Review and Exploration of the Development of Planning for the Conservation of the Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in China

To comprehend the development of the famous histori-cal and cultural cities in China and their conservation plan-ning, it is necessary to understand, first of all, the back-ground of their history and present condition. This back-ground has taken shape in the historic development of thecities and is influenced by many complicated factors of thepresent time. To discuss these factors in simple way, theycan be summarized as follows:The impact of the historical and cultural ideas;The impact of the physical and environmental condi-tion;The impact of the present socialand economicsituation.The impact of the historical and cultural ideasChina is a country with ancient civilization. TheChinese cultural has been shaped through development, in-heritance and harmony in a history of 5000 years on the ba-sis of the ancient Huaxia Culture with the Yellow River andthe Yangtse River as the main arteries.The rising of ancient cities in China can be traced backto over 3500 years ago. China is a multinational country. Int     

Retrospect and Prospect of the Protection and Reconstruction of Old Beijing

Beijing is a famous,cultural and ancient capital inour country and one of the first group of famous,histori-cal and cultural cities proclaimed by the State Council.The Imperial Palace,the Great Wall and the Ape—manCave are listed as the” world cultural heritage”,whichhas further confirmed Beijing’s historical position in theworld.It has always been an important task in the field ofBeijing’s overall planning to protect this historical citywell while carrying out its modernization.At present,itbecome more important to do so for Beijing when the re-form and opennng policy is accelerated,the socialist mar-ket economy is being set up and the development of thecity is speeded up.To protect and reform the old Beijing,a great dealof valuable exploration has been put into practice overthe past more than 40 years.The work is now heing putinto a more scientific course.A few points of view are asfollows:     

An Analysis of the Relationship Between the Education Attainment and Economic Status of the Elderly Population in the Towns and Cities of China

Viewed from a macro scope,the cultureof a community is closely related to its econ-omy.Economy being the basis,the level ofeconomic growth determines the level ofcultural development.Conversely,culturecan act as the precursor and cultural devel-opment enhances economic growth.Likewise,the education attainment of an in-dividual reflects the same sort of     

The Protection of the East Tombs of the Qing Dynasty and the Restoration of Historic Environment

The general planning is aimed to protect the historic relics and their environ-ment while paying attention to the overall restoration of historic environment onthe basis of historic and present characteristics of the East Tombs of the Qing Dyn-asty.Attention should also be paid to the coordinated development in other as-pects of socio-economic and tourist constructions.     

Research and Discussion Held on the Relationship between Reconstruction of Dangerous and Dilapidated Buildings in Beijing and Preservation of the Style of the Ancient Capital

Form Sept.10 to Sept.12,1990,the of-fice of Beijing planning committee invitedover 50 people to hold discussion on the     

An Exploration of the Thinking and Method of the Revision of Beijing''''s Master Planning

This article introduces the new thinking andmethod of the revision of Beijing's master plan.The plannersmade new exploration and breakthroughs in such aspects asthe involvement of the general public in planning,the intro-duction of value concept,unified planning of both urban andrural areas,how to link with the future goals of development,etc.     

Analysis of the causality links between the growth of the construction industry and the growth of the macro‐economy in Ghana

A vibrant construction industry in a developing country, that mobilizes human and local material resources in the development and maintenance of buildings, housing and physical infrastructure, is an important means to promote increased local employment and accelerate economic growth. Ghana, a country of about 22 million people, currently has one of the fastest growing economies in West Africa. The Government of Ghana (GOG) has recently set a target of annual economic growth rate of 8% and above, up from annual growth rates of 5–6% in the past five years (2001–05). It intends to use the agricultural sector as the major vehicle for achieving such high growth rates in order for the country to reach the status of a middle income country by 2015. Surprisingly, the construction industry was left out from the list of major growth drivers of the economy. We contend that with the construction industry currently making up the third largest sector of the economy, special attention should be given to this industry as one of the main drivers of economic growth in Ghana. Therefore we conducted a study to analyse the causality links between the growth in the construction industry and the growth in the macro‐economy of Ghana, measured by the gross domestic product (GDP), to ascertain whether the construction industry can be used to lead the entire economy on a growth path. The analysis was based on a simple Granger causality test using time series data from 1968 to 2004. We showed that growth in the construction industry Granger‐caused growth in GDP, with a three‐year lag. The construction industry needs to be considered as one of the major drivers of economic growth in Ghana.     

A Primary Analysis of the Morphology Formation of the Market Towns in the Region of Rivers and Lakes to the South of the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

The market towns in the region of riv-ers and lakes to the south of the lowerreaches of the Yangtze River in China havelong focussed people's attention upon theirunique formal structures.In this region ofrivers and lakes,its natural morphology is in     

The Rise of the Nantong Harbour and the Development Strategy of Nantong City

Nantong in Jiangsu Province is one ofthe 14 coastal port cities designated to opento the outside world. Recent years saw theincreasing importance of the Nantong Har-bour, with its cargo handling capacitymiraculously shooting up from 2.96 milliontonnes in 1980 to 10.19 million tonnes in1985. Nantong has grown from a lack-lus-ter inland river harbour into an importantsea port of China and the hub of theriver-sea coordinated transport system inthe Yangtze River Valley. Although it is     

Images of the Future from the Past： The Metabolists and the Utopian Planning of the 1960s

During the 1960s, many changes reshaped the economy, the society and the arts. The Cold War, the Space Race, the construction of a new middle class in most western societies led by the postwar economic prosperity with unprecedented urban growth followed by severe environmental problems fostered the design of spectacular urban utopian cities and mega-architectures. In those years, Japan was the source of highly influential bold and visionary urban and architectural ideas which relied on advanced technology. These ideas were conceived on the thought that cities could be seen as gigantic but impermanent entities able to transform itself according to an organic process of adaptation of its elementary components. This paper briefly revisits and critically discusses the legacy of the iconic mega-strnctural projects of Japanese Metabolist Movement and other visionary architects and planners of the 1960s, such as Paolo Soleri, Buckminster Fuller, Archigram. It attempts to enlighten the continuity with contemporary innovative and experimental urban models and ideas for the society and the city of the future, such as the Smart Cities, Eco-Cities, Green Urbanism, whose design is led by concerns related to climate change, the necessity of energy efficiency, the improvement of urban landscape and the valorization of depleted natural resources.     

Planning and Design of the Shenyang Round-the-City Water System and the Green Zone Project

The Shenyang round-the-city watersystem and the green zone project was plan-ned and implemented under the guidance ofthe master plan of the city.The project in-cludes the three artificial rivers(Nanyun Riv-er,Xinkai River and Wei Gong MingCanal)and the green strips on their banks,     

Existing Conditions and Development of the Coastal Townships of Shanghai

Ⅰ.Existing Conditions and Char-acteristics of the Coastal Belt Townshipsof ShanghaiThe coastal belt of Shanghai is com-posed of 6 counties (i.e.the Baoshan,Chuansha,Nanhui,Fengxian,Jinshan andChongming) which have a total area of3,701 km~2(63% of the total suburban area)and have a total population of 3.54 million(63.8% of the total suburban population).Within these 6 counties,there are 5 county     

Numerical and experimental analysis of the vibration serviceability of the Bears’ Cage footbridge

The Bears’ Cage footbridge is a slender steel structure with a single span. Its dynamic behaviour is predicted based on a refined finite-element (FE) model and the vibration serviceability is assessed according to the current codes of practice. The assessment indicates a high susceptibility to human-induced vibrations with disturbing vibration levels even for sparse pedestrian densities. To validate the predicted behaviour of the structure, an extensive experimental study is performed including static deflection and dynamic vibration tests. The analysis shows that statically, the longitudinal movement of the supports on one side of the span can be considered unconstrained, indicating a behaviour of the sliding pot bearings as designed. Due to the footbridge’s arch-like shape, the longitudinal stiffness of the supports highly influences the natural frequency of the fundamental bending mode. The analysis shows that the longitudinal stiffness of sliding pot bearings and the structural inherent damping ratio of the fundamental mode significantly reduces once an initial friction level in the sliding pot bearings is overcome as the result of a significant movement at the supports. The vibration serviceability is reassessed based on the calibrated FE model and shows that even for high pedestrian densities, maximum vibration comfort is ensured.     

The Investigation and Analysis of the Situation of the Outflowing Peasants in 24 Villages

Since 1980,sociologists and otherscentists have carried out a large amount ofresearch work on the issue of peasants whohave left their land.Most of them believethat the only way for China to realizemodernization is to allow its peasants to     

A Summary of the Academic Symposium on the Treatment and Management of City Wastes

With the continuous worsening of theproblems of urban wastes about 60 urbanscientific workers gathered in Guiyang to dis-cuss the present state of the treatment andmanagement of urban wastes and find rela-tive solutions to the problems.The“Guiyang Symposium on the Treat-ment and Management of City Wastes”jointly sponsored by the Chinese Urban Sci-entific Research Institute,the Urban Con-struction Department of the Ministry of Ur-     

Behaviouristic Psychology and the Layout of Green Plots

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A Study of the Structure and the Functions of the Local Resident Organization in China''''s Urbanized Society

To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city's local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an intermediate between the localpolitical organization and family units issomething peculiar to China.Then,how     

Digital Solipsisim and the Paradox of the Great ‘Forgetting’

Neil Spiller counters the main theme of this issue by questioning the dominant focus on production and new technologies in architectural culture, which places a premium on the generation of ‘ever more gratuitous complex surfaces and structures’. Could this inward-looking emphasis on process and obsessive love of new technologies be at the expense of the final product? Are we in danger of producing artefacts that lose sight of human expression and poetics in the competitive drive for greater complexity? Are we, in fact, heading towards a great ‘forgetting’ in which humanity is subtracted from the architectural product?