我国空调列车新风供给现状与应对策略探讨

伴随经济的增长和生活水平的逐步改善,人们对列车车内环境的要求越趋完美.高速化与舒适化逐渐成为我国铁路发展主题,空调系统是列车必要的环控设备.然而在我国空调列车新风供给系统中还存在诸多问题,空调列车车厢多为密闭空间,车内人员密度较大,室内空气品质较差.新风供给是空调列车改善车内空气品质必不可少的措施之一,对我国轨道车辆新风供给现状进行了分析,对其发展趋势进行了探讨,并给出了应对策略.     

空调列车内空气品质的调查与分析

本文以空调列车的两节硬座车厢为调查对象,从实际测量和问卷调查两方面着手,分别采用客观、主观的评价方式评价列车内空气品质。结果表明,列车内空气质量有待提高,且采用主、客观两种不同的评价方式产生了一致的结果。     

重庆跨坐式单轨列车室内环境分析

从车外温度与湿度、车内热、湿负荷两方面分析对比了重庆市跨坐式单轨车辆在运行环境上与地铁车辆的差异,探讨了影响车内空气品质的因素,对车厢室内环境舒适性进行了评价,提出了改善空调列车室内空气品质的措施,以供参考。     

空调净化回风口过滤器在洁净工程中的作用

结合当前空调及洁净工程中空气品质及系统维护管理存在的问题,分析了空调回风口过滤器的过滤效率对空气品质及设备运行的影响,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

空调净化回风口过滤器在洁净工程中的作用

结合当前空调及洁净工程中空气品质及系统维护管理存在的问题，分析了空调回风口过滤器的过滤效率对空气品质及设备运行的影响，并提出了相应的解决办法。     

空调列车室内微环境空气品质评价分析

通过对列车室内空气环境的调研,分析了影响列车空气质量的主要因素,并介绍了列车微环境质量评价方法及改善列车空气品质的技术措施,以提高列车环境品质。     

空调客车空气品质分析及改善措施

对空调客车内的污染物来源及影响空气品质的因素进行了分析,建议修订新的空调客车车内空气品质评价标准,并从检修维护、材料选择、改善硬件设施以及加强管理四个方面提出了车内空气品质的改善措施,以提高车内的空气品质。     

开式逆升压空气制冷机在列车空调上的应用分析

研究了列车空调用空气制冷机的方案。通过热力学计算,得出了该方案在列车空调设计工况下的性能。分析了相关参数对循环性能的影响,指出了提高空气制冷机效率的途径。本文结果对制冷剂替代工作和列车空调用制冷机的研制具有重要意义。     

活塞风对地铁区间隧道空气品质的影响研究

地铁环控系统设计往往重视对区间空气温度控制而忽略区间的空气品质控制,但区间空气品质将直接影响到列车车厢内部的空气品质。为分析地铁活塞效应对区间隧道通风量的影响,以某实际工程为研究对象,对区间隧道通风系统进行了模拟计算分析,对比了不同方案下的列车活塞效应,得出了提高区间隧道空气品质的方法。     

室内空气品质与新风节能研究进展

空调系统正由舒适性向健康性发展,在这条必经之路上空气品质、舒适性和节能性三者要齐头并进,缺一不可。关于新风问题、室内空气品质和节能一直是人们关注的室内环境控制的主题。本文强调了空气品质与空气污染的区别,阐述了保证室内一定空气品质的重要性;分析了新风量、新风质量与室内空气品质的关系,并对不合理的新风方式和新风处理引起室内空气品质恶化和空调系统能耗增加做了一定的研究;从新风处理、减少空调系统二次污染、优化气流组织、加强新风调节等方面分析了新风节能的一些措施。最后对新风新技术研究情况进行了一定的介绍。这对提高室内空气品质降低空调系统的能耗具有重要意义。     

室内空气品质与暖通空调

就人们日益关注的室内空气品质问题进行描述,并阐明暖通空调与室内空气品质的关系,指出改善室内空气品质是一项综合工程,其中暖通空调系统是非常重要的影响因素,暖通空调技术的进步可以有效地改善室内空气品质。     

秦皇岛市冬季某高校宿舍空气质量调查研究

目的:调查高校宿舍室内空气质量(Indoor air quality,IAQ),加强高校管理人员和学生对IAQ的认识,为工程设计人员改善宿舍通风提供依据。方法:利用主观问卷调查与现场测试相结合的方法,从主观和客观两个方面对秦皇岛市某大学的20个学生宿舍、120人进行冬季IAQ调查研究。结果:42.5%的学生对宿舍IAQ表示不满,认为宿舍内空气"很不新鲜"或"不新鲜"的学生高达60.0%,95%的宿舍室内CO_2浓度超过限值1 000 ppm。45.8%的学生认为宿舍内偏冷,70.8%的学生认为宿舍内湿度偏干燥。超过80.0%的学生在宿舍中会偶尔或经常出现注意力不集中的现象,95.0%的学生在宿舍中比在自习室中更容易瞌睡。结论:该校冬季大学生宿舍通风不良,IAQ问题较突出,对学生的注意力和学习状态造成一定影响,应提高建筑设计人员、管理人员和学生对IAQ问题的认识,采取相应措施改善高校宿舍IAQ。     

浅谈室内空气品质

描述了室内空气品质 (IndoorAirQuality)这一为人们日益关注的概念 ,分析了各类因素对室内空气品质的影响。指出改善室内空气品质是一项综合工程 ,其中合理的建筑设计及通风空调系统是重要的影响因素     

Ten questions concerning green buildings and indoor air quality

This paper investigates the concern that green buildings may promote energy efficiency and other aspects of sustainability,but not necessarily the health and w ell-being of occupants through better indoor air quality( IAQ). We ask ten questions to explore IAQ challenges for green buildings as w ell as opportunities to improve IAQ w ithin green buildings and their programs. Our focus is on IAQ,w hile recognizing that many factors influence human health and the healthfulness of a building. We begin w ith an overview of green buildings,IAQ,and w hether and how green building certifications address IAQ.Next,w e examine evidence on w hether green buildings have better IAQ than comparable conventional buildings. Then,w e identify so-called green practices and green products that can have unintended and unfavorable effects on IAQ. Looking ahead,w e offer both immediate and longer-term actions,and a set of research questions,that can help green buildings to more effectively promote IAQ. This article supports a grow ing recognition of the importance of IAQ in green buildings,and the opportunities for improvements. As the World Green Building Council [95] and others have emphasized,people are the most valuable asset of organizations,and efforts to improve IAQ can improve health,w ell-being,productivity,and profitability.     

Building and Environment

This paper investigates the concern that green buildings may promote energy efficiency and other aspects of sustainability, but not necessarily the health and well-being of oc-cupants through better indoor air quality ( IAQ ) . We ask ten questions to explore IAQ challenges for green buildings as well as opportunities to improve IAQ within green buildings and their programs. Our focus is on IAQ, while recognizing that many factors influence human health and the healthfulness of a building. We begin with an overview of green buildings, IAQ, and whether and how green building certifications address IAQ.Next, we examine evidence on whether green buildings have better IAQ than comparable conventional buildings. Then, we identify so-called green practices and green products that can have unintended and unfavorable effects on IAQ. Looking ahead, we offer both immediate and longer-term actions, and a set of re-search questions, that can help green buildings to more effectively promote IAQ. This article supports a growing recognition of the importance of IAQ in green buildings, and the opportunities for improvements. As the World Green Building Council [ 95 ] and others have emphasized, people are the most valuable asset of or-ganizations, and efforts to improve IAQ can improve health, well-being, productivity, and profitability.     

用于提高室内空气品质的新风预处理系统

随着对各种病态建筑综合症认识的逐步深入 ,国内的公众越来越注重室内空气品质( IAQ) ,迫切要求提高 IAQ.本文给出了几种新风预处理系统形式 ,可以经济有效的提高室内空气品质     

Uncertainty in indoor air quality and grey system method

Based on analysis of uncertainty, this paper presents grey system theory to handle the “grey” characteristic of IAQ. Grey comprehensive analysis of indoor air quality reveals that we should pay more attention to the air purification and humidity control in the design and maintenance of HVAC. In order to represent grey characteristic of IAQ system, the educed grey IAQ models can identify the variation intervals of key IAQ model parameters that are lack of directly measurable messages in practical situations. Furthermore, grey assessment is an effective multifactor comprehensive assessment method that can express the integrative influence of contamination indexes on indoor air quality. We can determine the IAQ grade and make comparison according to the grey incidence matrix R.     

Parental worry about indoor air quality and student symptom reporting in primary schools with or without indoor air quality problems

Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools is related to increased symptom reporting in students. We investigated whether parental worry about school IAQ influences this association. Data came from survey collected from five Finnish primary schools with observed IAQ problems and five control schools. Parents (n = 1868) of primary school students reported worry about IAQ in schools and symptoms of their children. Associations between observed IAQ problems, worry, and five symptom scores (ie, respiratory, lower respiratory, eye, skin, and general symptoms) were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and mediation analysis. Parents were on average more worried in schools with observed IAQ problems. Observed IAQ problems were strongly associated with increased worry and all symptoms under study (unadjusted ORs ranged between 1.48 [95% CI 1.48‐2.16] and 2.70 [95% CI 1.52‐5.17]). Parental worry was associated with all symptoms (unadjusted ORs ranged between 2.49 [95% CI 1.75‐3.60] and 4.92 [95% CI 2.77‐9.40]). Mediation analyses suggested that parental worry might partially explain the association between observed IAQ problems and symptom reporting (proportion mediated ranged between 67% and 84% for the different symptoms). However, prospective studies are needed to assess causal relationships between observed IAQ problems, worry, and symptom reporting in schools.     

Performance evaluation of air distribution systems in three different China railway high-speed train cabins using numerical simulation

Air distribution system is very important to indoor air quality (IAQ) in China railway high-speed (CRH) train cabin. Air distribution systems in three different CRH train cabins are simulated and evaluated in this paper by using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. CFD models of CRH1, CRH2 and CRH5 train cabins are developed and validated basing on the field experiments in three train cabins. Flow field, temperature field, and airflow pattern in the three train cabins are investigated respectively by using the CFD models developed. Four improved performance indexes which can eliminate influences of geometric dimension are utilized to evaluate the air distribution systems in the cabins. The cough droplets dispersion processes inside the CRH train cabins are simulated to investigate the cough droplets removal ability. Simulation results show that good airflow pattern is very critical to guarantee the uniform distribution of flow field, temperature field and thermal comfort in the train cabin. The air distribution system employed in CRH5 train cabin is the most efficient among the three train cabins. Moreover, CRH5 train cabin has stronger cough droplets removal ability than CRH1 and CRH2 train cabins. Air distribution system in CRH5 train cabin should be adopted in the next generation CRH train cabin in the future.     

Residential indoor air quality interventions through a social-ecological systems lens: A systematic review

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important consideration for health and well-being as people spend most of their time indoors. Multi-disciplinary interest in IAQ is growing, resulting in more empirical research, especially in affordable housing settings, given disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations. Conceptually, there is little coherency among these case studies; they traverse diverse spatial scales, indoor and outdoor environments, and populations, making it difficult to implement research findings in any given setting. We employ a social-ecological systems (SES) framework to review and categorize existing interventions and other literature findings to elucidate relationships among spatially and otherwise diverse IAQ factors. This perspective is highly attentive to the role of agency, highlighting individual, household, and organizational behaviors and constraints in managing IAQ. When combined with scientific knowledge about the effectiveness of IAQ interventions, this approach favors actionable strategies for reducing the presence of indoor pollutants and personal exposures.