and benefits of adopting environment‐friendly construction practices for social rented housing in Scotland. Two contrasted dwelling specifications — one for a conventional building (the Control) and one for an environmentally responsible building (Eco‐Type 1) — are compared using Life Cycle Analysis and Life Cycle Costing methodologies. An assessment is made of the environmental and economic implications of adopting environmentally conscious construction practices in social rented housing. It is concluded that the provision of environmentally responsible dwellings could bring large‐scale reductions in the environmental burden of housing, and economic savings for housing providers and tenants over the life cycle of a dwelling with only a small increase in capital costs.     

浅谈建设项目全寿命周期成本评价

论述了全寿命周期成本评价的重要性、目的和意义及应用步骤,结合绿色建筑简要案例的成本控制分析,倡导利用全寿命周期成本评价（尤其是项目前期）加强项目管理,从而有助于实现我国建筑业＂绿色化＂战略。     

建筑工程项目生态质量管理的探讨

以可持续发展理论为指导,借鉴全面质量管理理论和过程控制模式,阐述了质量管理的新模式——生态质量管理,并分析了基于产品生命周期的建设工程项目质量管理方法,以使建筑产品的资源利用率最高,从而实现可持续发展。     

基于ISO15686-5国际标准的建筑生命周期成本(LCC)与建筑全生命成本(WLC)研究

该文针对国际标准化组织所公布的ISO 15686-5(房屋和建筑资产:工作寿命计划第5部分:生命周期成本)中建筑生命周期成本(LCC)与建筑全生命成本(WLC)部分展开研究。该文的研究目的主要在于说明ISO15686-5在建筑领域LCC研究当中的重要性,明确LCC和WLC的概念,明晰LCC与WLC之间的区别和联系,进而探讨WLC所涉及的变量。通过在ISO15686-5框架内对LCC和WLC的分析和比较,可以发现两者的区别主要体现在外部性、非建筑成本和收益这三个组成部分方面。WLC所覆盖的成本范围当中包含了LCC,它相当于LCC与其他外部成本的合计。     

再生骨料混凝土技术及其研究现状

我国是一个资源短缺、粗放经营的资源消费大国,经济增长越来越受到资源和环境的约束.从节约资源、改变粗放营生产方式、走可持续发展道路角度考虑,对再生骨料混凝土的研究和利用非常必要.从再生骨料混凝土的定义入手、结合国内外的研究现状对再生骨乔料的加工方法以及相应的水玻璃溶液处理技术做相关介绍.对再生骨料混凝土进行LCA评价(寿命周期评价),提出了高强高性能再生骨料混凝土.     

Gebäude aus Lebenszyklusperspektive – Ökobilanzen im Bauwesen

Life cycle assessment in the construction sector. Under the impression of an increasing demand for sustainability thinking in the building and construction sector, the method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is constantly gaining relevance. LCA is a method to quantify and assess the environmental impacts of technical systems – in the building and construction sector, these could be both, building products or complete buildings – over their entire life cycle. In the construction sector, LCAs of building products have been well established, while LCAs of entire buildings are just now becoming more common. The German certificate for sustainable buildings strongly promotes this development by including Life Cycle Thinking into the rating of the sustainability of buildings. Due to this development, planners and other stakeholders in the construction industry have to face the necessity of life cycle based environmental optimization of a building already during the planning phase of the building. With the cooperation of LCA experts and experts in the field of assistance in the planning and construction process, dedicated and feasible solutions for this task can be developed. This article provides an overview on LCA in the building and construction sector and presents a possible approach to the question of planning‐integrated environmental optimization of buildings.     

The life cycle impact of refurbishment packages on residential buildings with different initial thermal conditions

Existing buildings constitute a large portion of the UK’s housing stock. Refurbishment of existing buildings can, therefore, have an important role in achieving the UK government’s CO₂ reduction targets. While building regulations and rating frameworks mainly focus on the improvements of the operational performance of buildings, Life Cycle Analysis is considered to be a more appropriate framework to account for long–term CO₂ savings. This study evaluates a range of retrofit approaches (simple, medium, and deep), in terms of Life Cycle Carbon Footprint applied on a terraced house—one of the most common housing archetypes in London. The initial state of the original building has also been examined assuming three initial states (never refurbished, refurbished in compliance with the 1976 and with the 2000 building regulations). Results showed that for all initial state scenarios, deep retrofit achieved the lowest life cycle carbon emissions, in absolute figures, compared to the simple and medium retrofits. Simple retrofit packages, on the other hand, achieved quick and significant improvements, especially in buildings with poor initial thermal conditions. The study also indicated that retrofit packages applied on highly efficient building fabrics result in longer carbon payback time periods. The study recommends establishing a ‘staggered’ retrofitting approach, which pushes for ‘older building first’ and ‘simple retrofit packages first’, as these gain quick CO₂ savings. Deep retrofit packages and treatment of relatively new buildings should be implemented at a later stage, to push buildings further to Zero–Carbon target.

     

混凝土与环境

应用生命周期评价法（LCA）,阐述和分析了与混凝土生产有关的环境问题,如废渣、废气和废水,以及能源、原材料、水和土地资源的消耗等,并对有可能引起的地球变暖和酸雨化等潜在的环境问题进行了探讨。该研究对合理利用资源,降低环境影响,保持国民经济可持续发展,具有十分重要的意义。     

Integrating Environmental and Economic Sustainability in New Building Construction and Retrofits

The aim of this paper is to grow the literature on methodological approaches directed to find out the most preferable retrofit design solutions for Energy-Efficient Buildings, sustainable from both an environmental and economic point of view. The paper proposes a methodology based on the integration of two existing approaches and finalized to support designers, constructors, developers, and public authorities in the decision-making process. The first approach is based on a joint application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). The outputs are proposed as an input to the second approach, the Strategic Choice Approach (SCA), considered as a preliminary “platform” in which information deriving from three specific disciplines (“Materials Science and Technology”, “Environmental Technology” and “Real Estate Market Evaluation”) could be structured, shared and accessed by stakeholders, in order to facilitate the decision-making process. First findings are illustrated through an application of the proposed methodology on a case study in the city of Turin (Northern Italy). The selected case study constitutes a reference building for the Turin area because it represents the building construction techniques that mostly need to be refurbished in order to reduce energy consumptions at building level and, as a consequence, at urban level.     

生命周期评价（LCA）与固废资源化

针对固体废弃物特点和近年来固体废弃物处理情况及废弃物资源化趋势,介绍了生命周期评价（LCA）的概念及特征,具体阐述了LCA的内容及框架,探讨了将LCA应用于固废资源化决策的合理性和可行性,以促进其在环保领域的推广应用。